• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.195-201
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• 2002

Background: IgE is closely related to the development of allergies. However, the poor relationship between the specific IgE level and the severity of allergic diseases suggests the possibility of functionally different IgE isoforms. With this in mind, rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-2H3 activation was analyzed with each type of rat IgE for two parameters, exocytosis and IL-4 mRNA production. RBL-2H3 has been well documented in the rat mucosal mast cell line. Methods: RBL-2H3 cells sensitized with each kind of rat IgE was activated by cross-linking FcRI with B5 (monoclonal anti-rat IgE mouse IgG antibodies). The RBL-2H3 exocytosis was measured by analyzing the ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase level, and the level of IL-4 mRNA synthesis was analyzed using semiquantitative RT-PCR. Rat IgE, which was produced by a parasite infection (REP), was prepared using either Paragonimus westermani metacercariae (REP-PW) or Anisakis simplex third stage larvae (REP-AS). A rat IgE prototype of IR162 was prepared by a peritoneal injection of immunocytoma. Results: The level of exocytosis showed a linear relationship with the rat IgE concentration when REP-PW or REP-AS was applied. However, it exhibited a biphasic response with IR162. In addition, the time course of heating at $56^{\circ}C$ illustrated the similarity between REP-PW and REP-AS, which differed from that of IR162. In contrast, the level of IL-4 mRNA synthesis in the RBL-2H3 cells with IR162 was comparable to that of either REP-PW or REP-AS. Conclusion: These results suggest that functionally different rat IgE isoforms exists in RBL-2H3 exocytosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.3907-3912
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• 2015

Purpose: To investigate the antitumor activity and mechanism of chloroquine (CQ) in combination with cisplatin (DDP) in nude mice xenografted with gastric cancer SGC7901 cells. Materials and Methods: 35 cases of gastric cancer patients with malignant ascites were enrolled and intraperitoneal cisplatin injection was performed. Ascites were collected before and 5 days after perfusion for assessment of autophagy levels in cancer cells. In addition, 24 tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into control, DDP, CQ and CQ + DDP groups. Results: In 54.3% (19/35) of patients the treatment was therapeutically effective (OR), 5 days after peritoneal chemotherapy, 13 patients had the decreased ascites Beclin-1 mRNA levels. In 16 patients who had NR, only 2 cases had decreased Beclin-1 (P=0.001). Compared with the control group, the xenograft growth in nude mice in the DDP group was low, and the inhibition rate was 47.6%. In combination with chloroquine, the inhibition rate increased to 84.7% (P<0.01). The LC3-II/I ratio, and Beclin1 and MDR1/P-gp expression were decreased, while caspase 3 protein levels increased (P<0.05). Conclusions: Antitumor ability of cisplatin was associated with autophagy activity and chloroquine can enhance chemosensitivity to cisplatin in gastric cancer xenografts nude mice.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2007

Fresh unripe whole fruits of Luffa tuberosa (Roxb.) or Momordica tuberosa (Roxb.) Cogn. (Cucurbitaceae) were evaluated for the antidiabetic and hyperlipidemic potential in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by administration of intra-peritoneal injection of streptozotocin at a dose of 55 mg/kg body weight. After the induction of diabetes aqueous extract of L.tuberosa (AELT) was administered orally at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg. body weight/day for a period of 14 days. The Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, serum insulin levels, changes in body weight, food and liquid intake were measured. In diabetic rats, the AELT exhibited significant reduction in blood glucose levels. Biochemical assay of plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), glycogen content and glucose-6-phosphatase activity in liver were assessed. Antihyperlipidemia in diabetic rats after the extract supplementation was confirmed by significant reduction in the levels of above mentioned hyperlipidemic indicators. This study focus on the efficacy of L.tuberosa fruits for the management of experimental STZ induced diabetic rats and provides the scientific basis of ancient herbal therapy and use of these fruits as vegetable.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2000

