• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.71-95
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• 1995

Bacteria have been regarded as a one of major etiologic factors in root canal infections. In endodontic treatment the effective removal of pathogenic microorganisms in the root canal is the key to successful outcome. Bacterial cell wall components may play an important role in the development of pulpal and periapical disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sonic extracts of Streptococcus spp. on cultured L929 cells and to characterize cell wall protein profiles of Streptococcus spp. Streptococcus spp. were isolated from infected root canals and identified with Vitek Systems(Biomeriux, USA). Five streptococci, namely S. sanguis, S. mitis, S uberis, S. mutans (ATCC 10449) and S. faecalis (ATCC 19433) weere enriched in brain heart infusion broth. Cell pellets were sonicated and cell wall extracts were dialyzed and membrane filtered. Prepared cell wall proteins were applied to cultured L929 cell. The cell reaction were evaluated by monitoring DNA synthesis, cell numbers and the change of cell morphology. The total cell wall protein profiles of microorganisms were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide-gel eledruphoresis(SDS-PAGE). DNA synthesis of L929 cells were reduced by the increasing concentration of sonic extracts. DNA synthesis was significantly suppressed in more than $50{\mu}g$/ml of sonic extract conentration in five streptococci. S. nutans (ATCC 10449) showed stronger suppression on DNA synthesis than remaining four streptococci, which had the similar effect on DNA synthesis. Analysis of DNA synthesis measured by [$^3H$]-thymidine uptake was more sensitvie method than cell counting. Sonic extracts affected the microscopic findings of L929 cells. The protein profiles indicated that all five strains shared two major proteins with molecular masses of 70.8 and 57.5 kD respectively. S. uberis and S. mutans shared common minor proteins of which molecular weights were 147.9 and 112.2 kD respectively. However some minor proteins were unique for S. mitis, S. uberis and S. faecalis.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.437-446
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• 1999

Porphyromonas endodontalis(P. endodontalis) is one of the important causative bacteria of pulpal and periapical disease. P. endodontalis has lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and it plays a major role in stimulating the synthesis and release of cytokines from immune cells and prostaglandin $E_2$ from host cells. The purpose of this study is to prepare LPS from P. endodontalis and to evaluate the effect of LPS on membrane permeability of fibroblast. P. endodontalis ATCC 35406 was cultured in anaerobic condition, and LPS was extracted. LPS was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Human periodontal ligament cell, colon fibroblast(CCD-18Co, KCLB 21459) and skin fibroblast(Detroit 551, KCLB 10110) were perfused with 0.01% P. endodontalis LPS solution, high concentration of $K^+$ solution and $Ca^{2+}$-free solution, $Ca^{2+}$ concentration ratio was measured by microfluorometry. 1. Intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration was not changed in human periodontal fibroblast and skin fibroblast(Detroit 551) stimulated by P. endodontalis LPS. 2. Intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration was increased in colon fibroblast(CCD-18Co) stimulated by P. endodontalis LPS. 3. Colon fibroblast(CCD-18Co) has voltage dependent $Ca^{2+}$ channel activated by high concentration of $K^+$ solution. 4. P. endodontalis LPS has no effect on the increase of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration during perfusion of $Ca^{2+}$-free solution.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.533-538
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• 1998

[ $Garr{\grave{e}}'s$ ] osteomyelitis is a chronic form of osteomyelitis in which periosteum is thickened with peripheral reactive bone formation. Carl $Garr{\grave{e}}$ first reported localized periosteal thickening as a response to mild stimuli. In dental literatures, Pell et al. first reported $Garr{\grave{e}}'s$ osteomyelitis in jaws. This disease frequent occurs in youngsters and usually in mandible. It usually results in hard swelling over the jaws with little or no pain. Palpation reveals a localized bony swelling lesion. In radiographic findings, it usually reveals laminated periosteal thickening on lesion. The treatment of $Garr{\grave{e}}'s$ osteomyelitis usually consists of elimination of the sources of infection, i.e., either extraction of an infected teeth or root canal therapy. Two children were admitted with the chief complaint of intraoral swelling on lower deciduous molar areas which was diagnosed as $Garr{\grave{e}}'s$ osteomyelitis. The root canal therapy and antibiotic therapy were performed and prognosis was checked. From these case studies, some results were obtained as follows : With the aid of root canal therapy and antibiotic administration, the size of periapical lesions was reduced, the mandible with bony swelling recovered its normal shapes radiographically, and the permanent tooth germs resumed sound development.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.146-151
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• 2017

