• 무역상무연구
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• 제59권
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• pp.113-135
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• 2013

Piracy has been an ongoing and serious problem in international shipping industry. Somalia is often in the news these days. Somalia has been in a state of unrest for more than two centuries. In recent times, the situation has remained unstable. The persistent unrest is the major driver behind the piracy epidemic in Somalia waters. By the MIA 1906, s.78(1), the expenses in order to be recoverable must have been "properly incurred". The underwriter is also liable in certain circumstances for expenses incurred by the assured in an attempt to avert or diminish loss covered by the policy, under provisions. This class of expenditure is commonly referred to as sue and labour expenses, or suing and labouring expenses; less commonly, as particular charges. The standard marine policy(the S.G.Form) contained what was invariably called the sue and labour clause, which has been replaced in the current Institute Clauses by the "Duty of Assured(Sue and Labour)" Clause in the Hull Clauses, and the "Duty of Assured" Clause, headed "Minimizing losses", in the Cargo Clauses. Sue and labour charges are not confined to expenditure on the part of the assured and his agents, but can include quantified loss consequent upon a sacrifice properly and reasonably made to avert or minimize an insured loss.

• 인문언어
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.43-74
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• 2002

This paper examines the concept of "tradition" for Indigenous Peoples as a construct of reality developed through the lens of Western scholarship and American Indian perspectives. The resulting notions of American Indian tradition constructed by a Western point of view, has been incorporated into the thinking of Western peoples as well as those of American Indians. Possible reasons for this include the lasting effects of colonialism and current mass media and the description of cultural "others" through the Western sciences of Anthropology and Musicology. A definition of what is valid or important in defining "traditional culture" for members of an Indigenous community may utilize significantly different measures than those of Western scholars. In order to illustrate this, the author uses two treatises focusing on the Indigenous American Indian cultures of communities in Eastern North America incorporating Indigenous points of view. One of these two books provides a focus on connections between language and culture and the other on ethnomusicology. From both of these perspectives, traditional identity is seen as continuing in the present day through persistent perceptions of reality, linked to community social performance. These perceptions and their accompanying indexes to tradition are still present despite the disappearance of or frequent changes in the surface forms of both language and manufactured cultural items. The emphasis on "legitimate" or "real" tradition is tied to performance within an ongoing cultural community rather than to Western constructions of what is real found in past descriptions of cultures. An alternative view of "valid" tradition and its relationship to Indigenous identity, needs to incorporate Indigenous perspectives rather than depend on constructions developed using non-Indigenous Western frameworks.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2018

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify the determinants of non-use and the dynamic nature of non-use by the qualitative research methodology, grounded theory methodology, as part of identifying the nature of non-use. Design/methodology/approach We applied the grounded theory methodology to a total of 23 college students, including non-users who are not currently using them, users with low intention to use them, and users with high intention to use. We extracted the codes related to the use and proposed the non-use dynamics conversion process based on the coding results. Findings First, the use of information technology can also promote the frequency of use, but can also lead to the use of negative attitudes which would fall in the state of non-use. Second, the user may have both positive and negative attitudes toward the current information technology. Third, if usage is dominated by habits, it is not so easy to change persistent use into an unused state. Fourth, factors that determine the use of specific information technology can be a factor in determining nonuse. This study has contributed to understand the essence of non - use as well as the nature of use, overcoming limitations of quantitative research approach and confirming possibility of grounded theory method in information system research.

• 산학경영연구
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• 제16권
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• pp.43-60
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 French, Schwert, & Stambaugh와 Schwert의 연구에 사용된 방법을 이용하여 한국 증권시장에서 주식수익률의 변동성의 특징을 분석하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 모형은 주식시장의 변동성의 시계열 특성에 대한 보다 조직적 분석을 제공한다. 간단히 말하면, 이 모형들은 일별 수익률로부터 자기회귀 및 계절적 영향을 제거함으로써 예기치 못한 수익률을 추정할 수 있게 한다. 그리고 나서 자기회귀 및 계절적 모형에 예기치 못한 수익률의 절대값을 이용하여 주가변동성을 예측하였다. 분석결과 첫째, 총체적 주식수익률의 움직임에 대한 지속성은 미약하고, 자기회귀모형에 비정상성이 있을 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 일별 주가변동성의 움직임이 주식수익률의 움직임보다 훨씬 예측가능하다는 것을 발견하였다. 둘째, 변동성의 증가가 미래 기대수익률을 증가시킨다는 증거는 미약하고, 변동성이 시차 주식수익률과 관계가 있다는 사실을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.68-79
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• 1999

This paper describes an approach to collaborative design which focuses on the effects of individual activities on the overall design process. We utilize a new process modeling tool to define the process and then analyze and refine the process based on critical paths. This information is then shared over the Internet with all participants. The goal of this system is to detect critical errors at initial design stage and guide the designers to make better decisions based on the knowledge of the overall process. This system enables participating designers to publish his local process through an Internet bulletin board. Other members of the team can then provide feedback based on how the proposed process impacts their activities. The system provides a context-rich, persistent forum for collecting, preserving, and refining corporate expertise of the team. For example, designers can select any process from the bulletin board and use it as a template for his current project and then use it to maintain his own design history. This paper is based on the process modeling concepts of Design Roadamap and describe several key extensions in the area of CPM calculations and collaborative interfaces.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2014

