• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.877-883
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• 2006

The immunostimulatory activities of Lactobacillus plantarum, the major microorganism in kimchi fermentations were investigated. Five strains of L. plantarum exhibited weak immunopotentiating activity, but L. plantarum PS-21 showed as strong a mitogenic activity as Bifidobacterium adolescentis M101-4, a known positive strain. It is of interest that, L. plantarum PS-21 stimulated proliferation of Peyer's patch cells, one of the most important tissues in the gut-associated lymphoreticular system. Cell' wall fractions from L. plantarum PS-21 also showed strong mitogenic activity compared with the soluble cytoplasmic fraction. A peptidoglycan fraction (PG) extracted from the cell wall of L. plantarum PS-21 was identified as an active mitogenic component when used in murine lymph node and spleen cell test systems. PG showed dose-dependent mitogenic activity and significantly enhanced antibody production in lymph node cells when studied in vitro. The lysosomal enzyme activity of murine peritoneal macrophages was increased when analyzed following injection of PG to the host animal. Furthermore, PG enhanced the production of cytokines such ($TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6) in the in vitro culture of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.267-271
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• 2002

The purpose of this research was to investigate the immunoregulatory effect, apoptosis of L 1210 leukemia cells of Comus officinalis Sieb.et Zucc. The proliferation of cultured splenocytes and thymocytes were enhanced by the addition of SSY. Splenic, thymic and mesenteric lymph node-T lymphocytes, especially TH cells was significantly increased in SSY-administered (p.o. for 7 days) mice. SSY treatment induced the apoptosis of L1210 mouse leukemia cells. In addition, SSY accelerated the phagocytic activity and nitric oxide production in peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that SSY have an immuno-regulatory property and anti-cancer effect.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.477-487
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• 1998

To clarify the activating effects of Scolopendrae corpus on immunological function, its effect on primary and secondary antibodies production in mice of various ages was investigated. Scolopendrae corpus increased the number of both antibody producing cells(anti-IgM and anti-IgG producing plaque forming cells, PFC) and phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophage. Futhermore, these phenomena were significantly increased with aging in mice. Scolopendrae corpus also increased natural killer cell activity concerning to cancer immunology. These results suggest that Scolopendrae corpus markedly increases the reduced activity in the elderly and activates the immune response in senescence mice.

• 생약학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.173-178
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• 1998

The oral administration of Aurantii nobilis pericarpium (ANP) extract and Aurantii immaturi pericarpium (AIP) extract suppressed the cell viability of both thymocytes and splenocytes in BALB/c mice. The ANP extract (500 mg/kg) enhanced the population of $B220^+$ cells, and the AIP also enhanced the population of B220+ and Thy-1+ cells in splenocytes. The AIP extract enhanced the population of $CD4-CD8^+$ cells in splenic T-lymphocytes. However, the ANP did not affect, whereas the AIP enhanced the phagocytic activity and the nitric oxide production in peritoneal macrophages.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.253-258
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• 2007

In experimental lung metastasis of colon26-M3.1 carcinoma cells, we found that the prophylactic or therapeutic admini-stration of Inonotus obliquus extracts significantly inhibited lung metastasis. In an in vitro cytotoxicity analysis, the extracts did not affect colon26-M3.1 cell growth at concentrations up to 1000 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Peritoneal macrophages that were stimulated with the extracts produced $TNF-{\alpha}$. These data suggest that Inonotus obliquus extract has antitumor activity to inhibit tumor metastasis, and its antitumor effects are partially associated with macrophages activation.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1140-1148
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• 2017

For the purpose of developing new immunomodulatory agents from broccoli, ethanol extract (BCEE), hot water extract (BCHW), and crude polysaccharide (BCCP) were isolated from broccoli, and their immunomodulatory activities and chemical properties were examined. In the in vitro cytotoxicity analysis, BCHW and BCCP did not affect the growth of tumor cells and normal cells. Murine peritoneal macrophages stimulated with BCCP showed higher production of IL-6, IL-12, and $TNF-{\alpha}$ cytokines than those stimulated with BCHW. Also, BCHW and BCCP did not show proliferation of splenic lymphocytes. In the in vitro assay for intestinal immunomodulatory activities, only BCCP enhanced GM-CSF secretion and the bone marrow cell-proliferating activity via cells in Peyer's patches at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. Also, BCHW mainly contained 33.7% neutral sugars, such as arabinose, glucose, and galactose, and 30.7% uronic acid, and BCCP consisted of 42.6% neutral sugars, including arabinose, galactose, and glucose, and 50.5% uronic acid. The above results lead us to conclude that crude polysaccharide (BCCP) isolated from broccoli causes considerably high cytokine production in peritoneal macrophages and bone marrow cell proliferation, and the polysaccharide extraction process is indispensable for separation of new immunomodulatory agents from broccoli.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.26-36
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• 2005

