• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.121-150
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• 2006

Under the New York Convention, parties can petition the courts of the United States to confirm foreign arbitral awards. Although there is no definition in the Convention for 'non-domestic' awards, in the United States, federal and state courts read the Convention broadly and interpret this as permitting the enforcing authority to supply its own definition of 'non-domestic' in conformity with its own domestic law. There are a number of federal cases on this point. The court preferred this broad construction of 'non-domestic' awards because it comported with the intended purpose of the Convention, which was entered into to encourage the recognition and enforcement of international arbitral awards. This means that in applying the New York Convention, U.S. courts have responded to the underlying spirit rather than the technical letter of the Convention. In brief, the New York Convention has much broader application in the United States. It is applicable not only to awards rendered outside of the United States, but also to non-domestic awards rendered within United States. As this article suggests, the general attitude towards foreign awards is more pro-enforcement in the United States, whether the award is rendered in favor of the American party or in favor of the foreign party.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.91-104
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• 2015

Korea Privative security regulation was enacted in 1976 and which was revised 18 times. But most of the revision was made by outer forces but not by for the law itself. Now more than 39 years since the law was enacted and 63 years modern private security method was adopted. In this point of time being requires well equipped private security regulation would be revised to match with much changed society. First, there is a problem with the current ways of education, written examination. Second, security guard supervisor examination subject should be revised, which means overlapped subjects must be eliminated. Third, collective civil petition place has to be arranged.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.22
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• pp.45-60
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• 1994

Since 1988 the fur fashion industry in Korea has been difficult in exporting and competition with too many brands after opening the dom-estic fur market. However comparing with the interest of manufactures and consumers there are few of related references and books. So the purpose of this study is to put in order and summurize the manufacture in fur cloth-ing the informations of domestic and oversea fur markets and the other professional references. After all it is to help succeed in domestic and international fur markets and give the new ideas of designing and merchandising to the fur fashion industry. The results were as follows: 1. Contact with fur specialty stores in the international fashion cities and tourist cities directly. 2. Establish oversea factories in the low labor countries. 3. Exploit and invest in Russia china and the East European countries for suppliment of law materials and fur market. 4. Need the market research and promotion for encroachment in Japanese fur market. 5. Create the original brands with inter-national fashion sense. 6. Develop the manufacture line for diverse models in small lots matching with the modern life styles. 7. Need the fashion show exhibition pro-motion with reasonable prices and creative new designing with various color trimming texturizing and combination with the other materials. 8 Subdivide and distinguish labels into different types for avoiding with too much com-petition and comvenience of consumers. 9. Make an effort to weaken the black mar-ket the 30% of the domestic fur market.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• s.2
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• pp.23-89
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• 2004

The protective area of military installations can be a essential investment goods for producting public goods like military installations and national security. For the purpose of this, The protective area of military installations are set up and applicated at important strategic areas. It causes colplications and frictions among the people, government and army inevitably to set up the protective area of military installations, as the relation between the army which produces security or public goods and the people that make and use valuable goods is opposed and contradictory to each other. Heretofore, the civil petition of the protective affair to military installations has been presented individually. As local self- government is fixed, a local selg-governing body presents many civil petitions now. Therefore the protective affair to military installations came to be examined carefully in the aspecs of improving the relationship between the civil and army, raising natinal competitiveness, and increasing efficiency of military operations. Though the relationship between the civil and army is opposed and contradictory, it is required to be in keeping with each other with a situation around society, that is, changes and trend of national security, politics, economy, society. Accordingly, if you drive plans of rational management to the protective area of military installations, you can not only achieve successful military installations, but also be a great help to growth of a local community. Then 「The Army with the people」worthy of the name can be real.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.1360-1364
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• 2009

Necessity of removable soil nailing has been arisen in the soil nailing system because of problem such as civil petition for geotechnical environment and invasion of the ground boundary line and payments for use besides geotechnical engineering. Removable soil nailing system is improved soil nailing system that fixed socket arranged in boring hole for increasement of skin friction. In this study, field pull-out tests are carried out more 4 times considering installed distance of fixed socket and analyze skin friction behavior characteristics in fixed socket through analysis of measurements of strain gauge attached to fixed socket. Also, to evaluate application for wedge type removable soil nailing system analyzing displacement aspects through field pull-out tests by trial construction.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.789-796
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• 2007

It has been noted, in case of the apartments in collective form, the drainage noise from cleaning of toilet causes many problems in the basement and adjacent rooms, mainly hampering the pleasant housing environment. The problems are increasingly raised by civil complaints with the public offices. Therefore, if the drainage noise generates when wash out of toilet bowl is grasped how the characteristics change according to the sorts of drainpipe, it is considered that the establishment of an effective sound insulation countermeasure could be possible when a civil petition against the drainage noise of apartment house is submitted hereafter. On such viewpoint, this study measured and analyzed the characteristics of drainage noise per the type of drainage pipe, according to KS A ISO $1996-1{\sim}3$, with the horizontal branch pipe and riser pipes in the drainage noise experiment chamber which has the characteristics of the anechoic room. In the result, the pipe type with excellent noise reduction function. The result of this study is considered to become available as fundamental data, to take actions on reduction of drainage noise of the ceiling piping method.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.97-118
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• 2015