Background: Recently, a hybrid surgical-electrophysiological (EP) approach for confirming ablation lines in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) was suggested. The aim of this approach was to overcome the limitations of current surgery- and catheter-based techniques to yield better outcomes. Methods: Ten consecutive patients with AF underwent total thoracoscopic ablation (TTA) following transvenous catheter EP ablation (residual gap and cavotricuspid isthmus [CTI] ablation). Holter monitoring was performed 6 months postoperatively. Results: Ten patients (90% with persistent AF) underwent successful hybrid procedures, and there was no in-hospital mortality. An EP study was performed in 8 patients and showed that successful antral ablation in all pulmonary veins was achieved in 7 of them. The median follow-up duration was 7.63 months (range, 6.7 to 11.6 months). Nine patients underwent Holter monitoring 6 months postoperatively, and the results indicated an underlying sinus rhythm without AF, atrial flutter, or atrial tachycardia lasting more than 30 seconds in all of the patients. There was no recurrence of AF during follow-up. Conclusion: A hybrid approach that consists of TTA followed by transvenous catheter EP ablation (residual gap and CTI ablation) yielded excellent outcomes in our patient population. A hybrid approach should be considered in patients with a high risk of AF recurrence.

• 한국초전도저온공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초전도저온공학회 2003년도 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.123-125
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• 2003

We joined 19-multifilamentary (Bi, Pb)$_2$Sr$_2$Ca$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{x}$ Superconducting tapes and fabricated double-pancake coils by using resistive- and superconducting-joint methods. The joint resistance of the coils were characterized by the field decay technique and standard four-probe method. It was evaluated that joint resistance was 3.21$\times$10$^{-11}$ $\Omega$ in the superconducting-joint coil, which is approximately 4 orders of magnitude smaller than that in the resistive-joint coil (107$\times$10$^{-9}$ $\Omega$). The low value of joint resistance obtained by superconducting-joint is expected to be suitable for the practical applications in the persistent current mode.e.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.281-283
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• 2005

A 3-month-old male, Cocker Spaniel with persistent regurgitation immediately after weaning and stunted growth was referred. Radiographic findings on the lateral view include ventral deviation of the thoracic trachea caused by draping of the dilated esophagus and a distinct interface of the dorsal wall of the esophagus silhouetting with the cranial thoracic hypaxial muscles. On the ventrodorsal view, the cranial mediastinum was widened with soft tissue opacity. The trachea was deviated to the right. In an esophagogram, the segmental dilation of the esophagus with constriction of the lumen just cranial to the heart base was identified. In a fluoroscopic examination, the contrast medium was massively accumulated in the cranial portion of the constricted esophagus. At surgery, it was confirmed that the esophageal tract was constricted at the cranial to the base of the heart by aberrant right subclavian artery. It was ligated and divided surgically. Current state of the referred is maintained normal condition from the surgical repair.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2013

Current smartphone authentication systems are deemed inconvenient and difficult for users on remembering their password as well as privacy issues on stolen or forged biometrics. New authentication system is demanded to be implicit to users with very minimum user involvement being. This idea aims towards a future model of authentication system for smartphones users without users realizing them being authenticated. We use the most frequent activity that users carry out with their smartphone, which is the calling activity. We derive two basics related interactions that are first factor being arm's flex (AF) action to pick a phone to be near ones' ears and then once getting near ear using second factor from ear shape image. Here, we combine behavior biometrics from AF in first factor and physical biometrics from ear image in second factor. Our study shows our dual-factor authentication system does not require explicit user interaction thereby improving convenience and alleviating burden from users from persistent necessity to remember password. These findings will augment development of novel implicit authentication system being transparent, easier, and unobtrusive for users.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2015년도 학술발표회
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• pp.537-537
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• 2015

In recent decades, the independence and identical distribution (iid) assumption for extreme events has been shown to be invalid in many cases because long-term climate variability resulting from phenomena such as the Pacific decadal variability and El Nino-Southern Oscillation may induce varying meteorological systems such as persistent wet years and dry years. Therefore, in the current study we propose a new parameter estimation method for probability distribution models to more accurately predict the magnitude of future extreme events when the iid assumption of probability distributions for large-scale climate variability is not adequate. The proposed parameter estimation is based on a metaheuristic approach and is derived from the objective function of the rth power probability-weighted sum of observations in increasing order. The combination of two distributions, gamma and generalized extreme value (GEV), was fitted to the GEV distribution in a simulation study. In addition, a case study examining the annual hourly maximum precipitation of all stations in South Korea was performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. The results of the simulation study and case study indicate that the proposed metaheuristic parameter estimation method is an effective alternative for accurately selecting the rth power when the iid assumption of extreme hydrometeorological events is not valid for large-scale climate variability. The maximum likelihood estimate is more accurate with a low mixing probability, and the probability-weighted moment method is a moderately effective option.