• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.1108-1112
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• 2011

Voice can be widely used to classify the four constitution types and to recognize one's health condition from extracting meaningful features as physical quantity in traditional Korean medicine or Western medicine. In this paper, we proposed the method to update the standard operating procedure (SOP) to acquire and record voices for extracting stable vocal features since they are sensitive to the variation of a subject's utterance. At first, we obtained pitch frequencies from vowels and the sentence and intensity form the sentence as features with voices acquired under subjects' utterance conditions and then the deviation ratios of features from median values according to the utterance conditions were obtained and the condition to minimize the ratio was selected as a new SOP. As a result, we decided the SOP for a subject to utter vowels with the length of 2s~1s and sentences with over 2s interval between them after practice, in consideration of the deviation and qualitative requirements. Stable voice features obtained from updated SOP produce accurate diagnosis, which will be developed and simplified for using in the u-Healthcare system of personalized medicine.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2011

Objectives : In this paper, we proposed a method for selecting reliable variables from various vocal features such as frequency derivative features, frequency band ratios, intensities of 5 vowels and an intensity of a sentence, since some features are sensitive to the variation of a subject's utterance. Methods : To obtain the reliable voice variables, the coefficient of variation (CV) was used as the index to evaluate the level of reliability. Since the distributions of a few features are not Gaussian, but are instead skewed to the right or left, we transformed the features by taking the log or square root. Moreover, the definition of the variables that are suitable to represent the vocal property was explained and analyzed. Results : At first, we recorded the vowels and the sentence five times both in the morning and afternoon of the same day, totally ten recordings from each of six subjects (three males and three females). We then analyzed the CVs of each subject's voice to obtain the stable features with a sufficient repeatability. The features having less than 20% CVs for all six subjects were selected. As a result, 92 stable variables from the 222 features were extracted, which included all the transformed variables. Conclusions : Voice can be widely used to classify the four constitution types and to recognize one's health condition from extracting meaningful features as physical quantity in traditional Korean medicine or Western medicine. Therefore, stable voice variables can be useful in the u-Healthcare system of personalized medicine and for improving diagnostic accuracy.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to propose the utilization plan of Ryodoraku in the U-health care systems. Methods : Computerized literature searches were performed for Ryodoraku related articles using the following databases: KISS, RISS, DBPIA, NDSL from 1990 to Oct 2010. Search terms were '양도락' or 'Ryodoraku' or 'U-health'. Due to Ryodoraku coming from Japan, additional literature review(articles published by 2008) on Japanese journal of Ryodoraku medicine was done for compensation. Results : 1. Introduction of U-health : As rapid progress of population aging and strong interest in health, the demand for the traditional Korean medical service is increasing. Until now healthcare service has provided post treatment by face-to-face manner. But according to related researches, proactive treatment is resulted to be more effective for preventing diseases. Particularly, the existing healthcare services have limitations in preventing and managing chronic geriatric degenrative diseases such as metabolic syndrome, CVA, coronary heart diseases, parkinson's diseases, degenerative joint disease, spondylosis, etc., because the cause of the above is complex and even related to life habit. As the advent of ubiquitous technology, patients with the chronic geriatric degenrative diseases can improve life habit such as poor eating habits and physical inactivity without the constraints of time and space through u-healthcare service. Therefor, lots of researches for u-healthcare service focus on providing the personalized healthcare service for preventing and managing that. To cope with this situations, The concept of u-healthcare service should be adopted in the traditional korean medicine and diagnostic devices suitable for it should be also devised and developed based on traditonal korean medine. 2. Review of existing Ryodoraku related articles for applying to U-health : articles investigating feasibility applying Ryodoraku to meridian diagnosis and raising problems of it, articles providing recent research trends of Ryodoraku, Ryodoraku related articles considering usefulness for U-health, and articles confirming the repeatability and reproducity of Ryodoraku were included. Based on the review of the above Ryodoraku related articles, several application of Ryodoraku in the U-health care system. Conclusions : To make preparations for the increasing need of traditional Korean medicine due to rising morbidity rate of chronic geriatric degenerative diseases, it is necessary to appropriately apply Ryodoraku to the U-health care system. The application of Ryodoraku is as follows. 1. To use Ryodoraku additionally to the established diagnostic device of metabolic syndrome, CVA, coronary heart diseases, parkinson's diseases, degenerative joint disease, spondylosis. 2. To apply Ryodoraku to the symptoms or diseases having a tendency to be diagnosed by correlation between the affected meridian and the lesion such as headache, nuchal pain, shoulder pain, low back pain, sciatica, HNP, etc. 3. To secure the repeatability and reproducity of Ryodoraku. 4. To devise and develop Ryodoraku appliance in order to overcome the known drawbacks and to improve error of measurement.

