• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.385-398
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• 2016

In a world where opportunities and chances are common, the phenomenon referred to as "generation maybe" describes people in their 20s and early 30s who are usually being indecisive. With the increase in breadth of information and choices, the number of people who are hesitant in deciding whether to purchase increases at a fast pace, as does the number of products and services targeting this group. In order to enhance our understanding of the phenomenon of consumer hesitation, this study explores contextual factors and consumer characteristics that affect consumer hesitation in the purchase decision-making process. Specifically, this study examines whether seven contextual factors, self-determination tendencies, and five decision-making styles influence consumer hesitation in the product decision making process. An online survey was administered to test our research questions. A total of 309 Korean consumers (female=48.9%) aged from 20 to 35 were surveyed. A regression analysis revealed that four contextual factors (product involvement, need for information on alternatives, relative price, and uncertain need), two sub-dimensions of self-determination (perceived competence and relatedness), and two decision-making styles (price seeking and advice seeking) have noticeable influences on consumer hesitation. We also found that the degree of consumer hesitation positively influences consumer post-purchase satisfaction. The study concludes with discussions and practical implications.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.5 s.83
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• pp.251-270
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• 2006

This study examined how the households used and combined financing sources to pay for college education. It compared the probability of using each source (current incomes, saving, education loans and grants) by households' socio-economic characteristics and analyzed which factors influence the decision to use each source and the amounts from each source for financing college education. Data for this study were from a questionnaire completed by 4-year college students (n=623) and were analyzed by t-tests, ANOVA and Heckman's two-step estimation models. The findings of this study were as follows: First, the most frequent source for college education was parents' savings and the second one was parents' incomes. Also, the most frequent combination of sources was saving and current incomes and the second was combination of three sources, saving, incomes and education loans. Second, the probability of using incomes was higher for younger students than for older students. The number of siblings showed significant differences among income, savings and education loans. Those who had higher incomes were more likely to use current incomes, saving, but less likely to borrow for financing college education. Middle-class income groups were more likely to borrow for education. Third, household incomes and asset holdings had generally positive impacts on the probability of using incomes and savings for college education, while total debt burden decreased both the probability and amounts of income and saving sources. The college costs had significantly positive effects on both the probability and the amounts of all of financing sources. Total grants received significantly decreased the amounts from incomes, savings and borrowing sources.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.786-794
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• 2002

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate how adolescents' behavior is correlated with child abuse they experience, and how childrearing attitude of mothers perceived by the adolescents is correlated with child abuse experience by the adolescents. Method: A convenient sampling strategy was used. A total of 160 adolescents participated in this study. Of the 160 responses, 116 were used for final analysis. The data were analyzed using K-YSR program and SPSSWIN. Result: The results were as follows. Mild child abuse experiences reported by the subjects were Throwing the object at me (12.9%, N = 15), Clutching and pushing (12.9%, N = 15), and Slapping on the cheek (14.7%, N = 17)'. Severe child abuse experiences reported by the subjects were Kicking, pounding and biting (10.3%, N = 10), Rod, stick, belt, broom beating using various objects (41.4%, N = 38), and Beating all over the body (6.7%, N = 8). Very severe child abuse experiences reported by the subjects were Burning with cigarette (0.4%, N = 1), Threatening me with objects such as a knife, a hammer, an axe, or a gimlet (0.8%, N = 2). Injuring me with the objects (0.4%, N = 1), and Hospitalized by belting (0.4%, N = 1). In terms of correlations among the main study variables, physical child abuse had significant positive correlations with externalizing problem (r=.271, p=.001) and total behavioral problem (r=.288, p=.002). Physical child abuse also had a significant positive correlation with authoritarian childrearing attitude of mother (r=.363, p=.000). Physical child abuse had significant negative correlations with mothers affectionate childrearing attitude (r=-.191, p=.050) and active participative childrearing attitude (r=-.101, p=.035). Conclusion: Mothers childrearing attitude is a salient factor for preventing child abuse. In addition, child abuse is an important factor for preventing adolescent's behavioral problem.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.41-57
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• 2017

