• 원예과학기술지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.321-326
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• 2000

발아온도를 $10^{\circ}C$에서 $5^{\circ}C$ 간격으로 $35^{\circ}C$까지 달리한 후 priming 종자의 발아율, T50 및 평균발아소요일수(MDG)를 조사하였다. 당근은 -0.50MPa PEG 8000에서 priming한 종자가 무처리에 비하여 $10^{\circ}C$와 $35^{\circ}C$에서 발아율이 높았으며 T50 및 MDG는 모든 발아온도에서 단축효과가 있었다. 그러나 PEG에 100mM $K_3PO_4$ 혼용 priming시 PEG 단용 priming에 비하여 발아력에 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 상추의 무처리는 $30^{\circ}C$와 $10^{\circ}C$에서 단지 2%만 발아 되었으나 50mM $K_3PO_4$에 priming한 종자는 $30^{\circ}C$와 $35^{\circ}C$에서 각각 40%와 21%로 발아율 향상에 효과적이었다. 그리고 $K_3PO_4$ 단용 priming에 비하여 $K_3PO_4$에 200mM $KH_2PO_4$ 혼용 priming시 발아율은 낮았지만 T50 및 MDG는 더 단축되었다. 양파는 200mM $KH_2PO_4$, 파는 100mM $Ca(NO_3)_2$에서 priming시 $10^{\circ}C$와 $35^{\circ}C$에서 발아율 향상에 효과적이었다. 그리고 양파는 $KH_2PO_4$ 단용 priming보다 100mM $Ca(NO_3)_2$ 혼용priming, 파는 $Ca(NO_3)_2$ 단용 priming보다 100mM $KH_2PO_4$ 혼용 priming시 발아율은 향상시키지 못하였으나 T50 및 MDG 단축에는 더 효과적이었다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.142-152
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• 2000

This study is a descriptive study to offer an actual basic data as Nursing intervention strategy of nurses before delivery in order that pregnant women in Korea may effectively practice Taekyo by examining the relation after apprehending level of recognition and practice of our pregnant women about Taekyo. This study collected questionnaires from 801 pregnant women who visited general hospitals in 10 areas(Seoul, Daejon, chunan, Daegu, Kummi, $Ky{\check{o}}ngju$, $P{\ddot{o}}hang$, Busan, $J{\ddot{o}}nju$, and $Y{\ddot{o}}nkwang$) for prenatal care through an outpatient obstetrics and gynecology from July 15 to August 30, 1999. This study used the tool of lee, Ki Young(1993) revised an complemented by investigator to measure recognition of Taekyo and the tool of Jang, Shun Buk and Park, Young Ju(1996) revised and complemented by investigator to measure practice of Taekyo. The Cronbach's alpha value of each tool was .88 in recognition of Taekyo, while the value was .90 in practice of Taekyo. For data analysis, this study used the descriptive and statistical analysis, Pearson correlation, t-test, ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc contrast, and Stepwise multiple regression in accordance with the purpose of this study with using SPSS Win 7.5 program. The results were as follows ; 1. The practice of Taekyo was low in comparison with recognition of Teakyo by showing average 4.28 points and standard deviation 0.48 at level of recognition of pregnant women about Taekyo on the basis of 5 points and showing to show average 2.81 points and standard deviation 0.36 at practice level on the basis of 4 points. 2. They showed the higher level of recognition on Taekyo at high educational background of pregnant woman(F=3.735, p=.005), Roman catholicism (F=4.570, p=.002), satisfied married life(F=5.448, p=.004), high monthly income(F=6.096, p=.000) and cases of hoping pregnancy(F=2.525, p=.012). 3. They showed the higher level of practice on Taekyo at high educational background of pregnant woman(F=2.883, P=.022), Roman catholicism(F=3.616, p=.032), satisfied married life(F=19.924, p=.000), good health condition(F=2.386, p=.017), cases of hoping pregnancy(F=0.677, p=.000), cases of planning pregnancy with husband(F=3.024, p=.001), cases of regular prenatal care before delivery(F=0.241, p=.005), cases of maternal breast feeding (F=9.132, p=.000), and the number of less children(F=2.763, p=.041). 4. In result of examining correlation between recognition and practice of Taekyo, they showed high level of practice on Taekyo under high level of recognition of pregnant women on Taekyo by showing the statistically significant correlation. 5. In result of examining the related factors that affect recognition and practice of Taekyo y the object, practice of Taekyo had 16.8 percents of explanatory range, purpose of practicing Taekyo 8.5 percents of explanatory range, and monthly income 1.9 percent of explanatory range as variables of affecting recognition of Taekyo. The total explanatory range was 27.2 percents, Recognition of Taekyo had 16.1 percents of explanatory ragne, time of starting Taekyo 3.2 percents, health condition 2.2 percents of explanatory range, condition of hoping pregnancy 1.1 percent of explanatory range, satisfaction of married life 0.8 percent of explanatory range, and religion 0.6 percent of explanatory range as variables of affecting practice of Taekyo. The total explanatory range was 24.0 percents.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.208-212
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• 1993

