• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
• /
• v.47 no.5
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2010

This paper presents a localization perception of a phantom sound image for ultrahigh-definition TV with respect to various loudspeaker configurations; two-horizontal, two-vertical and triplet loudspeakers. Vector base amplitude panning algorithm with modification for non-equidistant loudspeaker setup is applied to create the phantom sound image. In order to practically study the localization performance in real situation, the listening tests were conducted at the on-axis and off-axis positions of TV in normal listening room. A method of adjustment which can reduce the ambiguity of a perceived angle is exploited to evaluate the angles of octave-band signals. The subjects changed the panning angle until the real sound source and virtually panned source were coincident. A spatial blurring can be measured by examining the differences of the panning angles perceived with respect to each band. The listening tests show that the triplet panning method has better performance than vertical panning in view of perceptual localization and spatial blurring at both on-axis and off-axis positions.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.55-66
• /
• 2004

The objectives of this study were to examine how image evaluation and preference of women's clothing color vary according to perceiver's culture, gender, and clothing color; to investigate the differences of image evaluation according to body type and the clothing color; and to disclose what image affects to the clothing color preference of Korean and American. Subjects were 388 Korean and 363 American college men and women. The American evaluated the wearer more elegant, feminine, and neater than the Korean did. Clothing color gave significant influence on perception of all image variables. Koreans showed that red and blue color shirts were perceived to be individualistic. Koreans considered blue, indigo, purple, gray, and black were perceived to be less feminine. This means that they evaluated the colors of blue range and low chroma were masculine according to their traditional attitude. Women were more attracted by indigo and purple, while men tended to evaluate yellow as an appealing color. The evaluation of sociability varied depending on the perceiver's culture and clothing colors. The corpulent body type had negative evaluation rather than the ordinary one without the relation with the color of clothing for Koreans and Americans. The evaluation of sociability of Americans had an interaction effect by the body type and clothing color. Attractiveness gave the first significant influences on clothing color preference, and the next came individual(-) and splendid image for Korean men. The individual image gave Korean men to be negative effect. Attractiveness, elegance, and sociable image gave significant influences on clothing color preference in Korean women. For American men, elegance gave the first significant influences on clothing color preference, and the next came sociability and neatness, while elegance was the first and the next came sociability and attractiveness for American women.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.123-130
• /
• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between health locus of control(HLOC) and eating behavior in obese middle school girls. Method: The sample consisted of 170 obese middle school girls in Seoul. Result: 1. The average scores of HLOC were HLOC-Internal ; 4.11, HLOC-External ; 2.45, HLOC-Chance ; 2.09. 2. The average scores of eating behavior factors were Disinhibition ; 2.69, Dietary Restraint ; 2.67, Hunger ; 2.55. 3. The HLOC-Internal and eating behavior(dietary restraint and hunger) were correlated positively. The HLOC-Chance and disinhibition was correlated positively. But HLOC-Chance and dietary restraint was correlated negatively. The HLOC-External and eating behavior(dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger) were correlated positively. 4. There was not a significant difference in HLOC depending on the demographic characteristics(grade, degree of obesity, father & mother's body shape, existence of obese sibling). There were significant differences in HLOC-Internal and HLOC-External according to thinking about oneself who is obese or not. 5. There was not a significant difference in eating behavior depending on the demographic characteristics(grade, degree of obesity, father & mother's body shape, existence of obese sibling, perception of oneself as a obese). Conclusion: This study has shown a correlation between HLOC and eating behavior. As a result of these findings, clinical and school nurses should be involved in management and counselling of obese girls concerning individual health locus of control and eating behavior.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.251-259
• /
• 2009

Purpose: Climate change affects human health and calls for a health forecasting service. The purpose of this study was to explore the students' actual use and their satisfaction with meteorological information and the demands on health forecasting at a university in South Kyungsang Province. Method: This study used a descriptive design through structured self-report questionnaires including frequency, contents, purpose, perception, satisfaction of meterological information and need and demand of health forecasting. Data were collected from June 1 to 5, 2009 and analyzed using the SPSS 17.0 program. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, $\chi^2$ test and Person's correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. Result: The majority of the students watched the daily weather information to decide about daily work, outdoor activity or habitually. The mean score of need for health forecasting was $3.44{\pm}.81$, and the demand for health forecasting was $2.93{\pm}1.05$. Significant differences were found in the need for health forecasting according to sex, major, and environmental disease. In addition, the higher the satisfaction of health forecasting, the higher the demand for it. Conclusion: I suggest improving the meteorological information system technically and developing a health forecasting service resulting in a healthier and more comfortable life.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.13-22
• /
• 1998