X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a hereditary metabolic disease caused by the loss of phosphate through the renal tubules into the urine, and an associated decrease in serum calcium and potassium phosphate. Its dental features include spontaneous dental abscesses that occur in the absence of trauma or dental caries. The aim of this case report was to describe the dental problems of XLH patients and to evaluate limitations in their treatment. A 14 year old male and a 38 year old female with XLH were referred to the Department of Conservative Dentistry for endodontic treatment. The dental findings were periapical abscesses without obvious trauma or caries. Conservative endodontic treatment was performed in teeth with pulp necrosis and abscess. In case 1, the treated teeth showed improvements in bone healing, without clinical symptoms. However, in case 2, the implants and the treated tooth showed hypermobility, and the final restoration was therefore postponed. Early diagnosis, periodic examinations, and communication with the patient's pediatrician are important in the dental management of patients with XLH.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2019

Purpose: The aims of this study were first, to compare panoramic radiography with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for evaluating topographic relationships, such as the classification of maxillary posterior teeth and their distance to the maxillary sinus floor; and second, to determine the relationship between maxillary sinus pathology and the presence of apical lesions. Materials and Methods: In total, 285 paired CBCT and panoramic radiography records of patients (570 maxillary sinuses) were retrospectively analyzed. Both imaging modalities were used to determine the topographic relationship of the maxillary posterior teeth to the sinus floor. Mucosal thickening >2 mm was considered a pathological state. Data were analyzed using the chi-square, Wilcoxon, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals(CIs) were calculated. Results: The closest vertical distance measurements made between posterior maxillary teeth roots and the maxillary sinus on panoramic radiography and CBCT scans showed statistically significant differences from each other(P<0.05). Compared to panoramic radiography, CBCT showed higher mean values for the distance between the maxillary sinus floor and maxillary posterior teeth roots. The CBCT images showed that at least 1 apical lesion adjacent to the right maxillary sinus increased the risk of maxillary sinus pathology by 2.37 times(OR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.58-3.55, P<0.05). Conclusion: Panoramic radiography might lead to unreliable diagnoses when evaluating the distance between the sinus floor and posterior roots of the maxillary teeth. Periapical lesions anatomically associated with maxillary sinuses were a risk factor for sinus mucosal thickening.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.158-175
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• 2005