지표에서 l0cm 내외의 토층에 분포되어 있는 모시풀 지하동(흡지)의 안전 월동을 위한 도장 피복의 좋은 방법을 알고자 재식3년～4년째의 백피종의 성국에서 실험한 피복시험 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 관행인 볏짚 1,000kg/10a 피복구의 맹아기 4월 15일에 비하여 투명비닐 피복구는 18일 이나 빠른 3월 28일이었고 볏짚, 구비 또는 왕겨 반양 (500kg/10a)에 투명비닐을 복합 피복한 경우에도 약 2주일이 발랐으며 흑색비밀 피복구도 9일정도 빨랐다. 2. 투명비닐 단용피복은 맹아기는 가장 빨랐으나, 맹아세가 균정하지 못하였고 벗짚, 구비 및 왕겨 반양 + 투명비닐 복합피복구는 맹아도 균일하였다. 3. 투명비닐 피복구는 관행 피복구에 비하여 경수가 50% 증가하였고 볏짚, 구비 또는 왕겨 반양 + 투명 비닐 복합피복구의 경수도 35～39% 증가 발생하였다. 4. 섬유수량에 있어서는 관행 피복구의 137.9kg/10a에 비하여 벗짚 또는 왕겨 반양 + 투명 비닐 복합피복의 경우 36～37% 증수로서 가장 효과적이었다. 5. 무피복구는 맹아기도 24일이 지연된 5월 9일 이었으며 생육도 극히 불진하고 섬유수량도 관행 피복구의 54%에 불과하였다. 6. 모시풀의 주요 작물학적 형질간에는 고도의 정상관관계가 있었으며 맹아기의 조만으로 그해의 생육 및 수양을 예측할 수 있을 것으로 여겨졌다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.578-584
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• 2003

토양오염표준공정시험법과 정적 초임계 $CO_2$ 추출방식을 사용하여 환경오염물질로 알려져 있는 토양 중의 PCBs를 분석하였다. 토양오염표준공정시험법에 의한 PCBs의 평균회수율은 25-35%의 범위였으며 표준편차는 10%를 초과하였다. 이와는 대조적으로, 정적 초임계 $CO_2$ 추출방식에 의한 PCBs의 평균회수율은 토양오염표준공정시험법보다도 2-2.5배 높았으며 표준편차는 7% 이내였다. 이러한 결과들은 정적 초임계 $CO_2$ 추출방식이 토양오염표준공정시험법에서 공인된 시료전처리과정을 대체할 수 있을 가능성을 제시하고 있다. $40^{\circ}C$의 일정한 온도에서 점차적으로 초임계 $CO_2$의 압력을 1130 psi에서 1196 psi로 증가시킴에 따라 토양으로부터 PCB congener의 회수율도 역시 증가하는 경향을 보였으나, 같은 추출조건(같은 온도와 압력)에서 평형시간(5분과 60분)은 회수율의 어떠한 영향도 주지 않았다. 마지막으로, 각 PCB congener의 회수율은 같은 추출조건에서 PCB의 분자량이나 구조(coplanar versus non-coplanar)와는 관계없이 거의 비슷한 수준의 값을 보였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.243-252
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• 2001

