• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.477-487
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• 2014

This study aimed to develop a new commercialization model for theindustrialization of head family food as a gentry families' complex food culture product. We tried to develop a head family food and propose a city sightseeing style's head family product by interviews with 'Hakindang' as the center, the head house of the Suwon Baek clan, and Injaegong group in Jeonjoo. Hakindang (in Jeonju) was confirmed as an improved model Korean-style house in the enlightenment period and the twentieth style modern head family as emerging capitalist. Hakindangsupported independence war funds in the Japanese colonial era and was widely known as gate of filial piety in Jeonju. Representative seasonal foods of Hakindang include pan-fried sweet rice cake with flower petals in the spring, hot spicy meat stew and polypus variabilis in summer, hanchae in autumn, and napa cabbage kimchi with salted flatfish seafood in the winter. When parents-in-law had a birthday, there were party noodles, sliced abalone stuffed with pine nuts, brass chafing dish, fish eggs, slices of blilde meat, and matnaji. Daily, there were mainly salted seafood, slices of raw fish, grilled short rib patties, braised fish, baked fish, syruped chestnut, grilled deodeok root, bean sprouts, radish preserved with salt, dongchimi, soy sauce-marinated horseshoe crab, butterbur, perilla seed stew, salted clams, raw bamboo shoot, agar, fried kelp, etc. The most basic virtue of the head family is filial duty, and they developed mosim dining as a representative food of Hakingdang's head family. The mosim menu is composed of 65% carbohydrates, 20% protein, and 15% fat because it is table for parents-in-law like more than 75 years old. The sensory evaluation showed a chewy texture that is easily swallowed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.123-136
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• 2019

This paper is a study on the development and consumer preference of the soup stew HMR new products, and the main contents are as follows. A total of nine products were studied, including three developed products and six market products. For this study, the demographic characteristics, the awareness and attitude of HMR products were investigated. In addition, the consumer panel evaluated overall liking, appearance, color, flavor, and taste using the nine-point recertification scale, while the strength assessed viscosity, sweetness, saltiness, sourness, and Umami. Familiarity, health degree, Purchase intention and Recommendation intention were investigated and the reasons for preference and non preference were analyzed by multi-response method. The consumer preference analysis indicates that the product is competitive among existing products and that it would be desirable to improve after identifying the causes of non-preferred factors.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.83-87
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• 2023

Nysius plebeius is a major lygaeid pest of various cereal crops and ornamental plants in East Asian countries, including Korea. The complete mitochondrial genome of N. plebeius was characterized and found to comprise a total of 17,367 bp, which included 13 protein-coding genes, NADH dehydrogenase components (complex I, ND), cytochrome oxidase subunits (complex VI, COX), cytochrome oxidase b (CYPB), two ATP synthases, two ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNAs. The GC content of 23%. It showed high sequence similarity to other Lygaeidae species, such as N. cymoides (94.5%), N. fuscovittatus (91.7%), and an unknown Nysius species (94.1%). This new N. plebeius mitochondrial genome can be widely used for evolutionary studies of Lygaeidae and to improve pest management practices.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.265-274
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• 2022

Lipoxygenase is an enzyme, mainly produced by plants, capable of converting unsaturated fatty acids to fatty acids. It has vast application potential in the food, pharmaceutical and agricultural industries. The aim of this study was to isolate novel lipoxygenase-producing bacteria from the environment and to investigate the lipoxygenase enzymatic properties for industrial production. The strain, NC1, isolated from cultivation soils, was identified as Bacillus subtilis based on the phenotypic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. This strain formed a pink color around the colony when cultured on indamine dye formation plates. The production of lipoxygenase by B. subtilis NC1 was influenced by the composition of the medium and linoleic acid concentrations. The optimum temperature and pH for lipoxygenase activity was determined to be 40 ℃ and pH 6, respectively. The enzyme showed relatively high stability at temperatures ranging from 20-50 ℃ and acid-neutral regions. In addition, the lipoxygenase produced by B. subtilis NC1 was able to degrade commercially available oils including sunflower seed oil and Perilla oil. In this study, a useful indigenous bacterium was isolated, and the fundamental physicochemical data of bacterial lipoxygenase giving it industrial potential are presented.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.498-501
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• 2011

