• Title/Summary/Keyword: Performance-based HR

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Population-based Cervical Cancer Screening Using High-risk HPV DNA Test and Liquid-based Cytology in Northern Thailand

  • Siriaunkgul, Sumalee;Settakorn, Jongkolnee;Sukpan, Kornkanok;Srisomboon, Jatupol;Suprasert, Prapaporn;Kasatpibal, Nongyao;Khunamornpong, Surapan
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.15 no.16
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    • pp.6837-6842
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    • 2014
  • Background: Northern Thailand is a region with a high cervical cancer incidence. Combined high-risk HPV (hrHPV) DNA testing and cytology (co-testing) has increasingly gained acceptance for cervical cancer screening. However, to our knowledge, data from a population-based screening using co-testing have not been available in this region. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the performance of cytology and hrHPV test in women in northern Thailand. Materials and Methods: Cervical samples were collected for hybrid capture 2 (HC2) testing and liquid-based cytology from women aged 30 to 60 years who were residents in 3 prefectures of Chiang Mai in northern Thailand between May and September 2011. Women with positive cytology were referred to colposcopy, while women with positive for HC2 only were followed for 2 years. Results: Of 2,752 women included in this study, 3.0% were positive in both tests, 4.1% for HC2 only, and 1.3% had positive cytology only. At baseline screening, positive HC2 was observed in 70.6% among cytology-positive women compared with 4.3% among cytology-negative women. The prevalence of positive HC2 or cytology peaked in the age group 35-39 years and was lowest in the age group 55-60 years. High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or worse lesions (HSIL+) were histologically detected in 23.5% of women with positive baseline cytology and in 9.8% of women with positive baseline HC2 only on follow-up. All women with histologic HSIL+ had positive baseline HC2. Conclusions: The hrHPV test is superior to cytology in the early detection of high-grade cervical epithelial lesions. In this study, the prevalence of histologic HSIL+ on follow-up of women with positive hrHPV test was rather high, and these women should be kept under careful surveillance. In northern Thailand, hrHPV testing has a potential to be used as a primary screening test for cervical cancer with cytology applied as a triage test.

Toxicokinetics of rifapentine in beagle dogs (Beagle dog에 있어서 rifapentine의 독성동태연구)

  • Shin, Ho-chul;Lee, Hye-suk;Cha, Shin-woo;Han, Sang-seop;Roh, Jung-ku;Kim, Jin-suk;Lee, Won-chang
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.815-822
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    • 1995
  • The toxicokinetics of rifapentine was studied after an oral administration to beagle dogs. High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) using column-switching technique was performed to determine the serum concentrations of rifapentine. The pharmacokinetic profiles of rifapentine were analysed using one-compartment open model. Following a single oral administration of 10mg/kg, pharmacokinetic parameters were determined as follows: maximum serum concentration($C_{max}$), $28.90{\mu}g/ml$; maximum concentration time($T_{max}$), 3.7hr; elimination half-life($t_{1/2}$, 4.7hr; area under the curve(AUC), $339.0{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/ml$; volume of disiribution/bioavailability (Vd/F), 0.21 l/kg; lag time, 24min; absorption rate constant($k_a$), $0.445hr^{-1}$; elimination rate constant($k_{el}$), $0.148hr^{-1}$. After 6 month multiple oral doses of 10mg/kg/day, parameters were as follows: $C_{max}$, $34.40{\mu}g/ml$; $T_{max}$, 2.6hr; $t_{1/2}$, 6.7hr; AUC, $391.3{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/ml$; Vd/F, 0.291/kg; $k_a$, $0.976hr^{-1}$; $k_{el}$, $0.104hr^{-1}$. The consistant kinetic parameters after a single and multiple oral administration show that there was no accumulation of rifapentine after 6 month oral administration. We also simulated the concentration of rifapentine after oral multiple administration of 10 and 50mg/kg/ day, based on the parameters obtained form the single administration. The measured serum concentrations of rifapentine were well fitted to the simulated results. The simulated results show that rifapentine readily reaches to steady-state after about 3 doses and the steady-state serum concentrations($C_{ss}$) are fluctuated in between $2.2{\sim}25.2{\mu}g/ml$, and $10.6{\sim}125.2{\mu}g/ml$ at the doses of 10 and 50mg/kg/day, respectively.

