• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to assess the ambient level of Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), oil mist of the metalworking fluids(MWFs), especially in heat treat industry and non heat treat industry. And we assessed the relationship of the pattern of exposed PAHs with oil mist during survey day. The study population of heat treat industries contained 98 workers, non-heat treat industry contained 40 workers. Personal samples were taken for ambient monitoring of PAHs and oil mist. PAHs was to analyze the relationship of airborne oil mist. The geometric mean of airborne total PAHs was $3.44{\mu}g/m^3$ in heat treat industry and $0.13{\mu}g/m^3$ in non heat treat industry, Pyrene and Benzo(a)pyrene was detected from heat treat industry and Naphthalene in heat treat industry was significantly detected higher than in non heat treat industry. The geometric mean of airborne oil mist was $0.19{\mu}g/m^3$ in heat treat industry and $0.70{\mu}g/m^3$ in non-heat treat industry. The correlation between oil mist and total PAHs was shown below, total PAHs in workers of non heat treat industry and heat treat industry were not significantly correlated with oil mist

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.255-263
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• 2007

Indoor air quality is the dominant contributor to total personal exposure because most people spend a majority of their time indoors. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the alternative method for improvement of indoor air quality in house after coating titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) photocatalyst for interior part of the house using nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$) multiple measurements. To evaluate the alternative method in indoor environment, daily indoor and outdoor $NO_2$ concentrations of an apartment and a detached house were daily measured for consecutive 21 days in winter and summer, respectively, Another daily 21 measurements were carried out after $TiO_2$ coating on wall paper of interior part in houses. All $NO_2$ concentrations were measured by passive filter badges. Indoor air quality models using mass balance are useful tool to quantify the relationship between indoor air pollution levels, ambient concentrations, and explanatory variables. Using a mass balance model and linear regression analysis, penetration factor (ventilation rate divided by sum of ventilation rate and decay rate) and source strength factor (emission rate divided by sum of ventilation rate and decay rate) were calculated. Subsequently, the decay constants were estimated. In this study. magnitude of improvement of indoor air quality could be evaluated by decay constant.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.59-72
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of heavy metal concentrations in the blood and urine of the general population. This research had been conducted from April to December 2008, studying 545 residents of Daejeon and Chungcheong Province. Through the concentrations of heavy metals(Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Mn) in the biota samples and questionnaires, the residents heavy metal exposure level and the influential factors according to personal characteristics or lifestyle were evaluated. As to the heavy metal concentration in the blood and urine of the comparing region, were As and Mn statistically significant(p<0.01, p<0.05). Blood lead and urinary mercury concentrations were higher in males than females. The heavy metal concentration for each age group increased blood mercury. The concentration of all heavy metals were higher in the drinkers than in the non-drinkers. Blood lead and mercury concentrations were higher in the smokers than in the non-smokers, but the urinary cadmium, arsenic and blood manganese was higher in the non-smokers than in the smokers. As to the blood lead and urinary cadmium concentration according to the food preference fish showed high concentration. To clarify the factors affecting the heavy metal concentration in biota among subjects multiple regression analysis was conducted. As a results, it turned out that as to lead content in blood, sex, age and smoking have influence on the subjects with explanatory adequacy of 14.0 %. These results demonstrated that the factors affected the concentrations of heavy metals in blood and urine. The results of this study could be used as the foundational data for setting the health risk assessment.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.417-428
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• 2018

지능형 영상감시 환경은 CCTV 등에서 실시간으로 수집한 영상데이터의 분석을 통해 영상 객체에 대한 다양한 정보를 추출하고 이를 기반으로 자동화된 처리를 가능하게 하는 기술이다. 그러나 지능형 영상감시 환경에서는 프라이버시 노출 문제가 발생할 수 있어 이에 안전한 대책이 필수적이다. 특히, 영상 메타데이터에는 빅데이터 기반으로 분석된 다양한 개인정보가 포함될 수 있어 높은 위험성을 안고 있으나, 효율성의 문제로 영상메타에 암호화 방식을 적용하는 것은 적절하지 않다. 본 논문에서는 영상메타를 안전하게 보호할 수 있는 COP-변환 기법을 제안한다. 제안한 방식은 메타 변환을 통하여 원본 메타정보를 복원할 수 없도록 하며, 변환된 데이터에 직접적으로 질의를 가능하게 하므로 영상 메타데이터 처리과정에서의 안전성과 효율성을 크게 높인다는 장점이 있다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2006

