• Journal of the Korean Society for Advanced Composite Structures
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.64-70
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• 2015

A rapid urbanization has increased the portion of paved layer that results in the change of water circulation system. This change leads to frequent events of flooding, drought, and urban heat island. To resolve these issues, permeable pavement system based on Low Impact Development (LID) concept is being applied to international urban areas. Therefore it is necessary to establish a rational design procedure for the permeable pavement system that reflects our environmental conditions. iDue to inherent characteristics of permeable pavement system, water infiltrates thorough the layers so it may reduce the bearing capacity of sub-layers. In this study, an effort was made to investigate the effectiveness of geogrid reinforced crushed stone subbase layer based on field experimental program along with a limited numerical analysis. It reveals that geogrid reinforced sections improve the bearing capacity by close to 20%. In addition, a light weight deflectomenter (LWDT) appears to be promising for the compaction quality control of crushed stone subbase layer in order to construct qualified permeable pavement systems.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.1045-1052
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• 2006

Stormwater pollution is a major problem in urban areas. Pollutants like heavy metals and harmful chemicals in the runoff can endanger soil and ground water, when they are not sufficiently removed doting infiltration. Strength and infiltration capacity of porous concrete are the major problems that must be considered if permeable pavement system are demanded to be used in a drive way application. In this study, a series of compacted porous concrete mixtures and the system of pavement ate tested for the physical characteristics like compressive strength, flexural strength, unit weight, porosity, water permeability, and the purification capacity of contaminated water. The test results obtained indicate that the strength and infiltration capacity of porous concrete are strongly related to its matrix proportion and compaction energy and providing adequate filter layers underneath pavement surface course is one of the most important design considerations of permeable pavement system for pollution retention purpose.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.113-119
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• 2018

An extensive effort is actively being made to implement permeable pavement systems in urban or residential areas of South Korea in order to achieve efficient water circulation system based on low impact development (LID) design concept. This study aims to establish the design factors and procedure for permeable asphalt pavements structural design. Based on the review of previous studies, the 1993 AASHTO design method is found to be adequate for permeable pavements structural design. In this study, the design program based on 1993 AASHTO design procedure in conjunction with domestic roadway design standards was developed to accommodate the characteristics of permeable asphalt pavements. Primary design parameters such as structural layer coefficients of permeable materials were successfully quantified based on literature reviews and parallel analyses. Comparable design thicknesses were obtained between the developed permeable pavement design (PPD) program and Korea pavement research program (KPRP) under different levels of traffic and subgrade load bearing capacity.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.318-328
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• 2015

Effective urban flood reduction and restoration of natural water cycle at present include the application of permeable pavements. The application of permeable pavement addresses urban water cycle and disaster related events which gained attention internationally. However, few researches have been conducted to investigate unsaturated behavior and evaluate the water characteristics curves of these type of pavement materials most especially in the unsaturated state. In this study, first the saturated permeability and the soil-water characteristics curve of a pervious concrete are evaluated based on laboratory tests, and, based on experimental results, the infiltration of permeable pavement system is numerically modelled. In the soil-water characteristics curve of a pervious concrete, the volumetric water content drops very steeply after the air entry value with increasing matric suction. From the finite element analyses, the performance of the permeable pavement when compared to impermeable pavement, confirmed that the whole system effectively delayed and reduced runoff.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.206-219
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• 2020

As urbanization and impermeable areas have increased, stormwater and non-point pollutants entering the stream have increased. Additionally, in the case of the old town comprising a combined sewer pipe system, there is a problem of stream water pollution caused by the combined sewer overflow. To resolve this problem, many cities globally are pursuing an environmentally friendly low impact development strategy that can infiltrate, evaporate, and store rainwater. This study analyzed the expected effects and efficiency when the LID facility was installed as a measure to improve hydrologic cycle and water quality in the Oncheon stream in Busan. The EPA-SWMM, previously calibrated for hydrological and water quality parameters, was used, and standard parameters of the LID facilities supported by the EPA-SWMM were set. Benchmarking the green infrastructure plan in New York City, USA, has created various installation scenarios for the LID facilities in the Oncheon stream drainage area. The installation and maintenance cost of the LID facility for scenarios were estimated, and the effect of each LID facility was analyzed through a long-term EPA-SWMM simulation. Among the applied LID facilities, the infiltration trench showed the best effect, and the bio-retention cell and permeable pavement system followed. Conversely, in terms of cost-efficiency, the permeable pavement systems showed the best efficiency, followed by the infiltration trenches and bio-retention cells.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.359-365
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• 2017