• International Journal of Heart Failure
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2024

The prevalence of heart failure (HF) is increasing, necessitating accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment. The accumulation of clinical information from patients with HF generates big data, which poses challenges for traditional analytical methods. To address this, big data approaches and artificial intelligence (AI) have been developed that can effectively predict future observations and outcomes, enabling precise diagnoses and personalized treatments of patients with HF. Machine learning (ML) is a subfield of AI that allows computers to analyze data, find patterns, and make predictions without explicit instructions. ML can be supervised, unsupervised, or semi-supervised. Deep learning is a branch of ML that uses artificial neural networks with multiple layers to find complex patterns. These AI technologies have shown significant potential in various aspects of HF research, including diagnosis, outcome prediction, classification of HF phenotypes, and optimization of treatment strategies. In addition, integrating multiple data sources, such as electrocardiography, electronic health records, and imaging data, can enhance the diagnostic accuracy of AI algorithms. Currently, wearable devices and remote monitoring aided by AI enable the earlier detection of HF and improved patient care. This review focuses on the rationale behind utilizing AI in HF and explores its various applications.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2020

사상의학은 개인별 맞춤의학에 최적화된 한국 고유의 전통의학으로 유효한 임상 효능에도 불구하고 체질진단의 부정확도는 한계로 지적받아 왔다. 체질 진단의 정확도를 개선하기 위해 정량 데이터에 기반한 체질 분석 알고리즘이 개발되었으며, 본 연구에서는 개발된 알고리즘을 적용한 체질 분석 체험 시스템을 개발하고 반복성을 평가하였다. 체질분석 체험 시스템은 정면과 측면 안면 영상, 음성, 설문 정보를 수집하고 통합 체질 확률 값을 계산하여 체험자의 체질을 분석한다. 개발한 시스템의 체질 확률 값에 대한 반복도 평가를 위해 3명을 대상으로 각 5회 반복 측정하였으며, 변동계수가 4.778%로 나와 충분한 반복도를 보이는 것을 확인하였다. 개발한 시스템은 사상의학의 인식 제고를 위한 홍보에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.226-232
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• 2001

The pharmacotherapy of depression has reduced morbidity and improved outcome for many depressive patients. A wide range of classical and new antidepressants are available for their treatment. However, 30-40% of all patients do not respond sufficiently to the initial treatment and present adverse effects. Pharmacogenetics studies the genetic basis of an individual's ability to respond to pharmacotherapy. Recently, some reports on serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms and their influence on the response to antidepressive therapy provide an interesting diagnostic tool in assessing the chances of response to antidepressants. We also investigated the relationship between serotonin transprter polymorphisms(5-HTTLPR) and the long-term effect of the antidepressant treatment. 128 depressive patients were enrolled into 2nd year study. The therapeutic response of each subset was not different at 8th, 16th week, but the subset with homozygote(l/l) of long variant showed a better therapeutic response to antidepressant than the heterozygote(l/s) of long and short variant, which showed a better therapeutic response than the subset with homozygote (s/s) of short variant at 1st year and 2nd year after the antidepressant treatment. This result shows that the serotonin transporter polymorphisms may be related to the long-term effect of antidepressant treatment. The potential for pharmacogenomics, the use of genetic information to guide pharmacotherapy and improve outcome by providing individualized treatment decisions, has gained increasing attention. pharmacogenomics will contribute to individualize drug choice by using genotype to predict positive clinical outcomes, adverse reactions, and levels of drug metabolism. Personalized medicine, the use of marker-assisted diagnosis and targeted therapies derived from an individual molecular profile, will impact the antidepressant therapy and this approach will replace the traditional trial-and-error practice of medicine.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2010

Purpose: Among computer users, the awkward posture and workstation setups of workers contribute to work-related upper limb musculoskeletal disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a traditional physical therapy and ergonomic intervention by physical therapists in 4 computer users. Methods: After checking Visual Analogue Scores (VAS), four subjects who were treated by physical therapy for neck and shoulder problems related to VDT syndrome were enrolled in the study. All subjects spent at least 40 hours per week at a computer workstation. All subjects had pain and ergonomic states evaluated using methods such as VAS, Neck Disability Index (NDI), Workstyle short form, Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), and OSHA VDT checklist (Occupational Safety and Health Administration video display terminal) before a physical therapy + ergonomic intervention. Participants were re-evaluated 1 month later. Results: Participants showed more improvement of their neck pain after being treated with a physical therapy plus ergonomic intervention than when treatment consisted only of physical therapy. Improvements in RULA, Workstyle short form, and OSHA VDT checklist also were achieved. Conclusion: This case study suggests the importance of examining the work habits and work-related postures of subjects who complain of neck and shoulder pain that is exacerbated by computer use. Personalized ergonomic interventions and physical therapy can lead to improvement of patients with VDT syndrome.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.371-389
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• 2011