Aircraft and the three-dimensional environment in which they operate are not user-friendly for human beings. As a result, maintaining the proficiencies necessary to safely and efficiently fly an airplane are difficult, and costly. The physiological and emotional status of the human element remains crucial in maintaining safe performance by all crew members. In the study of Hagiwara et al.(1993). they called the physiological and emotional status of the human element into the human alertness or physiological activity and stress, fatigue, circadian rhythm, alcohol. smoking, and self-medication are known the major factors that deteriorate the human alertness. Accordingly. this paper deals with the quantitative and objective performance test based on tracking error and reaction time by means of the new computer test program into which the perception-motion system of human beings is applied. Throughout this experiment using performance test, the results suggest that performance capability in state of sleep deprivation 2 hours and alcoholic 0.05~0.06% in blood were more impaired than one in a normal state, and they further showed statistically significant differences between them, which were influenced by impairment factors of body regulation and pilot's grade. We also obtained the prediction value and the 95% confidence interval of tracking error and reaction time at the normal state for the purpose of distinguishing performance capability between the normal state and the abnormal state. And it is expected that the evaluation of human alertness using performance test will be applied to the quantitative assessment of an each pilot's realistic consciousness/attention, and will lead a flight commander to the accurate decision of mission approval prior to a flight.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.10-19
• /
• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine factors affecting the performance of the forensic nursing role among emergency department (ED) nurses. Methods: Data collection was conducted on 125 nurses of EDs in 9 medical centers in U metropolitan city from June 20 to July 20, 2016. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression using SPSS Win 21.0 program. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the performance of the forensic nursing role according to the types of emergency medical institutions, perception of the forensic nursing and forensic nurse. Performance of the forensic nursing role had positive relationships with the awareness of the forensic nursing role and forensic nursing competency. Factors affecting the performance of forensic nursing role were forensic nursing role awareness, the types of emergency medical institutions and forensic nursing competency. These factors explained 40.8% of the total variance. Conclusion: The results suggest that awareness of the forensic nursing role, forensic nursing competency and the types of emergency medical institutions have influences on the performance of forensic nursing role. Therefore, it is necessary to design interventions suitable for the types of emergency medical institutions for ED nurses to enhance the awareness of forensic nursing role and to reinforce forensic nursing competency.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.87-102
• /
• 2002

Injury has now replaced disease as the biggest single cause of death in children after their first birthday. Each day child dies from preventable, unintentional injury and the medical cost of these injury is increasing remarkably. It is necessary to develope injury prevention models to explain, predict, manage, evaluate and analyze the information about accident. The purpose of this paper is, firstly, to investigate parent's actions regarding safety measures at home and secondly, to identify the influencing factors of parents' safety behaviors. The selection of such factors is guided by the theoretical framework of the Pender's Health Promotion Model. Method ; The questionnaire was developed on the basis of other investigations, through pilot testing, peer review, and review by field health workers. The questionnaire was completed by 231 mothers of young children. Data was collected between April and May 2002. Variable Use of three different domains of safety behavior, safety habits, supervision and perception of safety devices, were listed. Mothers were self reported on internal locus of control, mother & child relationships, and marital intimacy. Also the elements of the Health Promotion Model: perceived benefit, barrier, threat, and self-efficacy, were surveyed. Results & discussion The results indicate that most parents take considerable action to reduce household hazards. The constructs derived from the Model were statistically significant differences for a small part of the variables on parental behavior to reduce hazards in the home, such as age, education, economic status, self-efficacy, perceived benefit, internal locus of control. Future studies ought to include social influences, such as expectations, perceived norms, knowledge, and child-related variables, relevant to parental safety measures in their home.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.412-420
• /
• 2010

With increased complexity of product and market, the phenomenon that a consumer get paradoxical attitude toward marketing object has been increased. And this phenomenon eventually affects the relationship between consumer and product. In this study we tried to find more paradoxical phenomenon and understand consumer behavior confronting these situations when they buy agro-product based on ground theory methodology. According to the results, consumer's expectation and purchase experience can promote quality paradox experience during confronting various marketing activities such as price, product, promotion, place. Also these experience can cause quality paradox related interaction and communication even though there could be differences in their experience according to demographic characteristics, personal preference, and risk perception. Consumer will develop multiple strategies against quality paradox to manage the uncomfortable paradox experiences.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.17-40
• /
• 2014

To improve elementary mathematics education teaching and learning method and environment, the survey of elementary school students' attitude toward mathematics and their images on mathematician was conducted to mathematically gifted students and non-gifted students of 6th grade of elementary school. The study results show that mathematically gifted elementary students have deeper understanding of mathematician and their works than non-gifted students. But they are not enthusiastic to be a mathematician. On average, awareness of domestic mathematician is turned to be significantly low. And most students don't know well of mathematician. Since this study was applied to the limited range of objects, significant results were not shown in external and internal image of mathematician. Thus, the future study needs to generalize the study results by compensating this defect and developing various materials to improve students' attitude toward mathematics and images of mathematician.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.134-140
• /
• 2013

Background The purpose of this study is to analyze the current attitudes toward professionalism, the core values, and the type of professionalism among plastic surgeons in Korea to establish a code of ethics regarding the role of professionalism for plastic and reconstructive surgeons. Methods From March 9, to July 1, 2012, face-to-face and mail surveys were conducted targeting the 325 participants (256 specialists and 69 residents) who are registered members of the Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons. The proportion of each response given to an item was obtained through statistical processing through frequency analysis. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences in the responses between the resident group and the specialist group. Results The survey results on the perception of professionalism in plastic surgery showed that a high proportion (90.5%) of the respondents viewed the future of plastic surgeons as bright. Through evaluation of the importance of the value items,"professional dominance" (4.58 pts), "autonomy" (4.45 pts), "lifestyle" (4.34 pts), and "commercialism" (4.31 pts) were assessed as critical values. "Altruism" (3.84 pts), "interpersonal competence" (3.79 pts), and "social justice" (3.61 pts) were viewed as lesser values. This difference showed the characteristics of an entrepreneurial outlook. Conclusions Plastic surgeons should pursue excellence, humanism, accountability, and altruism in order to overcome the crisis of professionalism in plastic surgery. In order to develop the necessary competencies of professionals, vocational education should be arranged by the Korean Society of Plastic Surgeons, and an appropriate code of ethics should be established.