In this study, we investigated the applicable plan of GIS on the environmental impact assessment of 60 Hz Powerline. So we assessed distance data based on calculations by use of 2D and 3D Geographical information systems(GIS) and distance data based on measurements on 1: 5000 maps accord with on site distance measurements to use input data for calculating magnetic field. One hundred eight of the on site measured addresses were selected from residences. The data were achieved by measuring the distance between residence and power line on maps with scales of 1: 5000. The digital map was obtained from National Geographic Information Institute with scales of 1: 5000, and we made 2D and 3D map. Correlation analyses were performed for statistical analyses. For the 3D GIS versus on site comparison of different exposure categories, 70 of 108 measurements were assigned to the correct category. Similarly for 2D GIS versus on site comparison, 71 of 108 were correctly categorized. When comparing map measurement with on site measurement, 62 of 108 were correctly categorized. When the correlation analysis was performed, best correlation was found between 3D GIS and on site measurements with r = 0.84947 (p<0.0001). The correlation between map and on site measurement yielded an r of 0.76517 (p<0.0001). Since the GIS measurements and map measurement were made from the center point in the building and the on site measurements had to be made from the closest wall on the building, this might introduce and additional error in urban areas. The difference between 2D and 3D calculations were resulted from the height of buildings.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.175-184
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• 2017

Despite growing interest in Korean foods, South-east Asian consumers' perception and acceptance of Korean foods have not been well elucidated. This study was conducted to understand South-east Asian Muslim consumers' perception and acceptance of Korean foods and the association with their food neophobia level. Ninety-three Muslim consumers (mean ages 25.2, men 35.5%, women 64.5%) from Malaysia (72%), Indonesia (16.1%), and Singapore (11.9%) rated their degree of food neophobia as well as recognition and acceptance of representative Korean menu items. Background data such as duration of stay and Korean food consumption habits were collected. Overall, participants perceived Korean foods positively (4.04 on a 5-point hedonic scale). Most well-recognized Korean foods were gimbap and bulgogi, whereas less-known spicy foods such as ojingoe deopbap were most liked among items that were actually consumed. A neophobic group rated Korean foods less favorably than neutral and neophilic groups (p<0.05). Future studies are required to identify whether or not South-east Asian Muslim consumers' food neophobia is formed under the influence of religious regulations or reflect individual consumers' personal traits.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.60-73
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• 2014

Objectives: This study aims at decreasing spatial dose rate through work improvement whilst spatial dose rate is the cause of increasing personal exposure dose which occurs in the process of handling radioisotope. Methods: From February 2013 until July 2013, divided into "before" and "after" the improvement, spatial dose rate in laboratory of nuclear medicine was measured in gamma image room, PET/CT-1 image room, and PET/CT-2 image room as its locations. The measurement time was 08:00, 12:00 and 17:00, and SPSS 21.0 USA was opted for its statistical analysis. Result: The spatial dose rate at distribution worktable, injection table, the entrance to the distribution room, and radioisotope storage box, which had showed high spatial dose rate, decreased by more than 43.7% a monthly average. The distribution worktable, that had showed the highest spatial dose rate in PET/CT-1 image room, dropped the rate to 42.3% as of July. The injection table and distribution worktable in the PET/CT-2 image room also showed the decline of spatial dose rate to 89% and 64.4%, respectively. Conclusion: By improving distribution process and introducing proper radiation shielding material, we were able to drop the spatial dose rate substantially at distribution worktable, injection table, and nuclide storage box. However, taking into account of steadily increasing amount of radioisotope used, strengthening radiation related regulations, and safe utilization of radioisotope, the process of system improvement needs to be maintained through continuous monitoring.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2000