A new strategy for cancer therapy has emerged during the past decade based on molecular targets that are less likely to be essential in all cells in the body, therefore confer a wider therapeutic window than traditional cytotoxic drugs which mechanism of action is to inhibit essential cellular functions. Exceptional heterogeneity and adaptability of cancer impose significant challenges in oncology drug discovery, and the concept of complex tumor biology has led the framework of developing many anticancer therapeutics. Protein kinases are the most pursued targets in oncology drug discovery. To date, 12 small molecule kinase inhibitors have been approved by US Food and Drug Administration, and many more are in clinical development. With demonstrated clinical efficacy of bortezomib, ubiquitin proteasome and ubiquitin-like protein conjugation systems are also emerging as new therapeutic targets in cancer therapy. In this review, strategies of targeted cancer therapies with inhibitors of kinases and proteasome systems are discussed. Combinational cancer therapy to overcome drug resistance and to achieve greater treatment benefit through the additive or synergistic effects of each individual agent is also discussed. Finally, the opportunities in the future cancer therapy with molecularly targeted anticancer therapeutics are addressed.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2017

The recently released the $8^{th}$ edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Staging Manual introduces significant modifications from the prior $7^{th}$ edition. In this paper, the contents of the new changes in the decision of cancer of the head and neck is summarized except changes in staging of skin and thyroid cancer. In addition to the 8th edition, 1) Addition of extracapsular involvement in metastatic lymph nodes (N category) 2) Oral cancer T classification change, 3) Staging of the pharyngeal cancer was divided into 3 chapters: high-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) associated oropharyngeal cancer (OPC), non HR-HPV associated OPC and hypopharynx cancer (HPC), and nasopharynx cancer (NPC) 4) Changes in T and N classification in NPC, 5) In the case of cancer of unknown primary, P16-positive case is defined as HR-HPV related OPC, and EBV-positive case is defined as NPC. The process that led to these changes highlights the need to collect high-fidelity cancer registry-level data that can be used to confirm prognostic observations identified in institutional data sets. Clinicians will continue to use the latest information for patient care, including scientific content of the 8th Edition Manual. All newly diagnosed cases through December $31^{st}$ 2017 should be staged with the 7th edition. The time extension will allow all partners to develop and update protocols and guidelines and for software vendors to develop, test, and deploy their products in time for the data collection and implementation of the 8th edition in 2018. The 8th edition strikes a balance between a personalized, complex system and a more general, simpler one that maintains the user-friendliness and worldwide acceptability of the traditional TNM staging paradigm.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권9호
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• pp.1325-1333
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• 2014

사상의학은 한국 고유의 전통 한의학으로 4가지 체질 즉 태양인, 태음인, 소음인, 소양인으로 분류한다. 새로운 기능성 생식제품을 개발하기 위하여 태음인(Taeumin), 소양인(Soyangin) 그리고 소음인(Soeumin)의 혈액으로부터 분리한 면역세포(림프구와 대식세포)를 이용하여 생식 원료(쌀, 보리, 율무, 콩, 팥, 차조, 가지, 무, 당근, 표고버섯, 양송이버섯, 목이버섯)와 생식제품의 면역 활성을 연구하였다. 생식원료와 생식제품 추출물들을 처리한 면역세포에서 세포 증식율, NO와 TNF-${\alpha}$의 증가를 면역 활성의 지표로 사용하였다. 쌀(milled rice), 팥(adzuki bean), 무(radish) 그리고 표고버섯(Lentinus edodes)을 태음인을 위한 생식 원료로 선택하였고, 보리(barley), 콩(soybean), 가지(eggplants) 그리고 양송이버섯(Agaricus bisporus)을 소양인을 위한 생식 원료로 선택하였으며, 율무(Job's tears), 팥(adzuki bean), 당근(carrot) 그리고 목이버섯(Auricularia auricula-judae)을 소음인을 위한 생식 원료로 선택하였다. 이러한 결과를 근거하여 생식제품 개발을 위하여 생식 원료의 종류와 배합비율을 달리하여 배합비 1~6(Mix 1~6)을 개발하였다. 태음인의 면역 활성은 배합비 1, 배합비 2, 배합비 3, 배합비 4, 배합비 5 또는 배합비 6 추출물을 처리한 면역세포 중에서 배합비 2(Mix 2; 쌀 60%, 팥 20%, 무 10%, 표고 10%) 추출물을 처리한 면역세포에서 가장 높았다. 소양인의 면역 활성은 6개의 배합비(Mix 1~6) 추출물 중에서 배합비 4(Mix 4: 보리 60%, 콩 20%, 가지 10%, 양송이 10%) 처리에 의해 최고로 높았다. 배합비 6(Mix 6: 율무 60%, 팥 20%, 당근 10%, 목이 10%)를 처리한 면역세포의 면역 활성 증가는 다른 5개의 추출물들(Mix 1~5)보다 높았다. 따라서 배합비 2, 4 그리고 6은 체질 맞춤형 면역 활성생식제품을 위한 혼합물로 사용할 수 있을 것이다.