Objective : Many traditional herbal remedies exhibit several beneficial effects including anti-inflammation. Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb (EA), known as Gui jun woo in Korea, has long been used in folk medicine to regulate Qi (bodily energy) and blood circulation, relieve pain, eliminate stagnant blood, and treat dysmenorrhea in oriental countries. The exact mechanism of the anti-inflammatory action of Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb (EA), however, has not been determined. Methods: Since there is increasing evidence that nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, this study was undertaken to address whether the methanol (MeOH) extract and its fractions of the bark of EA could modulate the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in thioglycollate-elicited murine peritoneal macrophages and murine macrophage cell line, RA W264.7 cells. Results: Stimulation of the peritoneal macrophages and RAW264.7 cells with $interferon-\gamma\;(IFN-\gamma)$ and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in increased production of NO in the medium. However, the butanol (BuOH) fraction of the MeOH extract of EA barks showed marked inhibition of NO synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of NO synthesis was reflected in the decreased amount of iNOS protein, as determined by Western blotting. The BuOH fraction did not affect the viability of RA W264.7 cells, as assessed by methylthiazol-2-yl-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; rather, it reduced endogenous NO-induced apoptotic cell death via inhibition of NO synthesis in RAW264.7 cells. On the other hand, the MeOH and BuOH fraction showed no inhibitory effect on the synthesis of NO by RAW264.7 cells, when iNOS was already expressed by the stimulation with $IFN-\gamma$ and LPS. Conclusion: Collectively, these results demonstrate that the MeOH and BuOH fraction inhibits NO synthesis by inhibition of the induction of iNOS in murine macrophages.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 1985

조개느타리 Pleurotus pulmonarius을 액내 배양하여 항암 성분인 단백성 다당체를 얻었다. 이 성분의 항암 효과는 20 mg/kg/day 투여군에서 51.0 %의 저지율을 나타내었다. 또한 단백성 다당체는 DEAE-Sephadex 이온 교환수지와 Sephadex G-200을 이용하여 정제하였고 여기서 Fraction $C_1$인 항암성분을 얻었다. 이 항암성분은 다당체와 단백질로 구성되어 있었으며 항암 효과는 10 mg/kg/day 투여군에서 81.8 %의 저지율을 보였다. 이런 항암작용의 기전을 알기 위해 복강내에 Fraction $C_1$을 투여하고 이에 대한 복강세포의 증가를 관찰한 결과 면역세포 중 macrophage의 증가가 두드러겼으며 이는 soluble starch와 비교해 볼 때 훨씬 많은 macrophage 증가 효과가 있음을 증명하였다. 이 성분을 pulmonaran이라 명명하였다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2010

Objective : Sinapis alba L. (SA) is a korean traditional herbal medicine that is usually used to prevent or treat inflammatory diseases, such as respiratory infection and rheumatoid arthritis. However, the effects of SA supplementation in vitro on serum antibody levels, splenocyte and peritoneal macrophage immune responses have not yet been determined. In this study, we examined the effect of SA on the production of Th1/Th2 cytokines. Methods : Splenocytes were isolated from naive C57BL/6 mice. Cells were enriched for CD4+ cell populations by first staining the cells with anti-CD4 (BD PharMingen, Calif, USA). CD4+ T cells were selected on a (CS) column, and the flow-through was collected as CD4+ T cells. Isolated cells were activated by overnight incubation on 24-well plates coated with $1{\mu}g/mL$ anti-CD3, $1{\mu}g/mL$ anti-CD28 and with SA ($100{\mu}g/mL$). Primary macrophages were collected from the peritoneal cavities of mice (8-week-old female C57BL/6). The peritoneal macrophages were washed and plated with RPMI-1640 overnight for the experiments. After 48-hours cultures, samples were centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 10 minutes, and the supernatants were stored at $-80^{\circ}C$. Mouse IL-4, IFN-$\gamma$ and TNF-$\alpha$ were quantified using ELISA kits (BioSource International, Camarillo, Calif, USA) according to the manufacturer's protocols. Results : SA at 100ug/ml decreased the generation of Th1 cytokine (IFN-$\gamma$) by 0.5-fold. However, SA has no effect on Th2 (IL-4) production. Conclusions : These results suggest that SA may play an important role in the control of T-cell-mediated autoimmunity by down-regulation of Th1 cytokine (especially IFN-$\gamma$, TNF-$\alpha$). These data may contribute to the design of new immunomodulating treatments for a group of autoimmune diseases.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.267-273
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• 2010

As the use of carbon fullerene increases in the chemical industry, the concern over its biological and toxicological effects is also increasing. In this study, the suspension of carbon fullerene (C60) in phosphate buffered saline was prepared and toxicity was investigated using cultured RAW 264.7 and in intraperitoneally injected mice, respectively. The average size of carbon fullerene in the suspension was $53.7{\pm}26.5nm$ when determined by particle size analyzer. Cell viability was significantly decreased by the exposure of carbon fullerene ($0.25\sim2.00\;{\mu}g/ml$) for 96 hrs in the cultured RAW 264.7 cells. Intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) level was also decreased compared to the level of the non-treated control group during the exposure period, while the level of nitric oxide was increased. When mice were intraperitoneally injected with carbon fullerene, serum cytokine levels of IL-1 and IL-6 were increased with the increased expression of inflammatory genes in peritoneal macrophage and T cell distribution in blood lymphocytes. The results suggested inflammatory responses were induced by carbon fullerene.