• Educational Technology International
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.237-262
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• 2023

This study focuses on the instructor's role in student-centered learning and aims to test the effects and moderating role of instructor feedback on perceived loafing in team project-based learning. A conditional effect model including team efficacy, perceived loafing, instructor feedback, and team performance was proposed. Data were collected from students who registered for team project-based learning courses at a university in South Korea. A total of 420 cases were subjected to moderated mediation analysis. The results demonstrated that instructor feedback was negatively related to perceived loafing and moderated the relationship between team efficacy and perceived loafing. Furthermore, instructor feedback moderated the relationship between perceived loafing and team performance. In particular, even when perceived loafing was high, students who received frequent instructor feedback were found to significantly reduce the damage to team performance. Based on these findings, the importance of instructors' facilitation in team project-based learning is discussed.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.73-88
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• 2012

This study examines the role of perceived feedback and motivations on the use for contribution in Knowledge Management Systems (KMS). An individual expects responses from others when he or she posts the knowledge or questions of soliciting knowledge in KMS. If an individual posts a message and there are many responses, motivation to use KMS will develop. Prior research has considered feedback a potential factor that would affect an individual's motivation, such as self-efficacy, but there is few prior works that have tested empirically on how feedback can influence an individual's motivations as well as the use for contribution in KMS. Perceived feedback can be categorized into feedback on posted knowledge and feedback on knowledge request postings. The results of the study show that motivations such as organizational reward, knowledge self-efficacy, and enjoyment of helping, except for social reward, are associated with the use for contribution. Our results also show that among perceived feedback, feedback on posted knowledge affects motivation and use for contribution while feedback on knowledge request postings directly influences the use for contribution.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.53-69
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• 2007

Internet shopping websites have offered comfort to consumers in shopping and built trust relationships with them by providing electronic agents for recommendation, escrow services, and customer centers etc. But as there is little big difference among the shopping websites in terms of technical competence, website design, operational policy, they recognize online feedback (reviews or recommendation of consumers or experts) and online feedback mechanism as important marketing tools. Based on online feedback related studies, this study explores antecedents (consensus, vividness of reviews, interactions in review boards) of the perceived effectiveness of review boards which are text-based feedback mechanisms and its consequences such as trust, satisfaction, and intention to use. The results show that the perceived effectiveness of review boards is significantly affected by vividness of reviews and interactions in review boards, and the impact of interaction in review boards on the perceived effectiveness of review boards is stronger than that of vividness of reviews. The results also show that the perceived effectiveness of review boards has a significant influence on trust and satisfaction with the shopping websites, and intention to use is influenced by both trust and satisfaction.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.146-154
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• 2018

Purpose: In this study, effects of positive, negative, and mixed verbal feedback were examined for accuracy of self-assessment, emotional responses, self-efficacy, and perceived quality of feedback in skill performance assessment. Methods: Participants were a convenience sample of 104 second-year nursing students who had completed their fundamentals of nursing class. Participants were assigned randomly to a positive, a negative or a mixed feedback group. All participants completed the performance measure and then received the assigned the type of feedback from an evaluator. After delivery of feedback, they assessed their own performance using the same sheet as the evaluator and completed the survey for emotional response, self-efficacy for learning, and quality of feedback. Results: There were no significant differences in accuracy of self-assessment and perceived quality of feedback among the three groups ($x^2=4.74$, p=.094; $x^2=3.30$, p=.192, respectively). The negative feedback group had significantly lower self-efficacy and positive emotions and more negative emotions than the other two groups (F=9.43, p=.009; $x^2=16.29$, p<.001; $x^2=5.69$, p=.005, respectively). Conclusion: Negative feedback can affect emotions and motivations for learning in nursing students and may interfere with the effectiveness of feedback, so instructors should pay more attention when providing negative feedback. Mixed feedback with an effect similar to positive feedback could be an alternative.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2017

