• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2005

Hygrophila auriculata (K. Schum.) Heine is a wild herb commonly found in moist places on the banks of tanks, ditches and paddy fields throughout India and is one of the main sources of Ayurvedic 'Rasayana' drug. The free radical scavenging potential of 50% aqueous alcoholic extract of H. auriculata (HAEt) was studied for DPPH scavenging activity, nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical and ferryl bipyridyl complex scavenging activity along with lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity inhibition using Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in rat liver homogenate. Integral antioxidative capacity was determined by photochemiluminescence assay. HAEt showed good radical scavenging activity at various concentrations $(200-1000\;{\mu}g/ml)$ against 1,1 diphenyl, 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (32.32-77.02%) with moderate scavenging activity against Nitric oxide (12.46-52.84%), hydroxyl radical (11.69-55.26%), ferryl bipyridyl complex (17.66-58.67%) and lipid peroxidation (0.829-0.416nmoles/mg protein). The above results indicate HAEt to be very effective antioxidant. It was suggested that the varied therapeutic activities claimed for the plant in the Indian indigenous systems of medicine may be in the part due to the free radical scavenging and/ or potent antioxidant activity.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

Objective: This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of lipid peroxidation in oxidant-induced apoptosis and effect of JS on the apoptosis in opossum kidney (OK) cells, an established renal proximal tubular cells. Methods : Exposure of cells to 0.1mM tBHP for 2hr did not induce apoptosis, but subsequent incubation in normal culture medium for 18hr after tBHP treatment induced apoptotic cell death which is dependent of tBHP concentration. Results : JS decreased tBHP-induced apoptotic cell death in a dose-dependent fashion and at concentrations higher than 0.01 mg/ml completely prevented the apoptosis. tBHP-induced apoptosis was prevented by the lipid soluble antioxidant N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD) and water-soluble antioxidant Trolox. tBHP increased lipid peroxidation, which was inhibited by JS and DPPD. tBHP-induced DNA damage was prevented by JS and DPPD. Conclusion : These results indicate that tBHP induces apoptosis through a lipid peroxidation-dependent mechanism and JS exerts the protective effect against the apoptosis by preventing peroxidation of membrane lipids.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2004

The antioxidative ability on the basis of reduced glutathione sulphydryl(GSH) level, the inhibition activities of linoleic acid peroxidation of cell free extract of Lactobacillus spp. and Bacillus spp. have been determined; Lactobacillus casei CU4114 contained the highest level of GSH among the probiotic strains with 25.15 ${\mu}$mole/g. Significantly high level of GSH occured in the intracellular cell free extract of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CU4201, Lactobacillus plantarum CU4203. The antioxidant activity and inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation of cell free extract of Lactobacillus spp. and Bacillus spp. by thiobarbituric acid(TBA) assay have been shown to be significantly differed depending on the strains(P>0.01). Intracellular cell free extracts of L. acidophilus CU4111, L. casei CU4114, and strains of Bacillus coacillus revealed a significantly intensive inhibitory activity in the linoleic acid peroxidation reactions. Spearmans' rank correlation between inhibitory activity on linoleic acid peroxidation and cellular GSH levels of Lactobacillus spp. was analysed and the correlation quotient was 0.65 which means a significant positive correlation.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.53-62
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• 2007

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidative effects of Puerariae Radix extract. Method Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Total antioxidant response (TAR), Total phenolic content, Reactive oxygen species (ROS), 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activities, lipid peroxidation were examined. Result Total antioxidant status was examined by total antioxidant capacity(TAC) and total antioxidant response(TAR) against potent free radical reactions. TAC and TAR of Puerariae Radix extract at the concentration of 5 mg/ml were 2.02 and 1.50 mM Trolox equivalents, respectively. Total phenolic content of Puerariae Radix extract at the concentration of 5 mg/ml was 2.29 mM gallic acid equivalent. Concentration of Puerariae Radix extract at which DPPH radical scavenging activity was inhibited by 50% was 5.91 mg/ml as compared to 100% by pyrogallol solution as a reference. The inhibitory effect of the extract on lipid peroxidation was examined using rat liver mitochondria induced by FeSO4/ascorbic acid. Puerariae Radix extract at the concentration of 1 mg/ml slightly but significantly decreased TBARS concentration. The extract further prevented lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of Puerariae Radix extract on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was examined using cell-free system induced by hydrogen peroxide/FeSO4. Addition of 1 mg/ml of Puerariae Radix extract significantly reduced dichloroflurescein (DCF) fluorescence. The extract caused concentration-dependent attenuation of the increase in DCF fluorescence, indicating that the extract significantly prevented ROS generation in vitro. Thus antioxidant effects of Puerariae Radix extract seem to be due to, at least in part, the prevention from free radicals-induced oxidation, followed by inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Conclusion As a result, Puerariae Radix seems to have antioxitative effect and antioxidant compount.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.283-290
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to examine the toxic effects caused by xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine(XO/HX) and the effects of herbal extracts such as Jingansikpungtang(JST) and Gamijingansikpungtang(GJST) on the treatment of the toxic effects. For this purpose, experiments with the cultured nerve cells from the spinal motor neurons of new born mice were done. The results of these experiments were as follows. XO/HX, a oxygen radical-generating system, decreased the survival rate of the cultured cells on NR assay. MTT assay, the amount of neurofilaments and increased the amount of total proteinand increased the lipid peroxidation and the amount of LDH JST has the efficacy of increasing the amount of neurofilaments and total protein, and decreasing the lipid peroxidation and the amount of LDH, GJST has efficacy of increasing the amount of neurofilaments and total protein, and decreasing lipid peroxidation and the amount of LDH. From the above results, it is concluded that JST and GJST have marked efficacy as a treatment for the damages caused in the XO/HX mediated oxidative stress. And JST and GJST are thought to have certain pharmacologicall effects. Further clinical study of this pharmacological effects of JST and GJST should be complemented.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 2003

