• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.125-141
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting hearing loss in adolescent's use of PCPs, and to give the basic data for adolescent's hearing conservation program development and prevention education against their hearing loss. This study was a descriptive research about three factors affecting hearing loss; the knowledge and attitude about noise, the perception of hearing loss and the hearing threshold. The subjects of this study were 383 students in two general high schools and two vocational high schools in Teagu. They have been using PCPs but with no current or past ear disease. This study was carried out from Sep. 1. 2000 to Oct. 24, 2000. The instrument used for the knowledge and attitude about noise was a questionnaire developed by Rhee. Kyung Yong and Yi. Kwan Hyung(1996). The instrument used for the perception of hearing loss was a Smith Hearing Screening Questionnaire. A Belton Model 112 Audiometer. air-conduction hearing test instrument. was used for the hearing threshold. Data was analysed by a SPSS/Win 10.0 program with frequency. percentage, t-test. ANOVA and pearson correlation. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The average of concern about hearing scored the highest $3.66{\pm}0.70$. The average of perceived susceptibility scored $2.64{\pm}0.85$ and the average of knowledge about noise scored $2.13{\pm}0.56$. The average of total knowledge and attitude about noise scored $2.82{\pm}0.46$. The average of discomfort of hearing loss($2.51{\pm}0.81$) scored higher than that fear of hearing loss($1.35{\pm}0.53$). The average of total perception of hearing loss scored $1.93{\pm}0.59$. The hearing threshold of the subjects scored the highest at 500Hz(Lt. $23.21{\pm}6.62$, Rt. $23.39{\pm}7.02$) and scored higher in order of 1000Hz, 2000Hz, 4000Hz and 8000Hz. 2. The knowledge and attitude about noise and the perception of hearing loss were both affected only by one important characteristic, which was general and vocational high schools. The knowledge and attitude about noise raked (t=5.258, p=0.000), and perception of hearing loss raked(t=2.241. p=0.026). However. several other important characteristics also impacted significantly on the knowledge and attitudes about noise. They included grade (t = 1. 987. p=0.048), father's education(F=2.745. p=0.043), marks(F=3.157, p=0.044), drinking(t=2.307, p=0.022) and smoking(t=2.587, p=0.010). The left hearing threshold differed significantly by sex at 1000Hz(t=5.175, p<0.001) and 8000Hz (t=3.334, p<0.01). According to general and vocational high schools (p<0.001), at 500Hz (t=-5.056), 1000Hz (t=-5.253), 2000Hz (t=-4.905), 4000Hz (t=-4.704) and 8000Hz (t=-5.204) significant differences were also shown. Marks were significant at 1000Hz (F=3.824, p<0.05) and drinking was found to be significant at 500Hz(t=2.203, p<0.05). The right hearing threshold differed significantly by sex at l000Hz(t=5.557. p<0.001). 4000Hz(t=2.234. p<0.05) and 8000Hz (t=2.730. p<0.01). According to general and vocational high schools(p<0.001) at 500Hz (t=-4.730), 1000Hz(t=-6.271). 2000Hz (t=-4.573). 4000Hz(t=-3.554) and 8000Hz (t=-3.405) significant differences were also shown. Grades impacted at 500Hz(t=2.201. p<0.05) and 4000Hz(t=2.511. p<0.05), while marks were significant at l000Hz(F=4.1l5. p<0.05) and drinking was significant at 500Hz(t=2.333. p<0.05). 3. The left hearing threshold in accordance with use of PCPs differed significantly at 2000Hz(F=2.996. p=0.03l) according to volume level and at 8000Hz(F=2.197. p=0.022) according to duration${\times}$hours per day. The right hearing threshold differed significantly at l000Hz(F=3.075. p=0.028) according to volume level and at 8000Hz(F=2.925. p=0.034) according to duration. 4. The knowledge and attitudes about noise showed a light positive correlation with the perception of hearing loss. A positive correlation was shown. as stated previously in all Hz, between the left hearing threshold and the right hearing threshold, especially the highest correlation at 2000Hz(r=0.761. p=0.000). This study has shown that the factors related to adolescent's use of PCPs are important as they impact significantly an adolescent's hearing. These results then indicate that in future, when designing a hearing conservation program and prevention education this data should be considered.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.772-785
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• 2013