The anti-oxidative effects of Korean red ginseng extracts (total saponine, water extracts, alcohol extracts, lipophilic extracts), which were administered with the concentration of 200 mg/kg BW, were investigated after the injection of paraquat (1,1-dimethyl-4,4-bipyrimidinium dichloride: PQ) with dosage of 100 mg/kg BW on the peritoneal cavity to 6 weeks of 23~26 gm ICR male mice. The accumulation of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O$$_2$) on the liver of mouse was lowered only in alcohol extract-treated group (p<0.05). The activity of glutathione peroxidase increased in the mouse treated with lipophilic ginseng extracts. And GSSG level was lowered in all groups, and this might be due to the paraquat ions that might prevent the reaction of GSSG into GSH. But we cannot find any relation between glutathione oxide-reductase activity on Korean ginseng extracts. Finally, the lipid peroxidation (MDA) level was lowest (p<0.01) in the group of mouse treated with water extracts of ginseng.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.292-295
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• 2006

The diagnosis of chronic abdominal pain due to abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment can be elusive. Tenderness in patients with abdominal pain is naturally assumed to be of either peritoneal or visceral origin. Studies have shown that some patients suffer from prolonged pain in the abdominal wall and are often misdiagnosed, even after unnecessary and expensive diagnostic tests, including potentially dangerous invasive procedures, and treated as having a visceral source for their complaints, even in the presence of negative X-ray findings and atypical symptoms. Abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome is rarely diagnosed, which is possibly due to failure to recognize the condition rather than the lack of occurrence. The accepted treatment for abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome is a local injection, with infiltration of anesthetic agents coupled with steroids. Careful history taking and physical examination, in conjunction with the use of trigger zone injections, can advocate the diagnosis of abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment and preclude any unnecessary workup of these patients. Herein, 3 cases of abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome, which were successfully treated with local anesthetics and steroid, are reported.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.71-84
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• 1983

This study was made to investigate the ultrastructural changes of the hepatocyte of the maternal liver, and fetal liver by Actinomycin D in Wistar rats at the stage of pregnancy. Peritoneal injection of Actinomycin D to rats carried out gestation day 7 to 9 at the level of $15{\mu}g(11.5{\mu}g/100g$ body wt.), $20{\mu}g(15.8{\mu}g/100g$ body wt.) on each day. Treated animals with saline only were used for controls. Animals were sacrificed on day 15 of gestation. On electron microscopic examination, the hepatocytes of maternal liver given Actinomycin D $15{\mu}g$/ml had evidence of serious cellular damage, for example, hypertrophy of rough endoplasmic reticulum, loss in nucleolar osmiophilia, swelling of Golgi apparatus and change of mitochondrial structure. Maternal liver given Actinomycin D $20{\mu}g/ml$ shown similar changes to that of the $15{\mu}g/ml$ treated animals. But mitochondria of this group were not changed than that of $15{\mu}g/ml$ treated group. In the hepatocytes of fetal liver, changes were more pronounced. The drug produced alteration in nuclei and cytoplasm. The rough endoplasmic reticulum was swollen and there were ribosomes detachement. In addition, damages of mitochondria, Golgi apparatus were detected.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.439-449
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• 1998

Anal Therapy is another way of taking medicine. It is a traditional pathway but not available in common situation. Nevertheless, It has many benifect and usefulness, it has not treated so much. Through Anal Therapy, the valid compound of Herb med can be reach to the desination in theory of the organism and loca1 medical action. The former is called Jung-Chei Theory(整體論), which is the one of the most important basements in building traditional Korean medicine. As there are many kinds of Anal therapy, this study use reservation type. Sosihotang(SSHT) is one of the well-known korean medicines for a long time. It is used for the treatment of such dieases as infectious diseases, hepatic diseases and gastroenteritis and so on. In this study, the author investigated the effect of an aqueous extract of SSHT by Anal therapy(Reservative Enema) in anaphylactic shock. The following results were obtained 1. SSHT inhibited anaphylactic shock 100% with a dose of 1.0 g/kg 1 hr before intraperitoneal injection of compound 48/80. SSHT significantly reduced serum histamine contents induced by compound 48/80. 2. SSHT (0.1 g/kg) also inhibited to 30.9% (P<0.05)) local cutaneous anaphylactic reaction activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE. 3. The validity rate of reservative enema is as much as oral pathway. 4. In addition, SSHT dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from the peritoneal mast cells by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. These results provide evidence that Anal Therapy(Reservative enema) of SSHT may be beneficial in the treatment of systemic and local anaphylactic reaction. Moreover, I wish another much sincere study of Anal Therapy (Reservative enema) would be obtained.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.176-181
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• 2005