As China has quickly emerged as a global economic power, the total number of international commercial disputes arbitrated by Chinese arbitral institutions has increased dramatically. Along with this, the annulment procedure of arbitral awards in China have been newly brought to the fore. In accordance with the historical background and the demand of the times, the Chinese annulment procedure of arbitral awards reveals distinctive Chinese features. Although it was enacted in the face ofof an unwarranted prejudice against the dispute settlement system by arbitration as well as a deep mistrust of domestic arbitral institutions, the annulment procedure of arbitral awards showed a certain degree of justification and rationality in its initial stages of legislation. However, it is also the case that it has not adapted well to new domestic or foreign arbitration circumstances in the last twenty years. At present, there is a keen interest in revisions to and debates on arbitration law of China. It is necessary to take an active part in the amendment discussion and process of arbitration law. Moreover, we need to reform the annulment procedure of arbitral awards in order to meet the global trend of arbitration law.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to review the appropriateness of deploying private security guards using SMS emotional language analysis at the current assembly and demonstration sites, which rely only on the police force, and to suggest a plan. Therefore, it is intended to contribute to suppressing the problems at the assembly and demonstration sites and present a new paradigm for responding to the assembly and demonstration sites based on the study's results. First, it is necessary to prepare a legal basis for the deployment of private security guards in the 'Security Services Industry Act' and 'Assembly and a Demonstration Act'. Second, there is a need for a 'security company selection criteria' for selecting security companies with a lot of experience, such as collective civil petition sites and security for national critical facilities (special security services). Third, it is necessary to prepare financial resources for the deployment of private security guards. This study is expected to serve as a new cornerstone for effective management of assembly and demonstration sites through mutual complementation of the police and private security.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.714-715
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• 2023

최근들어 청원 시스템은 사람들의 다양한 의견을 반영하고 대응하기 위한 중요한 수단으로 부상하고 있다. 그러나 많은 양의 청원 글들을 수작업으로 분류하는 것은 매우 시간이 많이 소요되며, 인적 오류가 발생할 수 있는 문제점이 존재한다. 이를 해결하기 위해 자연어처리(NLP) 기술을 활용한 청원 분류 시스템을 개발하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 BERT(Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers)[1]를 기반으로 한 텍스트 필터링 시스템을 제안한다. BERT 는 최근 자연어 분류 분야에서 상위 성능을 보이는 모델로, 이를 활용하여 청원 글을 분류하고 분류된 결과를 이용해 해당 글의 노출여부를 결정한다. 본 논문에서는 BERT 모델의 이론적 배경과 구조, 그리고 미세 조정 학습 방법을 소개하고, 이를 활용하여 청원 분류 시스템을 구현하는 방법을 제시한다. 우리가 제안하는 BERT 기반의 텍스트 필터링 시스템은 청원 글 분류를 자동화하고, 이에 따른 대응 속도와 정확도를 향상시킬 것으로 기대된다. 또한, 이 시스템은 다양한 분야에서 응용 가능하며, 대용량 데이터 처리에도 적합하다. 이를 통해 대학 청원 시스템에서 혐오성 발언 등 부적절한 내용을 사전에 방지하고 학생들의 의견을 효율적으로 수집할 수 있는 기능을 제공할 수 있다는 장점을 가지고 있다.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.13-25
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• 2023

Due to Japanese imperialism's invasion of Korea and the policy of exterminating national culture, many independence activists from Korean medicine participated in the Manchurian Independence Army activities and the fight for freedom. Kang Woo-kyu, who threw a bomb at the governor-General of Korea on September 2, 1919, can be cited as a leader who learned East Asian medicine. Kim Kwanje, who organized a secret organization by opening an East Asian medicine clinic in Gimhae, Gyeongsangnam-do, was involved in the struggle of the medical corps while working as a medical student. He is accused of providing a shelter by treating members of the Uiryeoldan. In 1919, the Manchurian Independence Army unit, which launched the March 1st Movement armed struggle, was established, and those who served as military doctors in various organizations can be found. Park Se-jung, who participated as an independent soldier at the age of 47, treated wounded soldiers and patients as a military doctor. A branch office was also created by raising military funds and participating in the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. Jang Hyong was able to raise independent military funds, campaign for the provisional government's independence petition, and lecture across the country mostly disguised as an East Asian medicine doctor, which led to several imprisonments for "fraud charges under the guise of similar medical practices".