본 논문은 기존 노년층과는 다른 특성을 보이는 액티브 시니어의 사용자 경험 문제를 도출해 내기 위한 연구로 먼저 선행 연구분석을 통하여 'Visible', 'Desired Outcome', 'Immediate Feedback', 'Intuitiveness', 'Perceived Ease of Use'의 다섯 가지 요소를 사용자 interaction의 초기단계를 이루는 요소로 추출하였고 이를 기반으로 Interface 사용 중에 사용자의 행위와 인지 내용을 분석하였다. 이를 통해 사용과정에서 생기는 문제점을 도출하였으며, 다섯 가지 요소와 사용자의 주관 평가 간의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 사용자 경험의 주관 평가에는 PSSUQ를 사용하였으며 SPSS 22 버전을 사용하여 pearson 상관 분석을 실시하였다. 본 논문의 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, App 사용 시 액티브 시니어 사용자들이 겪는 가장 큰 문제는 desired outcome차원의 문제로 볼 수 있다. 둘째, interface assessment 다섯 가지 요소 중 'Desired Outcome', 'Perceived Ease of Use' 두 가지 요소만이 PSSUQ 설문 결과와 통계적으로 유의미한 상관관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났으며 나머지 'Visible', 'Immediate Feedback', 'Intuitiveness'의 세 요소는 사용자의 주관 평가와 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 본 논문의 연구결과에 의하면 액티브 시니어는 기존의 노년층과는 다른 특징을 가지고 있어 'Desired Outcome'과 'Perceived ease of use'차원의 문제가 더 많은 영향을 미치는 요소로 볼 수 있으며 기존의 연구에서 중요한 요소로 거론한 'Visible', 'Immediate feedback', 'Intuitiveness'는 명확한 상관관계가 없는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 이는 기존 노년층과 달리 액티브 시니어의 경우 PC나 스마트폰 사용 경험의 누적으로 인하여 visible, immediate feedback, intuitiveness 등의 요소에 어려움을 적게 겪기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 본 논문의 연구 결과는 다양한 수요를 보이고 있는 액티브 시니어용 App의 개발에 의미 있게 활용될 것이다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.186-196
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify types of peer feedback in nursing skills performance training and to investigate emotional response, perceived quality of feedback and self-efficacy for learning from peer feedback. Methods: A total of 110 second-year nursing students attending fundamentals of nursing classes at a university participated in 2017. Participants received peer feedback from one selected colleague who observed their skills performance, and completed a questionnaire. Contents of peer feedback video recordings were transcribed and classified into seven types of feedback. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation. Results: Participants mostly received feedback of 'correcting' and 'providing information.' Positive emotional responses from peer feedback were above medium, and negative emotional responses were low. The perceived quality of peer feedback was moderate and self-efficacy for learning was high. Quality of feedback correlated with negative emotional response (r=-.24, p=.014), and self-efficacy for learning (r=.35, p<.001). Self-efficacy for learning correlated with intimacy with peers (r=.24, p=.011) and positive emotional response (r=.21, p=.028). Conclusion: The results suggest that peer feedback in skill training could be used in terms of emotional response and self-efficacy for learning.