The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents are the key factors to determine the quality of organic fertilizers and right amount of application for agricultural uses. The major nutrient contents in raw materials used for making organic fertilizers and products were evaluated in this study. Among the raw materials that were investigated, soybean cake gave the highest total N content at $76g\;kg^{-1}$, followed by perilla cake ($70g\;kg^{-1}$), rape seed oil cake ($66g\;kg^{-1}$), cotton seed cake ($54g\;kg^{-1}$), and rice bran ($22g\;kg^{-1}$). We investigated 43 organic fertilizers and our results showed widely varied concentrations of major nutrients : total N at $30.5-139g\;kg^{-1}$, total $P_2O_5$ at $2.3-96.3g\;kg^{-1}$, and total $K_2O$ at $0.1-29.3g\;kg^{-1}$. Our study would like to emphasize the importance of nutrient content labeling in packed organic fertilizers to be able to know its efficiency and for determining the right amount for application.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.410-416
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• 2011

Cereals are the main raw material for sunsik manufacture. As the fundamental processing step, it is very important to confirm the level of the microorganism contamination in the cereals. This study was carried out a micrbiological screening of cereal samples for sunsik from 19 companies located in South Korea. Ten kinds of cereals which were glutinous rice, barley, brownrice, blackbean, blackrice, blacksesame, sorghum, millet, perilla seed, and adlay were investigated. As the results, the contaminations of general bacterial were 3.1~8.6 log(CFU/g). The results of Escherichia coli were 1.0~3.4 log(CFU/g). There was no contamination of Salmonella. spp in any cereal samples except black sesame and mold was detected in barley. The experiment for microbiological contamination during sunsik processing was also investigated in this study. The results of general bacteria were detected as 5.1~8.5, 4.4~7.5, 1.0~2.3, 2.4~4.2, 1.0~4.0, 3.4~4.2, 4.3~5.2, and 3.3~5.5 log(CFU/g) during environment of warehousing, washing, steaming, 1st cooling, drying, 2nd cooling, grinding, and packaging process, respectively. The results of coliform were 1.0~2.0 log(CFU/g) during warehousing respectively. Mold was found in warehousing. In case of the instruments, the contaminations of general bacterial were 4.2~7.5, 0.1~2.0, 0.1~3.2, 3.7~4.0, 2.5~3.0, and 3.8~5.2 log(CFU/g) in cereals tanks, washing machines, grinding machines, packaging machines, and workrooms. The results of coliform were 2.4~4.0, 0.0~4.1 log(CFU/g) in cereals tanks and grinding machines, respectively. Mold were only found in cereals tanks, grinding machines, and workings. Therefore, the risk of hazard microorganisms contmination might be decrased as the exhaustive management is applied to the whole sunsik process.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2003

All diets were based on feeds of fattening period pigs(LY x D, ca. 90 kg) with six treatments, which were the control, containing 5% beef tallow(C), 3% beef tallows and 2% perilla seeds oil(T1), 250 ppm vit. E(${\alpha}$-tocopheryl acetate) in T1(T2), 3% beef tallow and 2% squid viscera oil(T3), 250 ppm vit. E in T3(T4), and 3% beef tallow and 2% CLA(T5), respectively. Produced porks and their carcass characteristics were as follows. The daily gain of pigs was higher in T2 and 73 than any other treatments(p<0.05). Its T2 and T3 was 3.71 and 3.80 respectively, however, there was no significance in feed intake. The highest back fat thickness was shown in control group on market weight, while there was no significant difference on their initial weight. Loin-eye muscle area did not show any significant difference on initial weight and on market weight, however, its T5 was about twice as large as T2's. Content of triglyceride in blood was high in control group as compared to others; especially, the values for T3, T4 and T5 were significantly low(p <0.05). There was no significant difference in total cholesterol contents, and the ratio of HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol was higher in vit. E treated samples than untreated sample. Atherogenic index was high in sample with T3 and low in sample with T2. The perilla seed oil, squid fish oil, and vit. E decreased atherogenic index. Dressing percentage, back fat thickness, and grade did not show any significant difference(p >0.05); however, T2, C and T3, T1 and T5 showed 4.67, 4.29, 4.00 respectively, in grades.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.99-110
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• 2018