Milk constituents and somatic cell count (SCC) were analysed for 4,059 milk samples from 178 dairy farms from April to December in 1999. Correlations among each milk constituents, milk urea (MU) concentration and SCC in association with lactation stage, milk yield and parity, and balancing status of nutrients' supplies were analysed, and the results are summarized as follows; Averages of milk fat percent, total solids percent and milk yield were $3.72{\pm}0.91%$, $12.50{\pm}1.31%$ and $23.80{\pm}8.54kg$, respectively, whereas those were significantly lower during the summer season. In contrast, average of MU concentration was $0.0361{\pm}0.0006%$ which was significantly higher during the summer season. With milk yield, concentrations of fat, protein and SCC in milk decreased but concentrations of lactose and urea in milk and body condition score (BCS) were not altered. Concentrations of fat, protein, lactose, total solids, SNF, and urea in milk were significantly affected by stage of lactation ($P{\leq}0.0001$) but SCC was not changed. Parity of dairy cows had a significant effect on concentrations of fat ($P{\leq}0.02$), lactose ($P{\leq}0.0001$), total solids ($P{\leq}0.002$), and SNF ($P{\leq}0.0001$) in milk and milk yield ($P{\leq}0.0005$) but did not change concentrations of urea and protein in milk. Somatic cell count had significant positive correlationship with percentages of fat, protein and total solids ($P{\leq}0.0001$), respectively, but had negative correlationship with percentages of urea and lactose in milk and milk yield ($P{\leq}0.0001$). Milk urea concentration was negatively correlated with concentrations of protein, fat, total solids, and SNF in milk and milk yield ($P{\leq}0.0001$) and, according to regression analysis using milk urea concentration and SCC, following equation was obtained; $Y(MU)=3.688{\times}10^{-2}-4.04{\times}10^{-7}{\times}X(SCC{\times}1,000)(r^2=0.0038$, $P{\leq}0.0001$). We studied balance between protein and energy supplies to dairy cows in each farm based upon milk urea and protein concentrations, and results showed that 137 of total 178 farms fed cows unbalanced amounts of dietary protein and energy.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2020년도 추계국제학술대회
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• pp.81-81
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• 2020

Pneumonia is infection of air sacs in lungs by bacteria, viruses, fungi and abnormal atmosphere condition. That causes to inflammation and fills up with pus and fulid in air sacs. The symptoms of pneumonia are heavy cough, fever, shortness and rapid respiration and sputum with blood. Also, that remains sequela after the recovery. Thymus quinquecostatus (TQ) has a strong antibacterial effect. That has been used a natural medicine for bronchitis, asthma and nervous inflammation. In this study evaluated anti-inflammatory effects of TQ on IFN (interferon)-γ/TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α (20 ng/ml) stimulation. MRC-5 cells were seeded at 1 × 10⁵ cells/well in a 24-well plate and stabilized overnight at 37℃. The cells were treated with various concentrations of TQ extracts (DW, 30, 50, 70, 95% EtOH, 0.1~100 mg/ml) for 4h, Subsequently IFN-γ/TNF-α (20 ng/ml) was added to each well and incubated over 12h. the production of inflammatory cytokines were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay(ELISA) method. The absorbance was measured at 450 nm using microplate reader. The treatment with TQ extract at dose of 0.1 to 100 mg/ml did not show cytotoxicity in MRC-5 cells (showed cytotoxicity at 95% EtOH 100 mg/ml). The results demonstrated that stimulation of TNF-α/IFN-γ significantly increased the production of inflammatory mediators in the MRC-5 cells compared with unstimulated cells. By contrast, treatment with TQ extreats doses of 0.001 to 10 mM significantly suppressed the production of IL-6 and IL-8. Especially. The higher percent of ethyl alcohol extracts suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines. This results are considered that essential oil of TQ is extracted according to ethyl alcohol percent. Therefore, TQ has potential to mitigate pulmonary disease that can be used a medicine for pneumonia

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2015

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to find out the effect of changes in the differentiated "servicescape" on the business performance in the hair salon industry using a case study. For this, we selected hair salon M located in Suwon. The shop is innovatively different from existing shops in terms of spatial layout and functionality. We conducted in-depth research, beginning with the launch of the shop concept through investment and ongoing stable sales. Research design, data, and methodology - The M hair salon is a start up shop providing a differentiated servicescape (physical environment where the service takes place) located in Suwon, Yeongtong-gu. We conducted research to investigate how spatial layout and functionality of the servicescape impact customers' perceived quality. The interview period and case analysis was May 2014 through March 2015, covering 11 months. To conduct the case analysis, we analyzed the spatial layout and functionality of existing shops and interviewed customers and experts about the difference between hair salon M and existing shops. Results - Our results found clues to the positive effect of spatial layout and functionality among servicescape factors on perceived service quality at the salon. The shop showed a fast payback of the principal investment, growth potential in contrast to competitors near the salon, and 45 percent returning customers. The problem with the spatial layout at existing shops was that customers were aware of the way other people were looking at them, since viewing angles overlapped, therefore there was a limitation to the relationship intensity with an exclusive hair designer. In contrast, the layout of the stands at the M salon kept the number of dressing stands limited to maximize the customer's emotional response. Additionally, because of the new layout of dressing stands hiding other customer voices and appearance in the salon, customers perceived their service space as independent. Therefore, they did not have to focus on their personal emotional response, which was one of the advantages of the new layout. Conclusions - This study conducted case study analysis by offering a new perspective focusing on spatial layout, previously not considered as an independent variable of quality evaluations and customer satisfaction in existing literature on hair salon management. Therefore, this study contributes to the field by offering an opportunity to discover the causal relationships between the overlooked physical environment and a customer's perceived quality. However, a process objectifying the results of the study through empirical analysis and hypotheses is needed to overcome the limitations of the case study approach and generalize the results. Moreover, it would be beneficial to conduct further empirical study of the relationship between the spatial layout provided in the case and a customer's emotional response and change in mood. In addition, an analysis is needed regarding how customers feel about the factors using the Kano Model. These suggestions would be considered in further study.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2006