Impermeable surfaces such as transportation land uses including roads and parking lots accumulate high heavy metals and particulate matters concentration especially during dry season which worsens the river water quality and distort the water circulation system during rainfall events. Recently, the government has been promoting policies to install Low Impact Development (LID) facilities such as permeable pavements or grass blocks in parking lots or pavements. However, transition of asphalt-paved surfaces to permeable pavement generated asphalt wastes which are detrimental to the environment and has cost implications due to its removal and disposal. Therefore this study was conducted to provide a method of constructing a cost-effective permeable pavement to reduce waste generation and cost. In this study, comparative analysis of the water circulation capacity and economic efficiency of the traditional construction method and new method proposed in this study through the lab-scale experiment. The proposed method was to make holes in existing asphalt pavements, layout geotextile fabric and permeable base media such as sand before compaction. After compaction, layout grass blocks on the compacted base media then layout sand in between each grass blocks before compaction. Apparently, there was no significant difference between the traditional installation method of permeable pavement and the proposed method in this study considering surface runoff, infiltrated volume, stored volume, and rainfall-runoff delay time. The proposed method in this study generated 86% less wastes compared to the traditional installation method and has 70% cost reduction considering asphalt removal and disposal. The construction method proposed in this study yielded similar performance compared to the traditional installation method and water circulation effect, but was proven to be less complicated and economical.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.447-453
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• 2018

Since 1960, Korea the town center was developed intensively due to rapid industrial development. As a result of the development, the population was concentrated in urban areas and the green area was decreased. Due to the decrease of the green area, the circulation system of the rainwater was changed, hence the rainwater was not introduced into the groundwater., On the other hand, the water on the surface of the road was changed into the water for flowing to the river and evaporation. The changes in the water flow cause many problems, and the depletion of the groundwater does not create an environment in which microorganisms and plants can live. in Korea, permeable pavement construction is increased to solve these problems, but existing pavement blocks have many problems. The pores of the permeable block are clogged due to the accumulation of dust or whitening phenomenon, and the permeability is lost. In this study, the solution of the problems of existing permeable block were suggested by using polymer and artificial permeable pipe, and strength, permeability and service life are increased, The relationship between the substitution rate of the polymer and the mixing ratio of the artificial permeable pipe was analyzed.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.11
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• pp.969-977
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• 2022

In order to respond to the increase in water disasters due to climate change and urbanization, research on low impact development (LID) techniques and application to cities are expanding. The LID technique is a technology that reduces rainwater runoff in the city, controls various water disasters such as flash floods, etc. in an eco-friendly way, and restores the urban water circulation system to a natural water circulation system. However, quantitative analysis of stormwater runoff reduction through the LID technique is insufficient. Therefore, this study analyzed the ratio of the permeable area required to reduce the surface runoff of rainfall (25 mm/hr, 50 mm/hr, 100 mm/hr) with respect to the impervious watershed area of the old city using the permeable pavement. As a result of the analysis, it was found that a permeable area ratio of 7.14 to 12.63% of the total area was required for 25 mm/hr, 15.79 to 26.97% for 50 mm/hr, and 30 to 55.81% for 100 mm/hr.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.296-302
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• 2017

Generally, a parking lot is constructed using asphalt or concrete. Such materials are impermeable, which means that a parking lot will directly release pollutants to any nearby water system during a rainfall event. An increased quantity of nonpoint source pollutants harms the ecohydrological system and causes further environmental damage leading to dysfunctional water circulation systems. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the design and application of Low Impact Development (LID) systems that allow more effective prevention of water circulation problems and management of nonpoint source pollution. This study aims to support such efforts by analyzing a permeable paver parking lot constructed using one of the LID techniques and comparing it to a conventional one in terms of the concentration of pollutants, nonpoint source pollution load and runoff rainfall lag effects during a rainfall event; it could serve as a reference for the construction of permeable paver parking lots in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.17 no.4 s.88
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• pp.595-602
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to utilize recycled concrete aggregates as permeable pavement materials. This study evaluates mechanical properties and durability of porous concrete depending on mixing rates of recycled aggregates and polyme. As a result, void ratio and permeability coefficient of porous concrete for pavement increased a little as mixing rate of recycled aggregates increased. Void ratio and permeability coefficient increased a lot as mixing rate of polymer increased. As polymer was mixed $20\%$, national regulation of permeable concrete for pavement($8\%$ and 0.01cm/sec) was met. Compressive strength and flexural strength decreased as mixing rate of recycled aggregates increased but they increased a lot as mixing rate of polymer increased. Even when recycled aggregates were mixed $75\%\;with\;10\%$ polymer mixed, national regulation of pavement concrete(18MPa and 4.5MPa) was met. In addition, regarding sliding resistance, BPN increased as mixing rate of recycled aggregates increased. But BPN decreased as polymer was mixed. Compared to crushed stone aggregates, abrasion resistance and freeze-thaw resistance decreased as mixing rate of recycled aggregates Increased. When polymer was mixed, abrasion resistance and freeze-thaw resistance improved remarkably. Compared to non-mixture, $10\%$ mixture of polymer improved abrasion resistance and freeze-thaw resistance about $8.6\%$ and 3.8times respectively.