• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

Purpose : This study aimed to compare peripheral pulse oxygen saturation (SpO₂) values, measured at different monitoring sites, and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO₂) of neurocritical patients. Methods : The study included 110 patients admitted to the neurosurgical intensive care unit of a university hospital. The patients' SpO₂ values were measured in their index fingers, both second toes, both earlobes, and foreheads, using the patient monitoring system. These values were compared with the standard value of SaO₂ measured using a blood gas analyzer. Data were analyzed using descriptive values, Pearson's correlation coefficients, Lin's concordance correlation coefficients (CCC), and Bland-Altman plots. Result : Regardless of the measuring site, SpO₂ was correlated with the paired measurements of SaO₂ (r=.40~.60, p<.001, CCC range=.40~.58). No significant bias in paired measurements of SpO₂ and SaO₂ was observed at all sites (-0.06~0.19%, p>.05). SpO₂ values at the left finger and right earlobe had the narrowest range, with a 95% limits of agreement (LOA) (left finger -3.04~2.93% and right earlobe -3.18~2.79%). SpO₂ at the index finger, on the side without an arterial catheter, had a narrower range of 95% LOA than that of the opposing finger (-3.00~2.97% vs. -3.73~3.26%). Conclusion : SpO₂ at the finger without an arterial catheter had the highest level of precision. This study suggests using the index finger, on the side without an arterial catheter, for pulse oximetry in neurocritical patients.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.430-435
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• 2008

The main cause of diabetic neuropathy, one of the most debilitating complications, is the chronic hyperglycemia, the increase sorbitol or the decrease of nerve growth factor(NGF). NGF, a protein, plays a major role in the development and maintenance of peripheral nervous system. Systemic administration of NGF prevents manifestations of neuropathy in rodent models of diabetic neuropathy. In the previous investigation, we report the hypoglycemia effect of Dioscorea rhizoma extract(DRE) in diabetic mice. The present study shows protective effect of DRE on diabetic neuropathy by induction of NGF protein. We investigated the NGF level in salivary gland and sciatic nerve of normal mouse and the effect of DRE on sciatic nerve conductivity and thermal hyperalgesia test in Type 2 db/db mouse. DRE increased endogenous NGF level in salivary gland and sciatic nerve of mouse. And sensory nerve conductivity velocity(SNCV), motor nerve conductivity velocity(MNCV) and thermal hyperalgesia increased in DRE treatment mice compared with control group. On the basis of our results, we conclude that DRE increase induction of endogenous NGF level and have protective effect on diabetic neuropathy by induction of NGF. Therefore, we propose that long-term use of DRE might help prevention of diabetes-associated complication; diabetic neuropathy.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.583-591
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• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate the pathogenesis of canine herpesvirus(CHV) infection in dogs. The 17 puppies, one day old, delivered from CHV seronegative 3 dams were divided into two groups. The 13 puppies were inoculated intranasally with 1ml of CHV-KK inoculum($5{\times}10^{5.6}TCID_{50}/ml$) and 4 puppies were served as control. And then the puppies were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6 and 7 days after the treatment, and sampled nasal mucosa, trigeminal nerve, trigeminal ganglion, bone marrow, eye, brain and other major organs for the immunohistochemical examination. Distribution of CHV antigens was limited in cytoplasms and nuclei of necrotic nasal epthelia at 2 days after infection. At 4 days after infection, CHV antigens were detected in vascular walls and peripheral nerves of nasal lamina propria, reticuloendothelial cells of spleen, interstitium of kidney, leptomeningeal vascular walls and alveolar walls, At 6 and 7 days after infection, CHV antigens were detected in all of the necrotic area. CHV antigens were also detected in vascular endothelial cells of various organs and in blood leukocytes from 4 days after infection. Among the six puppies in which necrotic lesions of central nervous system were observed, CHV antigens were detected in trigeminal ganglion, trigeminal nerve and ventroposteriomedial nucleus of four puppies and in spinal trigeminal nucleus of three puppies. These results indicate that the generalized focal necrosis of all organs including brain and eyes in canine herpesvirus infection were resulted from generalized vasculitis with leukocyte-associated viremia, and also the hemonecrotizing meningoencephalitis was resulted from spreading of CHV via blood and nerve trunk.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2000