• 한국HCI학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2016

가전제품과 사용자와의 상호작용 방식이 다양해지고 있다. 사용자는 리모컨, 터치스크린 등으로 기기를 제어할 수 있고, 기기 역시 사운드, 음성, 시각적 신호 등 다양한 방식으로 사용자에게 피드백을 줄 수 있게 되었다. 그러나 사용자의 조작 방식에 따른 피드백 방식을 배정하는 원칙이나 기준이 없어 각 브랜드, 기기 별로 임의로 배정되어 있는 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 사용자가 가전제품을 음성 명령을 통해 조작할 때와 버튼으로 조작할 때 가전제품에서 주어지는 피드백의 방식으로 음성, 소리 중 어떤 방식이 적절한지 실험을 통해 알아보았다. 본 연구에서는 조작 방식(음성 인식, 버튼), 피드백 방식(음성 안내, 소리)의 조합으로 구성 된 총 4가지($2{\times}2$) 셀을 갖는 요인 설계 실험을 진행하였고, 조작 방식과 피드백 방식의 조합에 따라 피 실험자가 느끼는 사용성, 만족도, 선호도, 적합도가 달라지는지 살펴보았다. 그 결과 가전제품을 음성 인식으로 조작 하는 것이 사용 용이성, 조작 만족도가 높았다. 하지만 버튼으로 조작 했을 때는 피드백 방식의 종류에 따라 사용 용이성, 조작 만족도가 달라지는 것으로 나타나, 조작 방식과 피드백 방식의 상호작용 효과가 검정되었다. 조작 방식, 피드백 방식의 조합이 가전에 적절한지에 대해서는 피드백 방식의 주효과가 검정되었다. 결론적으로 음성 인식으로 조작 할 때는 피드백이 소리(earcons)로 제시되는 것이 만족도가 높았으나 이는 통계적으로 검정 되는 정도는 아니었으며, 버튼을 조작 할 때는 피드백이 음성 안내로 제시되는 것이 만족도가 높았으며 이는 통계적으로 검정 되었다. 또한 가전에 어떠한 조작 방법이나 피드백 방법이 적절한지에 대해서는 피드백 방법이 주로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.225-234
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• 2021

팬데믹으로 인해 생활의 중심이 집으로 이동함에 따라 집을 다양한 활동에 최적화된 공간으로 만들어줄 수 있는 가정용 로봇의 개발이 활발하다. 이 연구는 로봇이 작업을 수행하는 상황에 따라 피드백을 하기 위한 접근 또는 회피 움직임이 사용자 경험에 미치는 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 작업 수행 상황과 움직임 조건에 따라 6가지 시나리오를 구성하여, 각 조건에 따른 호감도, 인지된 지능, 친밀감, 부정적 태도, 행동 예측가능성을 측정하였다. 실험 결과, 작업 수행 상황에서는 인지된 지능과 친밀감, 행동 예측가능성에서 주효과가 나타났고, 움직임 조건에서는 호감도, 인지된 지능, 친밀감에서 주효과가 나타났다. 상호작용 효과는 호감도와 인지된 지능에서만 나타났다. 결론적으로 로봇의 움직임에도 접근-회피 경험을 적용할 수 있고, 회피에 따른 부정적 효과를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-26
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• 2007

This study aimed to investigate how EFL learners perceived English writing tasks and teachers' written feedback. The subjects were 82 mixed major college EFL students aged 19-24; the majority were freshmen females. Based on the scores estimated from the essay evaluation test, they were placed into two groups (proficienand less-proficient writers) and responded to an in-class questionnaire. The results indicated that: (1) regardless of writing proficiency, a large number of the students felt that they were just fair writers, which could be derived from low confidence and high anxiety; (2) grammar and vocabulary were perceived as the main features that determined good EFL writers and also prevented the students from performing the writing task successfully; (3) they believed that teachers' feedback contributed to the development of their English writing skills because it helped them apprehend what to improve or avoid in the future, acquire better English usage, and correct their errors; and (4) the proficient writers were more willing to correct errors themselves after being provided clues than the less-proficient writers. Implications of the findings for EFL classrooms are discussed.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.363-370
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• 2013

Objective: This study investigates the influences of vibrations on hedonic satisfaction based on four kinds of perceptions (perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment, cognitive concentration) when mobile gaming. Background: As mobile gaming is becoming more and more popular for smartphone users, they might want to have more hedonic satisfaction instead of focusing on traditional usability criteria such as efficiency, effectiveness, and satisfaction. Method: We conducted a human-factors experiment with 35 male subjects to evaluate hedonic satisfaction in the mobile game configured by 7 vibration types having different levels of intensity and length. Results: The results revealed that the use of vibration significantly increases the perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and cognitive concentration. In addition, the intensity of vibration makes differences of perceived usefulness and cognitive concentration. Conclusion: Vibration can be effectively used to improve hedonic satisfaction of smartphone users in mobile gaming when they are not allowed to turn the sound effects on. Application: This study helps game designers effectively provide vibration feedback of mobile games for smartphone users.