This study investigated the effects of fashion consumer's browsing motives and risk perception on impulse buying and purchase intention in social commerce. The online survey results of 317 customers who experienced using fashion products via social commerce were used for the final analysis. Exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and frequency analysis were conducted using SPSS 18.0, and confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis were performed with AMOS 18.0. Three browsing motives (hedonic motive, rational motive, and informational motive) and three risk perceptions (products-related risk, customer service risk, and opportunity loss risk) were identified. The results from the structure equation model were as follows. 1) It was deducted that the browsing motive did not have a significant effect on risk perception due to the rejection of most of the hypotheses in regards to the browsing motive influence on risk perception. 2) Product-related risk and customer service risk had a significantly negative effect on purchase intention. Opportunity loss risk had significantly positive effect on impulse buying and purchase intention. 3) Hedonic browsing motive had a significant effect on impulse buying, and rational motive had a significant effect on impulse buying and purchase intention. The informational browsing motive had a significant effect only on purchase intention.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.678-686
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• 2011

When one sensor cannot provide information by sensory deficit or loss, the sensory information can be provided by substituting other sensors for the defected sensor. This sensory substation might be influence on the deteriorated motion perception that consists of multi-sensory information such as visual, vestibular and somatosensory information. In this study, to investigate whether the additional sensation by sensory substitution could be integrated into the motion perception, we examined the effect of substituted postural sway sensation on the directional perception of body movement. Deteriorated motion perception by the reduced plantar sensation was enhanced under sensory substitution condition that provided the body sway information as the plantar vibratory stimulus. These results imply that the additional sensation might be integrated into and improve the motion perception.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.28-40
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose is to understand the perception of medical providers at tertiary hospitals in Seoul on the importance-performance of the reform on a doctor-designation system, and to provide the policy suggestion of the perception on such a system. Methodology: To achieve the purpose, this study utilized structured survey tools to conduct a questionnaire survey of nursing, administrative and medical technology professionals at six tertiary hospitals in Seoul. An importance-performance analysis was utilized for an analysis that showed the perception of the reform on a doctor-designation system. Findings: First, it was identified that those medical providers had the highest perception of the importance about the performance of the reform on a doctor-designation system. Second, according to the result of action grid of an importance-performance analysis (IPA), it can be identified that in the 2nd stage of 'Concentrate here' included are the items as to design and effect of medical care quality and subsidies & patient infection and safety and control fees, effect of income security of the method for compensating for loss established by the government and offering sufficient information on general medical services and doctor-designation medical services. In the 1st stage of 'Keep up the Good Work', and the 2nd stage of 'Concentrate here' included is the item as to the performance of patients of the reform on a doctor designation system. Practical Implications: There could be identified the effect of the reform bill on the perception of medical providers. It is expected that a better environment would be provided for patients to use a hospital and for medical providers to offer medical services, if the goverment makes efforts to improve methods for compensating for loss and continuous monitoring of the performance of patients.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1-21
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• 2008

Research has emphasized that relationship marketing programs enhance customer satisfaction and reduce switching intentions by building switching barriers. However, the psychological reactance theory demonstrates that building switching barriers can make customers fsel that the alternative not chosen is more attractive, because their freedom of choice has been deprived. It can be hypothesized that a relationship marketing program, which is intended to offer various benefits to customers, may not result in positive customer attitude and behavior. This paper examines the effects of relationship marketing programs on customers' perceptions of switching cost and loss of freedom. The effects of those perceptions on customer satisfaction and switching intentions were identified. In addition, the moderating role of personal reactance was examined. The results of this study suggest that (1) perceived switching cost has significant influence on boosting perceived loss of freedom; (2) perceived loss of freedom has no significant effects on customer satisfaction; (3) perceived loss of freedom enhances customers' switching intentions. Furthermore, psychological reactance has a significant influence on customers' switching intentions. This study concludes that the role of relationship marketing programs should be reconsidered, especially in terms of customers' switching intentions. Customer satisfaction is not the key factor of predicting customers' future behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.892-906
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• 2021