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LDCSIR: Lightweight Deep CNN-based Approach for Single Image Super-Resolution

  • Muhammad, Wazir;Shaikh, Murtaza Hussain;Shah, Jalal;Shah, Syed Ali Raza;Bhutto, Zuhaibuddin;Lehri, Liaquat Ali;Hussain, Ayaz;Masrour, Salman;Ali, Shamshad;Thaheem, Imdadullah
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • v.21 no.12spc
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    • pp.463-468
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    • 2021
  • Single image super-resolution (SISR) is an image processing technique, and its main target is to reconstruct the high-quality or high-resolution (HR) image from the low-quality or low-resolution (LR) image. Currently, deep learning-based convolutional neural network (CNN) image super-resolution approaches achieved remarkable improvement over the previous approaches. Furthermore, earlier approaches used hand designed filter to upscale the LR image into HR image. The design architecture of such approaches is easy, but it introduces the extra unwanted pixels in the reconstructed image. To resolve these issues, we propose novel deep learning-based approach known as Lightweight deep CNN-based approach for Single Image Super-Resolution (LDCSIR). In this paper, we propose a new architecture which is inspired by ResNet with Inception blocks, which significantly drop the computational cost of the model and increase the processing time for reconstructing the HR image. Compared with the other state of the art methods, LDCSIR achieves better performance in terms of quantitively (PSNR/SSIM) and qualitatively.

Relationship between subjective and objective measures of anticipatory anxiety prior to extraction procedures in 8- to 12-year-old children

  • Kalra, Namita;Sabherwal, Puja;Tyagi, Rishi;Khatri, Amit;Srivastava, Shruti
    • Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.119-128
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    • 2021
  • Background: This study assessed anticipatory dental anxiety levels among 8- to 12-year-old children based on subjective and physiological measures and their correlation. The variations in anxiety based on sex, age, temperament, and academic performance were evaluated. Methods: An observational study was conducted in 60 children recruited from the waiting room over a 6-month period. The operator recorded subjective anxiety in the children using a novel visual facial anxiety scale. The operator also noted the demographic details and child's temperament using the nine dimensions of the Thomas and Chess criteria, and graded children as "easy," "slow to warm-up," and "difficult." The academic performance of the children was graded (parental ratings) on a five-point Likert scale. Physiological variables (heartrate [HR], oxygen saturation[SpO2], and blood pressure [BP]) were recorded by another evaluator. The correlation between anxiety levels and physiological variables was also assessed. The effects of age, sex, temperament, and academic performance on anxiety were evaluated. Results: The study included 60 children aged 8-12 years, including 36 boys and 24 girls. Seventy percent of children had mild to moderate levels of pre-extraction anxiety, while 30% of children demonstrated high anxiety. A significant positive correlation was noted between anxiety levels and HR (rs = 0.477, P < 0.001⁎) and systolic BP (rs = 0.294, P < 0.05), while a significant but inverse correlation was observed with SpO2 (rs = -0.40, P < 0.05). Anxiety did not influence diastolic BP. Children with difficult temperament and poor academic performance had significantly higher anxiety. Conclusion: A high percentage (70%) of children aged 8-12 years had mild to moderate anxiety prior to the extraction procedure. Increased HR, systolic BP, and reduced SpO2 were significantly associated with high levels of anticipatory dental anxiety. Pre-extraction anxiety was significantly related to the temperament and scholastic performance.

Research on the Performance Optimization of HR-Net for Spinal Region Segmentation in Whole Spine X-ray Images (Whole Spine X-ray 영상에서 척추 영역 분할을 위한 HR-Net 성능 최적화에 관한 연구)

  • Han Beom Yu;Ho Seong Hwang;Dong Hyun Kim;Hee Jue Oh;Ho Chul Kim
    • Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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    • v.45 no.4
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    • pp.139-147
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    • 2024
  • This study enhances AI algorithms for extracting spinal regions from Whole Spine X-rays, aiming for higher accuracy while minimizing learning and detection times. Whole Spine X-rays, critical for diagnosing conditions such as scoliosis and kyphosis, necessitate precise differentiation of spinal contours. The conventional manual methodology encounters challenge due to the overlap of anatomical structures, prompting the integration of AI to overcome these limitations and enhance diagnostic precision. In this study, 1204 AP and 500 LAT Whole Spine X-ray images were meticulously labeled, spanning the third cervical to the fifth lumbar vertebrae. We based our efforts on the HR-Net algorithm, which exhibited the highest accuracy, and proceeded to simplify its network architecture and enhance the block structure for optimization. The optimized HR-Net algorithm demonstrates an improvement, increasing accuracy by 2.98% for the AP dataset and 1.59% for the LAT dataset compared to its original formulation. Additionally, the modification resulted in a substantial reduction in learning time by 70.06% for AP images and 68.43% for LAT images, along with a decrease in detection time by 47.18% for AP and 43.07% for LAT images. The time taken per image for detection was also reduced by 47.09% for AP and 43.07% for LAT images. We suggest that the application of the proposed HR-Net in this study can lead to more accurate and efficient extraction of spinal regions in Whole Spine X-ray images. This can become a crucial tool for medical professionals in the diagnosis and treatment of spinal-related conditions, and it will serve as a foundation for future research aimed at further improving the accuracy and speed of spinal region segmentation.