Background: Partial nerve injury to a peripheral nerve may induce the development of neuropathic pain which is characterized by symptoms such as spontaneous burning pain, allodynia and hyperalgesia. Though underlying mechanism has not fully understood, sensitization of dorsal horn neurons may contribute to generate such symptoms. Nitric oxide acts as an inter- and intracellular messenger in the nervous system and is produced from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Evidence is accumulating which indicate that nitric oxide may mediate nociceptive information transmission. Recently, it has been reported that NOS inhibitor suppresses neuropathic pain behavior in an neuropathic pain animal model. This study was conducted to determine whether nitric oxide could be involved in the sensitization of dorsal horn neurons in neuropathic animal model. Methods: Neuropathic animal model was made by tightly ligating the left L5 and L6 spinal nerves and we examined the effects of iontophoretically applied NOS inhibitor (L-NAME) on the dorsal horn neuron's responses to mechanical stimuli within the receptive fields. Results: In normal animals, NOS inhibitor (L-NAME) specifically suppressed the responses to the noxious mechanical stimuli. In neuropathic animals, the dorsal horn neuron's responses to mechanical stimuli were enhanced and NOS inhibitor suppressed the dorsal horn neuron's enhanced responses to non-noxious stimuli as well as those to noxious ones. Conclusions: These results suggest that nitric oxide may mediate nociceptive transmission in normal animal and also mediate sensitization of dorsal horn neurons in neuropathic pain state.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.506-511
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• 2005

Hiccup is a common clinical symptom, and may be caused from over 100 medical origins. Generally hiccup happens temporarily, and continues only a few seconds or minutes, and is cured easily by physical methods or even by itself. But in some cases, hiccup is so refractory that patients may be tired and very troubled by it. At worst, it may cause death. Intractable hiccup is defined as hiccup persisting for more than 48 hours, and this appears in various diseases. Persistent hiccup is very difficult to treat by conventional methods. A 69-year-old man was admitted due to intractable hiccup without gastroenteral system abnormalities or peripheral nervous systemic involvement. So Paljung-san(八正散) was prescribed. The intensity and frequency of hiccup dramatically improved.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.274-280
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• 1999

중추신경계와 말초신경계의 손상으로 인한 다양한 기전에 의해서 신경병성 통증이 생길 수 있다. 특정한 질병과 관련된 기전에 의해서 생기는 경우는 거의 없고, 진단과는 상관없이 한 환자에서 여러 가지 기전이 동시에 관여하여 생긴다. 신경병성 통증은 신경학적 검사와 환자의 문진으로부터 쉽게 진단할 수 있으나 치료는 아직 만족할 만하지 못하다. 신경병성 통증의 치료가 어렵다 하더라도 의사가 치료시 문제점을 완전히 이해하고 있다면 적절한 치료에 도달될 수 있을 것이다. 적절한 약물의 선택은 환자마다 효과가 있는 약제, 용량, 혈중농도 등이 각기 다르기 때문에 치료의 시도와 실패의 반복을 통해서 얻어질 수 있다. 효과가 있다고 알려진 각 약물들의 적절한 치료연구는 신경병성 통증의 약물치료에 있어 핵심일 것이다. 삼환계 항우울제는 일차약물로 알려져 있고 이에 대한 효과가 만족스럽지 못할 경우에는 항경련제, 국소마취성 항부정맥제제, clonidine, 마약성 진통제, 국소도포제 순으로 사용해 볼 수 있다. Venlafaxine, nefazodone 같은 항우울제가 최근에 삼환계 항우울제 보다 부작용이 적고 비슷한 효과가 있으며, 항경련제인 gabapentine도 효과있는 약물로 널리 사용되고 있다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.367-375
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to announce the present condition, walking training, and adaptable training of a limb amputated patient. The study is a successful report of the limb amputated patient through the medical treatment of the physical therapy. A cause of the limb amputated patient, a truck driver, was that the patient was hit by a train when the driver alight from the truck. Then, the driver was surgical operated on left AK (Above Knee) amputation and left AE (Above Elbow) amputation by orthopedics at the Young Dong Severance Hospital on Dec.7, 1996. Two weeks after the operation (Dec., 22, 1996), the patient was trained at the Yonsei Medical Center Physical Therapy Hospital for the walking and temper adjust training. It was possible to do a flat surface walking and a slope surface walking without helping due to the patients optimistic personal character and motivation. However, the patient struggled to a dull surface walking and his weak endurance. the patient has several problems when the patient wears artificial legs and hands, fears on fall down, and mentally worries on noise when he walks. It is necessary to approach for this problems by many fields of the helpers, such as Rehabilitation medical doctor, physical therapist, occupational therpist, artificial limbs makers, psychologists, and etc. Therefore, in order for recovering from the amputated parts function after the surgical operation, more approved reports have to be for the amputated patients due to increasing traffic accidents, industrial disaster, cancer, diabetes, obstacles of the peripheral nervous system, and etc.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2000

