• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1335-1341
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• 2010

Voltammetric diagnostics of pesticide thiram was studied in plant leafs in vivo fluid with DNA immobilized on a carbon nanotube electrode (DCE). Sensor properties of carbon nanotube (CE) and DNA immobilized nanotube were compared. DCE was more effective than CE in target detecting. The parameters such as pH strength, stripping accumulation, amplitude, and increment potential were examined to find the optimum condition for detection of pesticide thiram in a sesame leaf. The optimized conditions were as follows 550 Hz frequency, 0.15 V amplitude, 0.005 V increment potential, -1.2 V initial potential, 4.78 pH, 500 sec accumulation time. Under optimum condition, the detection limit of thiram was attained at 0.01ng/L.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.226-236
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• 2009

The performance of phytoremediation has proven effective in the removal of nutrients and metals from aqueous systems. However, little information is available regarding the behavior of pesticides and their removal pathways in aquatic environments involving plant-uptake. A detailed understanding of the kinetics of pesticide removal by plants and information on compound/plant partition coefficients can lead to an effective design of the phytoremediation process for anthropogenic pesticide reduction. It was determined that the reduction rates of four organophosphorus (OP) and two organochlorine (OC) pesticides (diazinon, fenitrothion, malathion, parathion, dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene [HCB]) could be simulated by first-order reaction kinetics. The magnitude of k was dependent on the pesticide species and found within the range of 0.409 - 0.580 $d^{-1}$. Analytical results obtained by mass balances suggested that differential chemical stability, including diversity of molecular structure, half-lives, and water solubility, would greatly influence the removal mechanisms and pathways of OPs and OCs in a phytoreactor (PR). In the case of OP pesticides, plant accumulation was an important pathway for the removal of fenitrothion and parathion from water, while pesticide sorption in suspended matter (SM) was an important pathway for removal of dieldrin and HCB. The magnitude of the pesticide migration factor (${\Large M}_p^{pesticide}$) is a good indication of determining the tendency of pesticide movement from below- to above-ground biomass. The uncertainties related to the different phenomena involved in the laboratory phyto-experiment are also discussed.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.255-263
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• 1993

The demand of safety assessment for pesticide residues in foods is growing in Korea. In order to assess the actual dietary exposure toward pesticide residues, the problems in utilization of pesticide residue data were reviewed and optimization of food factors applicable to Korean population was conducted. The problems and current status in setting pesticide residue tolerance-domestic and foreign-in foods were also argued. The conclusion is summarized as follows: (1) Anticipated residue estimates(ARE) calculated from field trial residue data, the percentage of crop treated, and the effects of cooking or processing should be utilized for dietary exposure assessment in a real sense. (2) Average daily intake of total foods per person in Korea was 1,104g in 1970's and 1,240g in 1980's. Much variation was observed between the two decades by food commodities. (3) Pesticide residue tolerances in Korea have been established at relatively lower levels in comparison with FAO/WHO or western countries. More extensive studies and data accumulation as related to tolerance setting are called for in future for the sake of health protection and smooth interstate trade.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.1-20
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• 1998

Chlorsulfuron, one of sulfonylurea herbicides acts through inhibition of acetolactate syuthase (EC 4.1.3.18; ALS, also known as acetohydroxyacid synthase) in the branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis process. After chlorsulfuron-ALS interaction, many physiological and metabolic disruptions occur in plants. However, it is not clear how this chlorsulfuron-ALS interaction affects those physiological and metabolic processes and how this interaction leads subsequently to plant death. Several researchers suggested that the death of chlorsulfuron-treated plants might be due to a shortage of the branched-chain amino acids, an accumulation of toxic metabolites, and/or a depletion of photoassimilates. It remains as a mystery presently, however, if such changes result in the plant death. In this review, we discussed how the chlorsulfuran-ALS interaction leads to physiological and metabolic disruptions in plants.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.109-112
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• 2013

Azole fungicides are one of the most wide-spread antifungal compounds in agriculture and pharmaceutical applications. Their major mode of action is the inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis, giving depletion of ergosterol, precursors and abnormal steroids. However, metabolic consequences of such inhibition, other than steroidal metabolitesare not well established. Comprehensive metabolic profiles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been presented in this study. Wild type yeast was treated either with glucose as control or azole fungicide (ketoconazole). Both polar metabolites and lipids were analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Approximately over 180 metabolites were characterized, among which 18 of them were accumulated or depleted by fungicide treatment. Steroid profile gives the most prominent differences, including the accumulation of lanosterol and the depletion of zymosterol and ergosterol. However, the polar metabolite profile was also highly different in pesticide treatment. The concentration of proline and its precursors, glutamate and ornithine were markedly reduced by ketoconazole. Lysine and glycine level was also decreased while the concentrations of serine and homoserine were increased. The overall metabolic profile indicates that azole fungicide treatment induces the depletion of many polar metabolites, which are important in stress response.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.1050-1053
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• 2000