MRI Image Super Resolution through Filter Learning Based on Surrounding Gradient Information in 3D Space (3D 공간상에서의 주변 기울기 정보를 기반에 둔 필터 학습을 통한 MRI 영상 초해상화)

  • Park, Seongsu;Kim, Yunsoo;Gahm, Jin Kyu
    • Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.178-185
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    • 2021
  • Three-dimensional high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides fine-level anatomical information for disease diagnosis. However, there is a limitation in obtaining high resolution due to the long scan time for wide spatial coverage. Therefore, in order to obtain a clear high-resolution(HR) image in a wide spatial coverage, a super-resolution technology that converts a low-resolution(LR) MRI image into a high-resolution is required. In this paper, we propose a super-resolution technique through filter learning based on information on the surrounding gradient information in 3D space from 3D MRI images. In the learning step, the gradient features of each voxel are computed through eigen-decomposition from 3D patch. Based on these features, we get the learned filters that minimize the difference of intensity between pairs of LR and HR images for similar features. In test step, the gradient feature of the patch is obtained for each voxel, and the filter is applied by selecting a filter corresponding to the feature closest to it. As a result of learning 100 T1 brain MRI images of HCP which is publicly opened, we showed that the performance improved by up to about 11% compared to the traditional interpolation method.

STUDY ON HIGH RESOLUTION SCHEMES SUITABLE FOR AN 3-D CFD CODE(POWERCFD) USING UNSTRUCTURED CELL-CENTERED METHOD AND INTERFACE CAPTURING METHOD (비정렬 셀 중심방법 및 경계면포착법을 사용하는 3차원 유동해석코드(PowerCFD)에 적합한 HR 해법에 관한 연구)

  • Myong, H.K.;Kim, J.E.
    • Journal of computational fluids engineering
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.7-13
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    • 2008
  • Several high resolution schemes such as OSHER, MUSCL, SMART, GAMMA, WACEB and CUBISTA are comparatively studied with respect to the accurate capturing of fluid interfaces throughout the application to two typical test cases of a translation test and a collapsing water column problem with a return wave. It is accomplished by implementing the high resolution schemes in the in-house CFD code(PowerCFD) for computing 3-D flow with an unstructured cell-centered method and an interface capturing method, which is based on the finite-volume technique and fully conservative. The calculated results show that SMART scheme gives the best performance with respect to accuracy and robustness.

STUDY ON HIGH RESOLUTION SCHEMES IN INTERFACE CAPTURING METHODS WITH UNSTRUCTURED GRIDS (비정렬격자계를 사용하는 경계면포착법에서 HR도식에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, J.E.;Myong, H.K.
    • 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2006.10a
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    • pp.51-56
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    • 2006
  • Several high resolution schemes such as OSHER, MUSCL, SMART, GAMMA, WACEB and CUBISTA are applied to two typical test cases of a translation test and a collapsing water column problem for the accurate capturing of fluid interfaces. It is accomplished by implementing the high resolution schemes in the in-house CFD code(PowerCFD) for computing 3-D flow with an unstructured cell-centered method, which is based on the finite-volume technique and fully conservative. The calculated results are found to show that SMART scheme gives the best performance with respect to accuracy and robustness.

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Real-time Heart Rate Measurement based on Photoplethysmography using Android Smartphone Camera

  • Hoan, Nguyen Viet;Park, Jin-Hyeok;Lee, Suk-Hwan;Kwon, Ki-Ryong
    • Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.234-243
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    • 2017
  • With the development of smartphone technologies enable photoplethysmogram (PPG) acquisition by camera and heart rate (HR) measurement. This papers presents improved algorithm to extract HR from PPG signal recorded by smartphone camera and to develop real-time PPG signal processing Android application. 400 video samples recorded by Samsung smartphone camera are imported as input data for further processing and evaluating algorithm on MATLAB. An optimized algorithm is developed and tested on Android platform with different kind of Samsung smartphones. To assess algorithm's performance, medical device Beurer BC08 is used as reference. According to related works, accuracy parameters includes 90% number of samples that has relative errors less than 5%, Person correlation (r) more than 0.9, and standard estimated error (SEE) less than 5 beats-per-minutes (bpm).

Ethanol Production from Lactose by Immobilized Reactor System Using a Fusant Yeast Strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces fragilis

  • Lee, Chu-Hee;Bang, Jeong-Hee;Hyun, Nam-Doo
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.355-359
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    • 1992
  • Yeast cells of a fusant strain constructed by protoplast fusion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces frugilis were immobilized on calcium alginate beads. The increment of the ethanol tolerance of this strain to 8.0%, when compared with the parent K, fragilis, was confirmed. Based on the results from jar fermentation, a packed-bed reactor of theh immobilized yeast cells was operated. The optimal performance of the immobilized yeast reactor for ethanol production was achieved when supplying 10% lactose (suplemented 1.0% yeast extract) at a temperature of 30.deg.C. The maximal ethanol productivity was obtained as 13.3 g/I/hr at a dilution rate of $0.76 hr^{-1}$.

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