Our previous reports demonstrated that ip. administration of Korean red ginseng acidic polysaccharide (RGAP) exerts antitumor activity In mice. The present study was carried out to compare the effects of ip. and p.o. routes of administration of RGAP on either normal or tumor-bearing BALB/c mice. RGAP was administered either ip. or p.o. at doses of 100, 300, 500, 1000 mg/kg for 1 or 5 weeks. Peritoneal macrophages from mice treated with RGAP p.o. at a dose of 300 mg/kg either for 1 or 5 weeks did not exhibit growth inhibition activity toward WEHI-I64 tumor cells. However, administration of RGAP at a dose of 600 mg/kg for both 1 and 5 weeks increased the antitumor activity of macrophages. Oral administration of RGAP (600 mg/kg) for 5 weeks and ip. administration of RGAP (300 mg/kg) for 1 week resulted in antitumor activities of $40\%$ and $45\%$, respectively, indicating that the effect of i.p. injection is more potent 2 and 5 times than that of p.o. one in terms of dose and duration, respectively. Tumor inhibition rates of RGAP at doses of 300, 500, 1000 mg/kg in mice transplanted with B16-F10 melanoma were 4.4, 12.0, and $45.4\%$, respectively, meaning that p.o. dose higher than 500 mg/kg possess marked antitumor activity. The results above suggests that p.o. administration of RGAP also show antitumor activity in vivo depending on the dose.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.416-418
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• 2009

The hepatoprotective effect of Cordyceps militaris culture broth was determined using HaM/ICR strain mice. Compared to control, the intra-peritoneal injection of benzo($\alpha$)pyrene (B($\alpha$)P) remarkably increased the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the serum and the level of lipid peroxide (LPO) in liver tissue, which mean the liver was damaged by B($\alpha$)P. However, compared to B($\alpha$)P, oral administration of C. militaris culture broth showed decrement of AST, ALT, and LPO activities and increment GST activity and GSH level in liver tissue. These suggest that C. militaris culture broth recovered hepatic damage induced by B($\alpha$)P.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.952-959
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• 1998

To investigate the effect of sea tangle on macrophage activity in normal and diabetic states, 10week old ICR mice were fed control(C) and sea tangle(S) diet containing 5%(w/w) cellulose and 13.6%(w/w) dry sea tangle for four weeks, after which two thirds of mice(CD and SD) were made diabetic by intramuscular injection of streptozotocin(150mg/kg bw). At 4th day after diabetes was apparent by urinary glucose, one half of diabetic mice(CDM and SDM) were treated with metformin(500mg/kg bw) orally. Peritoneal macrophages obtained from 3%-thioglycollate treated mice were cultured in the presence of lipopolysaccaride from Salmonella abortus equi(10$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) for 24 hrs and tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$(TNF$\alpha$), interleukin-1$\beta$(1L-1$\beta$)and prostaglandin E2(PGE2) were measured in culture media. Release of IL-1$\beta$and PGE2 from macrophage were increased in normal mice by sea tangle diet and had the same tedency in diabetic mice with or without metformin treatment although not statistically significant. Release of TNF$\alpha$ tended to be reduced by diabetes but were not changed significantly by sea tangle diet. Fatty acid compositions of macrophage and liver phospholipids showed that diabetes reduced arachidonic acid/linoleic acid ratio and sea tangle diet appeared to increase contentsof polyunsaturated fatty acids.