• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.24-34
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• 2015

The complexity arises in defining the construction quality due to its perception, based on inherent market conditions and their requirements, the diversified stakeholders itself and their desired output. A quantitative survey based approach was adopted in this constructive study. A questionnaire based survey was conducted, for the assessment of construction quality perception and expectations in the context of quality improvement technique. The survey feedback of professionals, from the leading construction organizations/companies of Pakistan were analyzed. The financial capacity, organizational structure, and construction experience of the construction firms formed basis for their selection. After statistical analysis of survey feedback it was found reliable and valid for the inferential purpose to the target population of construction professionals. The quality perception was found to be project scope oriented, considered as an excess cost for a construction project and keeping the rework minimum by qualifying the required quality tests, keeping the defects minimum by ensuring the specifications of supplied material. Any quality improvement technique was expected to address the financial aspects of the construction project for the employer and contractor, by increasing the profitability through reduction in overall cost, reduction in time, reduction in defects and improving the productivity in a construction project. The study is beneficial for the construction professionals to assess the prevailing construction quality perception and the expectations from implementation of any quality improvement technique in construction projects.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2009년도 9th International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.1261-1264
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• 2009

The use of imaging colorimeter systems and associated analytical software to assess display brightness and color uniformity, contrast, and to identify defects is well established. In this paper we describe recent work to extend these methods to classify defects based on human visual perception.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.266-279
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• 1999

Today, Companies are facing the harsh realities of a competitive environment. This is no time for revolutionary change. Instead, Companies are instituting revolutionary change meant to have impact within a very short time frame. Bold steps are required to lead the industry into a future of improved efficiency and significant productivity gains. GE, as well as Intel, Motorola, and other companies adopted a program called Six Sigma, in order to make fundamental changes in the way the company operated to fulfill customers'expectations. Six sigma reduces the occurrence of defects from a 3 sigma level of 66,800 defects per million to a 6 sigma level-less than 4defects per million. The goals and metrics of the company's Six Sigma process clearly have had a positive effect on customer satisfaction and customer perception of the company.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.178-187
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• 2017

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to identify the relationships among perceived parental bonding, illness perception, and anxiety and to determine the influences of perceived parental bonding and illness perception on anxiety in adult patients with congenital heart diseases. Methods: In this study a descriptive correlational design with survey method was utilized. The participants were 143 adult patients with congenital heart disease being cared for in the cardiology out-patient clinic of A medical center. Data were collected using the Parental Bonding Instrument, Illness Perception Questionnaire Revised Scale, and Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and hierarchial regression analyses. Results: There showed significant positive relationships of anxiety with maternal overprotection, consequences, and personal control respectively. Among predictors, maternal overprotection (${\beta}=.45$), consequence (${\beta}=.26$), and personal control (${\beta}=-.03$) had statistically significant influence on anxiety. Conclusion: Nursing interventions to decrease maternal overprotection and negative consequence, and to enhance personal control are essential to decrease the anxiety of adult patients with congenital heart diseases.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.104-113
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• 2012

본 연구는 조경공사 관련 분야에 종사하는 전문가집단을 대상으로 조경공사 하자실태 및 하자에 대한 인식을 알아보고자 전문가들의 조경하자에 대한 하자경험, 하자책임, 하자기간, 하자보수이행 등을 조사분석하였다. 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 하자경험에 관한 사항으로 하자이행에 따른 문제에 대해서 발주기관은 하자문제를 보통정도로 인식하는 반면, 조경건설업체는 하자문제를 심각하게 받아들이고 있었다. 또한 하자보수 시 최우선 고려사항에 대해 발주기관은 하자발생의 원인규명을 중요시 하는 반면 조경건설업체는 하자보수 공사비용을 가장 우선시하고 있었다. 2. 하자책임에 관한 사항으로 먼저 하자책임에 대한 이견의 이유에 대해 발주기관은 하자원인에 대한 정확한 분석 및 처리기준의 부재를 이유로 들었으며, 조경건설업체는 발주자(사용자)의 유지관리 책임의식의 부재를 이유로 보고 있었다. 하자이행을 위한 적합한 방법에 대한 의견으로 발주기관은 객관적인 하자판정 및 처리기준을 따른다고 하였으며, 조경건설업체는 하자 원인을 파악하고 원인자 부담원칙에 의해 분담처리를 해야 한다는 의견을 보였다. 3. 하자기간에 관한 사항으로 먼저 하자담보책임기간 2년에 대한 의견은 발주기관의 경우, 2년을 적정하다고 보는 반면 조경건설업체는 길다고 인식하고 있었다. 또한 하자담보책임기간 시점으로 적합한 시기에 대해서 발주기관은 공사의 전체 준공시점으로 보고 있는 반면, 조경건설업체는 공종별 종료시점을 적당하다고 보고 있어 의견차를 보이고 있었다. 4. 하자이행에 관한 사항으로 먼저 하자담보책임의 제도개선 방안으로 발주기관은 객관적인 하자 판정 및 처리기준수립을, 조경건설업체는 조경공사 유지관리비 반영을 최우선으로 선택하였다. 또한 하자이행을 위해 하자 판정 및 처리기준 제정 시 중요사항으로 발주기관은 객관적인 하자 여부 판정기준을, 조경건설업체는 발주처 및 사용자의 유지관리 방법 및 책임 명시를 각각 중요사항으로 꼽아 의견 차이를 보이고 있었다. 본 연구 결과, 조경공사 하자처리전문기관이 없고 하자판정 및 처리기준과 하자이행체계가 미비하므로 합리적인 하자 처리전문기관을 만들고, 객관적인 판정 및 처리기준의 수립이 필요하다.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.33-46
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• 2004