This study explores the effects of providing information on the price fairness perception and intention of continuous use in an online fashion platform, given a price difference due to AI algorithm pricing. We investigated the moderating roles of price inequality (loss vs. gain) and technology insecurity. The experiments used four stimuli based on price inequality (loss vs. gain) and information provision (provided or not) on price inequality. We developed a mock website and offered a scenario on the product presentation based on an AI algorithm pricing. Participants in their 20s and 30s were randomly allocated to one of the stimuli. To test the hypotheses, a total of 257 responses were analyzed using Process Macro 3.4. According to the results, price fairness perception mediated between information provision and continuous use intention when consumers saw the price inequality as a gain. When the consumers perceived high technology insecurity, information provision affected the intention of continuous use mediated by price fairness perception.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.111-122
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the type perceived risk of clothing consumers and the types of information seeking, the relationship between perceived risk and information seeking, and the defferences according to the demographic variables. The surveyed data from 376 college students were analized using Person's correlation, factor analysis, t-test, and ANOVA. The risk perception of clothing consumers was classified into five types: economic and performance risk, loss of time risk, social risk, and loss of fashionability risk. The information seeking was classified into four types: advertisement, observation in shops, information in memory, and opinions of neighbors. The type of risk perception and the types of information seeking were correlated positively and were different according to expenditure on clothing.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.197-203
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• 2019

Background and Objectives: Many studies have reported no benefit of sound localization, but improved speech understanding in noise after treating patients with single-sided deafness (SSD). Furthermore, their performances provided a large individual difference. The present study aimed to measure the ability of speech perception and gap detection in noise for the SSD patients to better understand their hearing nature. Subjects and Methods: Nine SSD patients with different onset and period of hearing deprivation and 20 young adults with normal hearing and simulated conductive hearing loss as the control groups conducted speech perception in noise (SPIN) and Gap-In-Noise (GIN) tests. The SPIN test asked how many presented sentences were understood at the +5 and -5 dB signal-to-noise ratio. The GIN test was asked to find the shortest gap in white noise with different lengths in the gap. Results: Compared to the groups with normal hearing and simulated instant hearing loss, the SSD group showed much poor performance in both SPIN and GIN tests while supporting central auditory plasticity of the SSD patients. Rather than a longer period of deafness, the large individual variance indicated that the congenital SSD patients showed better performance than the acquired SSD patients in two measurements. Conclusions: The results suggested that comprehensive assessments should be implemented before any treatment of the SSD patient considering their onset time and etiology, although these findings need to be generalized with a large sample size.

• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.197-203
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• 2019

Background and Objectives: Many studies have reported no benefit of sound localization, but improved speech understanding in noise after treating patients with single-sided deafness (SSD). Furthermore, their performances provided a large individual difference. The present study aimed to measure the ability of speech perception and gap detection in noise for the SSD patients to better understand their hearing nature. Subjects and Methods: Nine SSD patients with different onset and period of hearing deprivation and 20 young adults with normal hearing and simulated conductive hearing loss as the control groups conducted speech perception in noise (SPIN) and Gap-In-Noise (GIN) tests. The SPIN test asked how many presented sentences were understood at the +5 and -5 dB signal-to-noise ratio. The GIN test was asked to find the shortest gap in white noise with different lengths in the gap. Results: Compared to the groups with normal hearing and simulated instant hearing loss, the SSD group showed much poor performance in both SPIN and GIN tests while supporting central auditory plasticity of the SSD patients. Rather than a longer period of deafness, the large individual variance indicated that the congenital SSD patients showed better performance than the acquired SSD patients in two measurements. Conclusions: The results suggested that comprehensive assessments should be implemented before any treatment of the SSD patient considering their onset time and etiology, although these findings need to be generalized with a large sample size.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.123-134
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• 2001

The purpose of this study to compare the purchasing behaviour of men's business suits, among custom suits, system order, and ready-made suits, centering around the choice of information source, risk perception and benefits sought. The survey of this study was collected from 450 adult male in Seoul. The data was analyzed by factor analysis and ANOVA. The result of this study were as follows : 1. Custom suits, system order, and ready-made suits consumers have a significant difference in the choice of information source. The consumer attaching most importance to the impersonal information source is the system order users, custom suits users, and ready-made suits users respectively. However there was no significant difference in the personal source among 3 different purchasing behaviour of men's suits. 2. For the risk perception, 1) the group who perceived the highest in economic risk is the system order users, followed by custom suits users, and ready-made suits users. 2) the group who perceived performance risk as being the highest concern is the ready-made suits consumers, followed by system order user, and custom suits user. 3) the group who perceived the socio-psychological risk as the highest is the ready-made suits consumers, and followed by custom suits user and system order users. 4) there is no difference among the three groups with respect to the fashionability loss risk. 5) the group of the highest perceiving the useful loss risk is the ready-made suits consumers, and the next is system order users, custom suits users. 6) the group of the highest perceiving the time and convenience loss risk is ready-made suits users, and the next is system order users, custom suits users. 3. For the benefit sought, the group of the highest perceiving the aesthetics is custom suits consumers, and the next is system order users, ready-made suits users.