현대 생활에서 대부분의 사람들은 90%이상을 실내(가정, 일반사무실, 실내작업장, 공공건물, 지하시설물, 상가, 음식점, 자동차, 지하철 등)에서 생활하기 때문에 실내공기질(indoor air quality)은 개인이 오염물질에 노출되는 주요한 요인이다. 이산화질소($NO_2$)는 고온의 연소과정에서 발생되는 부산물로써 차량, 발전소와 산업장 등에서 발생되고 있다. 실내에서 이산화질소의 농도는 가스레인지, 케로센(kerosene) 난방기, 흡연에 주로 영향을 받는다. $NO_2$는 호흡기 증상과 관련된 각종 질환을 유발시키는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구는 한국의 서울에서 직장인 95명의 시간활동도가 조사되었으며, 호주 브리스베인에서 직장인 57명의 시간활동도와 동시에 각 가정의 실내.외 및 직장의 $NO_2$ 농도를 측정하였다. 또한 개인 $NO_2$ 노출을 예상하여 각 도시의 빈도분포를 예상하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 보면 다음과 같다. 1. 서울의 95명의 직장인들은 실내에서 약 83.8%의 시간을 보냈으며, 브리스베인의 57명의 직장인들은 실내에서 약 88.3%의 시간을 보냈다. 2. 브리스베인에서 측정된 실내의 NO2 평균농도는 10.5ppb(${\pm}5.6$), 실외의 NO2 평균농도는 14.5ppb(${\pm}5.8$), 직장에서의 $NO_2$ 평균농도는 18.2ppb(${\pm}5.0$)였다. 개인의 $NO_2$ 노출은 평균 15.0ppb(${\pm}5.2$)였다. 개인의 $NO_2$ 노출은 실외의 $NO_2$ 농도(r=0.42)보다 실내의 $NO_2$ 농도(r=0.42)보다 실내의 NO2 농도(r=0.49)에 상관성이 더 높았다. 3. 시간 가중치 모델을 이용한 개인 $NO_2$ 노출은 측정된 개인 NO2 노출과 통계학적으로 상관성을 가지고 있었다(r=0.58). 예측된 개인 $NO_2$ 노출은 측정된 $NO_2$ 노출보다 낮게 나타났으며, 이것은 출퇴근 등에 의한 교통의 이동에 따른 노출 때문인 것으로 생각되었다. 4. $NO_2$ 농도 분포를 log-normal 분포, 시간활동도를 Normal 분포로 가정하고 Monte-Carlo 시뮬레이션을 했을 때 서울의 직장인의 개인 노출은 평균 36.7ppb(${\pm}10.9$)였으며, 브리스베인의 직장인의 개인 노출은 평균 13.7ppb(${\pm}4.1$)였다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.262-265
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• 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) poses an important occupational health risk to health workers (HWs) that has attracted global scrutiny. To date, several thousand HWs globally have been reported as infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus that causes the disease. It is therefore a public health priority for policymakers to understand risk factors for this vulnerable group to avert occupational transmission. A rapid review was carried out on 20 April 2020 on Covid-19 risk factors among HWs in PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCOHost Web (Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE with Full Text, CINAHL with Full Text, APA PsycInfo, Health Source-Consumer Edition, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition) and WHO Global Database. We also searched for preprints on the medRxiv database. We searched for reports, reviews, and primary observational studies (case control, case cross-over, cross-sectional, and cohort). The review included studies conducted among HWs with Covid-19 that reported risk factors irrespective of their sample size. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Lack of personal protective equipment, exposure to infected patients, work overload, poor infection control, and preexisting medical conditions were identified as risk factors for Covid-19 among HWs. In the context of Covid-19, HWs face an unprecedented occupational risk of morbidity and mortality. There is need for rapid development of sustainable measures that protect HWs from the pandemic.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.551-566
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• 2017

As the modern society is rapidly developing and people become affluent in materials, many new chemical compounds in different forms of products (e.g., antibiotics, pesticides, detergents, personal care products and plastic goods) are produced, used, and disposed of to the environments. Some of them are persistently having a harmful impact on the environment and mimicking endocrine properties; in general they are present in the environment at low concentrations, so they are called organic pollutants. These organic micropollutants flow to sewage treatment plants via different routes. In this study, the generation characteristics, exposure pathways, detection levels, and environmental impacts of organic micropollutants were critically reviewed. In addition, currently available risk assessment methods and management systems for the compounds were reviewed. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), for example, has monitored organic micropollutants and set the monitoring and management of some of the compounds as a priority. To effectively manage organic micropollutants in sewer systems, therefore, we should first monitor organic micropollutants of potential concern and then make a watch list of specific substances systematically, as described in guidelines on listing water pollutants in industrial wastewater.