This study examined the effects of consumers' perceptions and expectations about refund on consumers' behavior to refund and its outcome. Major results of this study could be summarized as follows. First, consumers' perceptions and expectations about refund were higher in the case of defective products. However, consumers' behavior to refund were generally passive resulting in the low chance of refund. When there was no defects in product, consumers perceptions and expectations for refund were generally lower resulting in passive and the low chance of refund. Second, when there was defects in product, both consumers' perceptions and expectation tot refund influenced their active behaviors for refund, but not in the successful outcome. In contrast, when there was no defect, those two variables impacted on the behaviors for refund positively In addition, the more active those behaviors requesting for refunds were, the more successful outcome in refund request.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2007년도 7th International Meeting on Information Display 제7권1호
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• pp.95-97
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• 2007

Large area flicker is one of the most annoying image defects, and it is an inherent characteristic of impulsively driven displays such as CRTs. Recently, LCDs have also adopted impulsive driving methods for improved motion picture quality, therefore LCDs can also show large area flicker. Existing metrics do not account for the non-linearity of human brightness perception. This paper presents an improved large area flicker metric to more accurately quantify large area display flicker performance.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.337-349
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• 2003

This study was dealt with consumers' attitudes and requests for refunds on the basis of data gathered in 1997 and 2000 and examined factors shaping the differences of the consumers' requesting for refunds and investigated variables influencing the presence or absence of requests for refunds. Research outcomes could be summarized as follows. First there were no differences in consumers' searches for information of refunds, degrees of satisfactions for practices of refunds, knowledges for refunds, consumers' expectation for the permission of refunds between two periods Consumers generally showed more active behaviors for the request for refunds in 2000 than in 1997. In cases of defects, the chance of getting refunds was higher while consumers feel greater needs for refund. Second, consumers perception for the necessity of refund and their expectations for successful outcomes were higher in cases of defects than in the opposite case; consumers were also more active to request for refunds and get more positive responses in the former case. Third, in cases of defects in 1997, as consumers faced the unsatisfactory response for their previous requests for refunds, they did not actively request for refunds. In 2000, requesting for refunds were more active as they were more knowledgeable, actively search for information of refunds before their purchases, and expect more positive outcomes for their requests for refund. On the other hand, in cases of no defects in 1997, consumers showed more active behaviors requesting for refunds as their own professional jobs, owned greater consumer expectation for positive outcomes and showed greater satisfactions for the previous requests of refunds. In the survey of 2000, consumers showed active behaviors requesting for refunds as they were highly educated, gather much information for refund, and showed positive expectations for the possibility of refund.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2019

Background and Objectives: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a disorder that usually occurs in the elderly, leading to dementia in some progressive cases. The purpose of this study is to examine the utility of central auditory processing tests as early diagnostic tools for identifying the elderly with MCI. Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted on 20 elderly patients with MCI and 20 healthy matched peers. The speech perception ability in a quiet environment and in the presence of background noise and also temporal resolution were assessed by using Speech Perception in Noise (SPIN) and Gap in Noise (GIN) tests, respectively. Results: The results indicated that the ability to understand speech in a quiet environment did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, SPIN at the three signal-to-noise ratios and the temporal resolution scores were significantly different between the two groups (p<0.001). Conclusions: Individuals with MCI appear to have poorer speech comprehension in noise and a lower temporal resolution than those of the same age, but without cognitive defects. Considering the utility of these tests in identifying cognitive problems, we propose that since the GIN test seems to be less influenced by intervening factors, this test can therefore, be a useful tool for the early screening of elderly people with cognitive problems.

• 대한청각학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2019

Background and Objectives: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a disorder that usually occurs in the elderly, leading to dementia in some progressive cases. The purpose of this study is to examine the utility of central auditory processing tests as early diagnostic tools for identifying the elderly with MCI. Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted on 20 elderly patients with MCI and 20 healthy matched peers. The speech perception ability in a quiet environment and in the presence of background noise and also temporal resolution were assessed by using Speech Perception in Noise (SPIN) and Gap in Noise (GIN) tests, respectively. Results: The results indicated that the ability to understand speech in a quiet environment did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, SPIN at the three signal-to-noise ratios and the temporal resolution scores were significantly different between the two groups (p<0.001). Conclusions: Individuals with MCI appear to have poorer speech comprehension in noise and a lower temporal resolution than those of the same age, but without cognitive defects. Considering the utility of these tests in identifying cognitive problems, we propose that since the GIN test seems to be less influenced by intervening factors, this test can therefore, be a useful tool for the early screening of elderly people with cognitive problems.