In this study, oil of Platycodon grandiflorum seeds was prepared using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCE) and its physicochemical indices as a new edible oil were investigated. Compared to Soxhlet solvent extraction, SCE under the condition of 6,000 psi at $40^{\circ}C$ produced more oil, especially from the roasted seeds to 32.7%. TLC analysis showed triacylglycerols accounted for most of the oil obtained from roasted Platycodon grandiflorum seeds by SCE similarly to commercial soybean oil or perilla seeds oil. The oil had highly unsaturated lipid with considerable amount of linoleic acid(73.27%) much more than two commercial oils followed by oleic acid(13.16%). Physicochemical properties of the oil were as follows; specific gravity, 0.92; dynamic viscosity, 45.37 cP; refractive index, 1.48; color, L=47.30, a=-3.69, b=25.72; iodine value, 141.57 g $I_2/100g$ oil; saponification value, 191.21 mg of KOH/g of oil; acid value, 2.60 mg of KOH/g of oil. Among those, refractive index, viscosity and iodine value, which were related to unsaturation degree of lipid, were ranged between those of two commercial oils. The oxidation stability of oil(2.03 hr) was also ranged between less stable perilla seeds oil(1.79 hr) and more stable soybean oil(2.94 hr) based on the induction time measured by Rancimat assay. In addition to extraction yield increase, seeds roasting provided further benefits such as reductions of cholesterol ester content and acid value without change in fatty acid composition. In conclusion, oil was extracted from the roasted Platycodon grandiflorum seeds at high yield by supercritical carbon dioxide and it seemed to have proper characteristics as a edible oil.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.317-323
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• 1994

Nine plant foods (persimmon leaf, perilla seed, Chinese quince, ginger root, walnut, mugwort leaf, arrowroot, buckwheat and sorghum) rich in phenolic substances were examined for their effects on the digestive enzymes, food-poisoning bacteria and mutagenicity/antimutagenicity by Ames test. Among tested samples, Chinese quince significantly inhibited the $\alpha-amylase$ activity (97%), exhibiting an uncompetitive inhibition type. Protease activity was inhibited by Chinese quince (86%), persimmon leaf (51%) and mugwort leaf (20%), in which mugwort extract exhibited a noncompetitive type. Lipase was activated >50% by all samples. The inhibition of $\alpha-amylase$ was highly correlated with the content of condensed tannin (r=0.89) and the inhibition of protease, with total phenolic content (r=0.84). Total phenolies fraction of tested samples showed the growth inhibition toward E. coli. Streptococcus faecalis and Salmonella enteritidis, in which the effect of perilla, sorghum and arrowroot was the highest for E. coli. Standard phenolics and food samples did not show any mutagenicity toward Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. Tannic acid inhibited the mutation of the two strains by benzo[a]pyrene whereas total phenolics fractions of Chinese quince and walnut exhibited antimutagenicity to a lesser extent.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.16-27
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• 1992

To determine a potential of new sludge fertilizer for horticultural crops, comparative studies between commercial fertilizers (Jandibiryo and Wonyebokbi) and sludge fertilizer (Sludgebiryo) were made through examining the growth responses on zoysiagrass (Zoysia japponica Steud.) and several horticultural plants. 1. The pH of new sludge fertilizer remained near 6.5 regardless the particle size. The solubility of elements was highest in phosphorus, followed by nitrogen and potassium in the order. Especially, desorption of potassium was continued up to 48 hrs after solubilization. 2. There was an increase in shoot number per plant, length of stolon and rhizome, and root weight as well as clipping yield of zoysiagrass in the treatment of large size Sludgebiryo compared to small one and Jandibiryo. 3. Regardless the size of fertilizers, Sludgebiryo increased flower numbers in salvia (Salvia officinalis L. 'Hatzazz') compared to Wonyebokbi, although the difference was not great, However, leaf area and fresh weight of plant were more increased in Wonyebokbi application. 4. Flower diameter of marigold (Tagetes erecta L. 'Inca') was slightly increased in Sludgebiryo application, but the average number of lateral shoots and fresh weight per plant were significantly increased in the treatment of Wonyebokbi application. 5. Sludgebiryo effectively increased the length of both main and lateral shoots, number of flowers and weight of shoot in vinca (Vinca rosea L. 'Little Linde'), but root growth of plant was higher in Wonyebokbi application. 6, No differences between Wonyebokbi and Sludgebiryo were found in promoting the growth of leaves of perilla (Perilla frutescens Hara 'Yubsil' ), but chlorophyll content and seed weight were slightly higher in the application of Wonyebokbi compared to Sludgebiryo. In conclusion, the effectiveness of Sludgebiryo for horticultural plants was almost equal to commercial fertilizers such as Jandibiryo or Wonyebokbi. Expecially, Sludgebiryo appeared to effective on the growth of zoysiagrass, and the increase of flower size and numbers in flower crops. Results indicate that new-made Sludgebiryo can be recommended for turfgrass culture, and the flower crops in which quality depends on flower number and flower size.