목적 : 자기공명영상 화질을 평가하는 팬텀으로서 코일 장착도구가 내장된 새로운 형태의 팬텀을 개발하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 자기공명영상 화질평가항목인 절편 두께 정확도, 공간 분해능, 대조도 분해능, 기하학적 정확도, 절편 위치 정확도, 영상강도 균일성, 고스트 신호 백분율, 신호대잡음비 등 총 8개의 사양을 가진 팬텀을 고안하였다. 팬텀의 코일 장착을 위한 장치가 팬텀 표면에 설치 되었다. 개발된 팬텀의 임상적용가능성을 알아보기 위하여 6개의 다른 종류의 자기공명영상기기를 사용하여 영상을 습득하였고 이들 화질이 평가되었다. 결과 : 사용된 모든 자기공명영상기기에서 영상평가에 문제가 없는 영상을 보여주었고 그들의 평가결과는 일부 평가항목에서 실측치와 비교하여 적절한 값 범위에 있음을 확인하였다. 코일장착도구를 사용하여 팬텀을 두부용 코일 안에 설치하는 데 문제가 없음을 확인하였다. 결론 : 본 논문에서 개발된 팬텀은 자기공명영상 화질을 평가하는 데 있어 그 임상적용 가능성이 있음을 보여주었다.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.131-149
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• 2004

With trend of container ships becoming larger and faster, the environment surrounding ports in North-East Asia is rapidly changing. Korea's largest port of Busan processed more than 10 million 20- feet equivalent containers in 2003, surpassing the 10-million TEU mark for the first time in its three decades of operation. However, the Port of Busan , the world's third-largest port in 2002, was eclipsed by Shanghai since July in 2003. The first massive strike of truckers crippled the Korea's logistics system in May and in September, the Port of Busan suffered from the second strike of truckers and damage by a powerful typhoon. By contrast, the port of Shenzhen in China increased its container-processing volume by 39.9 percent to 10.65 million TEU in 2003, and Shanghai, which passed Busan in terms of container volume in the middle of last year, further consolidated its position as the world's No. 3 port with an annual volume of 11.28 million TEU. After all, Busan recorded an annual container volume of 10.40 million TEU, slipping to fifth in rankings in 2003 and Busan's bid to become a Northeast Asian hub has suffered a further setback as these chinese ports overtook the port of Busan. But the port of Busan is located in the main trunk liking North America, Europe and South-East Asia. Once the project of Busan Newport is accomplished and the railway between South and North Korea is connected to TCR and TSR, the Port of Busan will have the most potential to become the international logistics center as the starting point of the land and sea routes encompassing all over the world.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제54권11호
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• pp.865-873
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• 2016

Background/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Nd:YAG irradiation on adherence of retrograde filling materials (mineral trioxide aggregate [MTA] and Super-EBA) by micro-computed tomography (CT) measurement and to observe the dentinal surface after irradiation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials and methods: Forty retrofilling models using extracted human teeth were divided into four groups according to the material and method used: ProRoot MTA (MTA group), Super-EBA (EBA group), MTA with Nd:YAG laser irradiation (LMTA group), and Super-EBA with Nd:YAG laser irradiation (LEBA group). All specimens were stored in 100% humidity for 24 hours until micro-CT was performed. The gap volume of the tooth/material interface was measured using the CTAn program. In six samples, the laser-irradiated dentin surface was observed using SEM. Results: The mean percent difference in gap volume was not statistically significant between the Nd:YAG laser-irradiated groups and non-irradiated in both materials(P > 0.05). The gap volume in the MTA group was significantly lower than that in the EBA group (P < 0.05). Examination of the non-irradiated specimens by SEM showed patent dentinal tubules. In contrast, alterations in the texture of the dentin surface and obliteration of the dentinal tubules were evident in the Nd:YAG laser-irradiated specimens. Conclusion: In this study, changes in the dentinal surface after Nd:YAG irradiation did not affect adherence between the apical filling material and the dentin wall.