Biological evaluation of residual malathion after 168 hrs of single dipping exposure of White Leghorn hens to different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) of pesticides was investigated. Thirty-two male albino rats divided into four groups of eight each were kept on 20% isoproteinous diet prepared from the meat of these malathion dipped hens. After 30 days feeding trial, the rats were killed by decapitation. No significant change was found in erythrocytes. However, the triglyceride concentration in brain tissue was increased significantly (p<0.05) when dose level of pesticide was 1% in dipping solution. Similarly, malathion exposed poultry meat failed in altering any significant change in the pancreatic amylase and lipase activities of rats. This study concludes the virtual absence of toxic accumulation of pesticide in the meat of birds after 168 hrs of exposure in usual concentration range upto 1.5%.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.98-102
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• 2024

Background: Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is a perennial plant belonging to the Araliaceae family that is known to have various beneficial effects including improving memory loss and spatial cognitive ability, and anti-cancer and anti-diabetes activity. Its functional benefits also include improving liver function, regulating blood pressure, stress, and providing antioxidant activity. Usually, various agrochemicals are used in cultivating ginseng preventing from many diseases. Methods: FCGP (field cultivated ginseng in pot) was implemented by imitating MCWG (mountain cultivated wild ginseng). Pesticide analysis of pot cultivation was carried out and the contents of bioactive components such as ginsenoside were also analyzed. Results: FCGP ginsenoside content was higher than that of FCG (field cultivated ginseng) and MCWG. FCGP has been shown to have a relatively high antioxidant effect compared with cultivated ginseng. Conclusion: It was confirmed that ginseng can be grown for 6 years without resorting to use of pesticides. In addition, it was confirmed that effective accumulation of physiologically active ingredients such as ginsenoside is possible. Our result represents FCGP is a novel method of pesticide-free ginseng cultivation

• 한국도시환경학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.391-399
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• 2018

본 연구에서 농약 중에서도 가장 널리 사용되는 유기인계 농약(OPPs)인 Diazinon을 오존/과산화수소 고도산화공정(Peroxone AOP)을 적용하여 제거하고자 하였다. Diazinon은 주로 지하수, 식수, 하천, 사용 농업지역과 가까운 지역의 연못에서 발견되어 체내에 대사체 형태로 축적되면 신경독성 및 정신착란, 어지럼증, 구토 등을 유발한다. 기존의 수처리 공정으로는 잘 제거되지 않는 Diazinon을 오존과 과산화수소를 이용하여 강한 산화력을 가지는 OH radical을 발생시켜 이에 의한 제거 특성을 검토하였다. 최적의 과산화수소/오존 주입 mole비를 도출하고, 제거효율에 영향인자로 작용하는 초기 Diazinon 농도, pH, DOC 농도에 대하여 제거 반응을 확인하였다. 국내의 환경 중 농약 제거에 대한 연구는 국외의 경우보다 매우 미진한 실정이다. 본 연구는 향후 농약물질 제거를 위한 공정 설계에 기반을 마련할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 1999

The degree of pesticides accumulation in tap water in Taejon from June 1995 to Apr 1996 was measured by Ellman's coupled enzyme assay. Since organic phosphate and carbamate pesticides specifically inhibit the neurotransmitter modulating enzyme acetylcholinesterase(AChE), the enzyme activity can be used as a diagnosis for the pesticides accumulation in water and various samples. During the period of this study, the enzyme activity was changed almost every week. The lowest enzyme activity was 64 % of that of the control reaction and there are several days showing about 100 % enzyme activity. In general, the enzyme activity is higher in summer than other seasons especially early spring times. The pH value of tap water was very close to neutral(pH 7.0) and it seems that the enzyme activity was not affected by the small pH changes. Either boiling of tap water or addition of NaOH solution decomposed the pesticide components. These results show that AChE assay is a convenient, sensitive, and reliable method for detection of pesticides in water samples.

• 분석과학
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.489-495
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• 2002

본 연구는 우리나라 수계에 서식하는 어류와 양서류에 대해 trifluralin, atrazine, metribuzink, alachlor, malathion, nitrofen, permethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, parathion 등의 유기 농약의 잔류실태를 조사한 것이다. 전국의 주요 하천 유역 31개 지점에서 양서류와 어류를 채집하였으며, 이들의 근육 부분을 최종 분석시료로 하였다. 전처리 과정에서 아세토니트릴로 추출한 후 n-헥산으로 씻어 지질성분을 제거하고 정제수를 넣고 디클로로메탄으로 재추출하였다. 추출액을 탈수 농축하여 플로리실 컬럼으로 정제한 후 동위원소 표준물질을 첨가하여 GC-MS를 이용하여 분석하였다. 검출된 농도 범위는 양서류에서는 $0.17{\sim}6.8{\mu}g/kg$, 그리고 어류에서는 cypermethrin이 최대 $16{\mu}g/kg$을 비롯해서 $0.26{\sim}16{\mu}g/kg$의 농도로 검출되었다.