Statement of problem. Every effort has been continually made to obtain objectivity in measuring the longevity of fixed restorations, such as by establishing unified judgement standard for deciding success and adopting statistical method that analyzes the data of successful and failed cases at the same time. In Korea, however desired level of development has not to be made in this field yet. Purpose. This study, adopting California Dental Association (CDA) quality evaluation system, established objective standard for deciding success, and inferred the longevity of fixed restorations and their failure analysis through adopting Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Material and method. In order to assess the longevity of flxed restorations serviced in Korea and causes of failure, a total of 1109 individuals (aged 15-74, 716 women and 393 men loaded with 2551 unit fixed restorations, and 1934 abutments) who lived in Kyung-In Province were examined and the findings were as follows : Results. 1. Length of service of fixed restorations serviced in Korea was 6.86$\pm$0.15 yr (mean), 5.5 yr (median), and the rate of success was 65.82% in 5 year survival, and 21.15% in 10 year survival. 2. When there was patient's need for replacing old prosthetics, longevity of fixed restorations was 7.51$\pm$0.27 yr (mean), 7 yr (median), and the rate of success was 61.08% in 5 year survival, and 17.57% in 10 year survival. 3. Longevity of fixed restorations was longest in the over-sixty age group(9.21$\pm$0.66) and that of the teen age group(3.39$\pm$0.28) was shortest (p<0.05). 4. Longevity of fixed restorations of women (7.38$\pm$0.18 years) was longer than that of men (6.00$\pm$0.26) (p<0.05). 5. As for the provider factor (such as unlicensed performers, university hospitals, and private clinic), there was no statistically significant difference in longevity of fixed restorations. 6. Defective margin (34.78%). periodontal disease (12.15%), periapical involvement (11.73%), was the most frequent causes of failure and poor esthetics group showed the longest life above all (p<0.05). Actual frequent causes of failure after removing old prosthetics were defective margin, periapical involvement, periodontal disease and uncemented restoration. In 75.67% of the cases, abutment state after removing old prosthetics was good enough for loading another prosthetics. 7. There was found to have statistically significant influence between longevity of single crown (6.35$\pm$0.20 yr) and that of 3 unit fixed restorations (7.60$\pm$0.30 y) (p<0.05). In each case the most frequent cause of failure was defective margin. 8. The number of cantilever pontic, pontic/abutment ratio, oral hygiene status were found to have no statistically significant influence on longevity of fixed restorations in all groups (p>0.05). 9. Longevity of fixed restorations made of non precious metal was longest (9.60$\pm$0.40 yr) semi precious and precious trailing behind(p<0.05). 10. Group function group (37.04%) and partial group function group (44.62%) were predominant in frequency but showed no correlation between them and among different types of occlusal plane and different types of occlusal surface (p>0.05). 11. Longevity of fixed restorations was longest in the centric interference group(9.35$\pm$0.62) (p<0.05) among different types of occlusal interference. Conclusion. We found that longevity of fixed restorations serviced in Korea is affected by age, gender and type of material, and that most frequent cause of failure is defective margin. In order to assess the accurate longevity of axed restorations, unified research design. overcoming inter-observer difference and establishing the objective research items are needed. Furthermore, it is thought that prospective approach through thorough study and regular follow-ups is needed just from the start of research. Nationwide detailed studies on length of service of fixed restorations manufactured in Korea are hoped to be conducted hereafter.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.186-195
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• 2018

목적: 한국인에서 임플란트 주위 질환의 심도에 따른 미생물학적 차이를 알아보기 위해 real time Polymerase Chain Reaction(real-time PCR)법을 이용하여 5종의 치주세균의 정량적, 정성적 분석을 시행하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 임플란트가 식립된 총 60명의 환자를 치근단 방사선 사진 및 임상지수 검사를 통해 3군(건강군, 임플란트 주위 점막염군, 임플란트 주위염군)으로 나누었다. 멸균된 curette기구를 이용해 치은연하에서 미생물 샘플을 채취한 후 치주세균 5종에 관해 real time PCR을 시행하였고 comparative delta-CT method를 이용하여 분석한 후 미생물의 상대적 발현량을 비교하였다. 결과: Eikenella corrodens, Treponema denticola의 상대적 발현량은 임플란트 주위염 그룹에서 유의하게 높게 나타났다(P < 0.017). 반면 Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis의 상대적 발현량은 질환의 심도와는 관련 없이 건강한 임플란트 그룹에서 가장 높게 나타났다. Prevotella intermedia의 상대적 발현량은 건강한 임플란트 그룹에서 유의하게 낮게 나타났다(P < 0.017). 결론: 한국인의 임플란트 주위질환에서 대표적인 치주염 세균이 검출되었으나 치주염과 유사한 미생물학적 분포를 보이지는 않았다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.206-216
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• 2022