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a gastrointestinal hormone which plays an important role in satiety and gastric motility. It is also widely distributed throughout the central nervous system, where it appears to be involved in the central control of anxiety, feeding behavior and nociception. Two distinct CCK receptor types, $CCK_A$ and $CCK_B,$ have been found in the brain. Both CCK receptors coexist in the rat nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), which is the primary center for the coordination of peripheral and central activities related to gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and respiratory functions. In order to study ionic actions of CCK on each type of receptor, we investigated the effects of CCK-8S on neurons located in the NTS of the rat using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in brainstem slices. Application of CCK-8S, under current clamp, produced a membrane depolarization accompanied by action potential firing. This CCK-evoked excitation was dose-dependent $(10\;nM{\sim}10\;{\mu}M)$ and observed in more than 60% of NTS neurons. Under voltage clamp conditions, CCK-8S induced an inward current with a notably increased spontaneous excitatory synaptic activity. However, CCK-8S did not significantly change the amplitude of pharmacologically isolated and evoked EPSP(C)s. Using selective $CCK_A$ and $CCK_B$ receptor antagonists, we observed two different effects of CCK-8S, which suggest $CCK_A$ receptor-mediated inhibitory and $CCK_B$ receptor-mediated excitatory effects in the NTS. These results may help to explain the ability of CCK to modulate gastrointestinal and other reflex systems in the NTS.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 1988

These studies were taken experimentally to clarify the clinical and histopathological findings of listeriosis in Korean native goat(KNC). Four KNGs of 4 to 5 months of age were inoculated orally or in-travenously (IV) with Listeria monocytogenes isolated from a field case of KNG. 1. On the clinical findings, depression, anorexia and fever were observed in all inoculated goats, and nasal discharge, keratoconjunctivitis and diarrhea in 3 of 4 goats. Highest rectal temperature after in-oculation was 2.5$^{\circ}C$ higher in IV inoculated goats and 1.9$^{\circ}C$ higher in orally inoculated than normal rectal temperature observed before inoculation. Durations of clinical course after inoculation in IV and orally inoculated goats were 5 days and 8 days, respectively. 2. On the gross lesions, swelling of the lymph nodes, hemorrhage and .inflammation of the small intestine and rigor mortis were observed in 4 of 4 goats, and keratoconjunctivitis, hemorrhage and inflammation of the large intestine, swelling of the spleen, pneumonia and hydropericardium in 3 of 4 goats. Congestion of the visceral organs and ecchymosis of the sin in a fetus were observed. Keratoconjunctivitis, hemorrhage of the abomasum, swelling of the lymph node, hemorrhage and inflammation of the small intestine, swelling of the spleen, necrosis of the liver and pneumonia were observed as severe lesions. These lesions were more severe in IV inoculated goats than those in orally inoculated goats. 3. On histopathological findings, focal necrosis found throughout the livers occurred mainly on peripheral areas of hepatic lobules. These necrotic foci consisted of neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, short rod bacteria and necretic hepatic cells. Suppurative pneumonia of the lung, hyperemia, congestion, epithelial necrosis and sloughing of the small and large intestine, swelling in periventricular regions of the central nervous system, swelling of the kidney, spleen and lymph node were observed as listerial lesions.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.70-73
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• 2002

Acute autonomic neuropathy is a rare disease. Since the first case was reported by Young et.al., in 1969, a number of similar cases have been described, with some variation of the accompanied neurologic deficits. Acute autonomic and sensory neuropathy(AASN) is characterized by the acute onset of autonomic dysfunction and sensory disturbances. A 16-year-old girl experienced high fever($40^{\circ}C$) and erythematous rash on whole trunk and face followed by pain and sensory loss over the whole body, dysphagia, ataxia, urinary retention, and postural hypotension. There was no evidence of limb weakness. The electrophysiologic studies of this patient revealed sensory polyneuropathy and the various autonomic function test showed autonomic dysfunction. The recovery of her autonomic and sensory symptoms is incomplete, three months after the onset of the symptoms. The etiology of the acute autonomic and sensory neuropathy is not known. Most previous authors have suggested the dysautonomia may be an acute immunological damage to peripheral fibers of the autonomic nervous system. We report a case of acute autonomic and sensory neuropathy.