Seventy percent ethanolic extracts from commercially available 13 legumes were made to investigated their antioxidative activities by determining the reducing power, inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation, scavenging activity against both superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical, together with inhibitory activity toward mitomycin C-induced oxidative damage of DNA. High level of reducing powers were detected in Yepat, Sokpiri, Yuweol-bean and Jeokdu. Inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation were found ubiquitously in all extracts examined when employing the linoleic acid autoxidation system, whereas, only 3 legumes, Yepat, Namul-bean and Jeenuni-bean, were revealed marked inhibition in rabbit erythrocyte-ghost membrane lipid peroxidation system. Yepat, Namul-bean, Jeokdu and Jeenuni-bean showed great scavenging activities on superoxide radical, on the other hand, high level of hydroxyl radical scavenging activities were demonstrated in Sokpiri, Chungtae, Yepat and Jebi-bean. Ubiquitous inhibitory effects on mitomycin C-induced oxidative damage on DNA were found in all extracts tested, Among them, however, Yepat, Jeenuni-bean, Namul-bean, Nokdu and Jeokdu showed the higher level of inhibition. Taken together, we could assign Yepat, Jeokdu, Jeenuni-bean and Sokpiri, for the legume species highly functional on overall antioxidative activity.

• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.258-264
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• 2003

This study examined the effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that were supplemented with vitamin E on lipid peroxidation, glutathione-dependent detoxifying enzyme system activity, and lipogenic fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression in rat liver. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed semipurified diets containing either 1% (w/w) corn oil or 10% each of beef tallow, corn oil, perilla oil, and fish oil for 4 wk. Alpha-tocopherol was supplemented in perilla oil (0.015%) and fish oil (0.019%). Hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, an estimate of lipid peroxidation, were not significantly different among the dietary groups. The glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase activities were all elevated by the polyunsaturated fats, especially fish oil. The activity of FAS was reduced in the polyunsaturated fat-fed groups in the order of fish oil, perilla oil, and corn oil. The mRNA contents decreased in rats that were fed the 10% fat diets, particularly polyunsaturated fats, compared with the rats that were fed the 1% corn oil diet. Similarly, the inhibitory effect was the greatest in fish oil. These results suggest that lipid peroxidation can be minimized by vitamin E; PUFA in itself has a suppressive effect on lipogenic enzyme.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2004

To illuminate the physiological response to salinity, barnyard grass (Echinochloa hispidula) was germinated with high concentration of NaCl and KCL. Duration and promptness of seed germination were observed. Under salt stress, lipid peroxidation and polyamine biosynthesis were also analyzed. It appeared that high salt treatments per se did not provoke an inhibition of germination although the process of germination was significantly delayed. In context of lipid peroxidation and polyamine biosynthesis, we would imply that barnyard grass is tolerant to salinity. The increase in lipid peroxidation and putrescine content was prolonged only for 1 day after saline treatment. It could be concluded that these early acciimulation of putrescine and production of lipid peroxide seems to be associated with salt tolerance in the short-term. The physiological interest of these responses was discussed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.727-733
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of arsenic ($As^{III}$) on lipid peroxidation, glutathione content and antioxidant enzymes in growing pigs. Ninety-six Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire crossbred growing pigs (48 barrows and 48 gilts, respectively) were randomly assigned to four groups and each group was randomly assigned to three pens (four barrows and four gilts). The four groups received the same corn-soybean basal diet which was supplemented with 0, 10, 20, 30 mg/kg As respectively. Arsenic was added to the diet in the form of $As_2O_3$. The experiment lasted for seventy-eight days after a seven-day adaptation period. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, glutathione (GSH) contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were analyzed in serum, livers and kidneys of pigs. The results showed that pigs treated with 30 mg As/kg diet had a decreased average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.05) and an increased feed/gain ratio (F/G) (p<0.05) compared to the controls. The levels of MDA significantly increased (p<0.05), and the contents of GSH and the activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, GR and GST significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the pigs fed 30 mg As/kg diet. The results indicated that the mechanism of arsenic-induced oxidative stress in growing pigs involved lipid peroxidation, depletion of glutathione and decreased activities of some enzymes, such as SOD, CAT, GPx, GR and GST, which are associated with free radical metabolism.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.403-412
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• 2007

This study was designed to examine the effects of Salicornia herbacea L. (glasswort: GW) on the lipid peroxidation and mineral levels in diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-220 g by an injection of streptozotocin (STZ) dissolved in a citrate buffer into the tail vein at a dose of 45 mg/kg of body weight. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an AIN-93 recommended diet and the experimental groups were fed a modified diet containing 10% and 20% of glasswort powder for 4 weeks. The experimental groups were divided into 6 groups which consisted of normal (N)-control group, N-GW 10% and N-GW 20% treated groups, STZ-control, STZ-GW 10% and STZ-GW 20% treated groups. The rats' liver and muscle glycogen, liver and kidney protein, cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) in liver, malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver and kidney values were measured, along with the hepatic of chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) content. The liver glycogen levels was significantly affected in N-GW 20% group among all the experimental groups. The liver MDA levels of the STZ-GW 10% and STZ-GW 20% groups were significantly lower than for the STZ-control group. There were significant differences between the N-control group and the STZ-control group in the hepatic of Zn levels. The hepatic of Cr levels in the N-GW 20% and STZ-GW 10% and STZ-GW 20% groups were significanly higher than for the each control groups. These results exhibited dose related effect of glasswort and it may have favorable influence on lipid peroxidation in the liver.