이 연구의 목적은 코로나 바이러스 감염증-2019 팬데믹 이후 소아청소년의 치과 이용 실태를 조사하고 성인과 비교하여 파악하는 것이다. 건강보험심사평가원에서 제공하는 2017년 1월부터 2020년 12월까지 20세 미만의 소아청소년 및 20세 이상의 성인의 주상병과 치료코드별 치과 내원 횟수 자료를 사용했다. 연도별 인구수 변화가 내원 횟수에 미치는 영향을 줄이기 위해 인구수 1000명당 치과 내원 횟수를 이용해 분석하였다. 치수 및 근단주위조직의 질환 주상병으로 인한 치과 내원 횟수가 팬데믹 이후 모든 연령에서 감소했고, 치수치료에 해당하는 치료 코드로 인한 치과 내원 횟수는 0 - 4세군을 제외하고 감소했다. 수복치료에 해당하는 치료코드로 인한 치과 내원 횟수는 팬데믹 이후 0 - 19세군에서 감소했다. 2020년 신규확진자 수와 치료 코드의 치과 내원 횟수 변화율을 월별로 비교했을 때, 우리나라 대유행이 있던 2월과 8월 이후 치수치료 및 수복치료는 점차 감소했다. 치은염 및 치주질환 주상병으로 인한 치과 내원 횟수는 팬데믹 이후 모든 연령군에서 증가했다. 소아청소년의 수복치료로 인한 내원 횟수 감소율은 성인보다 컸다. 팬데믹 이후 Multi-visit 치수치료로 인한 치과 내원 횟수 감소율은 1-visit 치수치료보다 컸다. 이 연구를 통해 코로나 바이러스 감염증-2019 전파 이후 소아청소년들의 치과 내원 횟수를 파악하고 성인과 비교해볼 수 있다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.563-571
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• 2003

One of the central components of periodontal therapy is the improvement of esthetics. The presence and appearance of interdental papillae plays an important role of periodontal esthetics. The aim of the present study was to investigate how immediate provisional restoration preserve the shape of interdental papilla around the extraction socket and the width of bucco-lingual of gingiva. Another aim was to investigate the change in the interdental papilla and the amount of vertical bone fill of a extraction socket in relation to the interdental alveolar bone levels adjacent the alveolar socket. A total of 19 patients (11 male, 8 female, mean age of 50.57${\pm}$8.16), who visited the Department of Periodontology, Pusan National University and had more than one anterior tooth scheduled to be extracted due to an advanced periodontal disease were included in the present study. After initial periodontal therapy, the extracted teeth were reshaped of the root and placed into the socket followed by splinting with adjacent teeth with self-curing resin. The width of hucco-lingual of gingiva and interdental papilla height were measured at baseline, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 month and the periapical radiographic examination were taken at baseline, 6 and 12month following the extraction. The amount of vertical bone fill in the extraction socket were calculated. At 12 months following the extraction, the changes in mesial and distal interdental papilla and the width of bucco-lingual showed -1.06${\pm}$0.48mm, -0.844${\pm}$0.50mm, -1.50${\pm}$0.96m, relatively. The positional change in the interproximal papillae was significantly associated with the interdental bone level adjacent to the extraction socket(p=0.028). The higher the interproximal bone level adjacent the extraction socket, the greater the amount of bone fill in the extraction socket(p<0.001). In conclusion, it was thought that immediate provisional restoration could minimize the loss of the width of bucco-lingual and interproximal papillae around the extraction socket. In addition, the higher the interproximal bone level adjacent the extraction socket, the greater the amount of bone fill and the smaller the reduction of papillary height around the extraction socket.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.323-328
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• 2006

상아질 형성부전증은 상아질 형성 이상이 초래되는 유전성 질환으로, 주로 상염색체 우성으로 유전된다. 8000명당 1명꼴로 발생하며 남녀 성별의 차이가 없고 유치열과 영구치열 모두에서 나타난다고 알려져 있으며, Shield등은 세 가지 유형으로 분류하였다. 이환 받은 치 아는 다양한 치아 변색, 법랑질의 박리, 급속도의 상아질의 파괴, 심한 마모현상 등의 임상소견을 보인다. 따라서 치간이개, 고경감소, 저작능력의 저하, 치태와 치석의 침착 등이 나타날 수 있다. 방사선학적 소견으로 치경부 수축 구근 상치관, 짧고 가는 치근, 치수강과 근관의 폐색, 건전치 에서 치근부 병변 등이 보인다. 상아질 형성부전증에 대한 치료 목표는 심미성 회복, 저작능력회복, 교합고경의 회복을 들 수 있다. 본 증례들은 치아의 마모와 변색을 주소로 경북대학병원 소아치과에 내원한 두 명의 환아들에서 임상 및 방사선학적 검사 소견상 상아질 형성 부전증으로 판단되어 환아의 손상된 치아에 대해 치료를 시행하여 기능적 심미적으로 만족할 만한 결과를 얻어 이를 보고하는 바이다.