Purpose - With the growth of the duty free shop field and an increase in the executive interest in it, it becomes necessary to examine if PBZ (1988) SERVQUAL could be applied to duty free shop service reflecting on this increased interest and the importance of marketing strategy alternative managing multinational customers. Therefore, the present research focused on the comparison of Korean and Chinese consumers. We examined how service quality would affect relationship quality and customer loyalty. Research design, data, and methodology - Surveys were distributed to 235 Korean and 220 Chinese consumers who have visited a Korean duty free shop. We analyzed frequency analysis, mean difference analysis, and reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation model analysis, and multi-group analysis. Results - First, perceived tangibles, responsiveness, empathy, assurance, price benefits, product diversity, and IT convenience of duty free shop service all appeared to be positive effect on customer satisfaction; at the same time, only tangibles, responsiveness, empathy, assurance, and price benefits positively affected customer trust. Secondly, customer satisfaction and trust that are the components of the relationship quality appeared to be positive effect on customer loyalty. Thirdly, customers' satisfaction was found to play a full mediating role effect among all of the service quality factors with customer loyalty; however, customer trust was found to have the mediating effects only with tangibles, empathy, assurance, and price benefits. Fourthly, we found a difference between how service quality influences relationship quality and how service quality influences customer loyalty as a function of different nationality. As a result, it appeared that price benefits and IT convenience affected customer satisfaction more among Koreans than among Chinese. Finally, it appeared that customer satisfaction and trust affected customer loyalty more among Chinese than among Koreans. Conclusions - The results of this study contribute to the theoretical knowledge, but also provide strategic alternatives to enhance differentiation, international competence of enterprises led by duty free shop and service quality improvement and customer loyalty of enterprises are drawn as a foundation for constructing international customer relationship in future global era.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.135-145
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• 2017

The purpose of the study is to investigate the converging factors influencing communication competence, nursing service quality and satisfaction, A self-reported questionnaire was filled out from August 1 to October 15, 2016 and the study subjects were 193 patients and 184 nurses. The IBM SPSS version 23.0 statistics program was used for analysis of the collected data. Significant factors influencing patients' perception of nursing service satisfaction were occupation, the nurse's communication skills, and nursing service quality, with a total explanatory power of 78.5%. Significant factors influencing nurses' perception of nursing service satisfaction were age, the nurse's communication skills, and nursing service quality, with a total explanatory power of 70.6%. The results of this study will be helpful in individual treatment for satisfaction of nursing service. To improve nursing service satisfaction, educational programs need to be developed that can enhance continuous communication skills and nursing service quality.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.351-369
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Korean Children's Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (K-CRSQ). In order to investigate the reliability and validity of the K-CRSQ, the data were collected from 286 elementary students. The results are as follow : Internal consistency and test -retest reliability of the K-CRSQ were .83~.89, .72~.79, respectively. To test the convergent and discriminant validity, participants were separated into two samples and administered the K-CRSQ and ten validity indices. The correlation of K-CRSQ and validity indices scores suggested that the convergent and discriminant validity are high. High rejection sensitivity group revealed high score on intentional attribution, depression, anxiety, and aggression. In contrast, low rejection sensitivity group revealed high score on self-esteem, perceived competence, and social support. The results were compared with previous studies and the implication and limitation were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.163-175
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• 1997

This study investigated the relationship between mother's verbal control modes and children's social competency, the relationship between mother's verbal control modes and children's internal-external control, and the relationship between children's internal-external control and children's social competency. The subjects of this study were 157 boys and 144 girls attending elementary schools and their mothers in Busan. Lee's(1993) questionnaire on mother's verbal control modes, the modified version of Nowicki and Strickland's CN-SIE on internal-external control and Choi's(1992) questionnaire on social competence were used. The results were as follows: 1) The mothers control their children mostly by position-oriented mode. And mother's imperative mode for boys differed significantly from that for girls. Boys perceived mother's verbal control mode as more imperative. 2) There were significant negative correlations between mother's imperative mode and boy's social competency, between mother's imperative mode and boy's anxiety, and between mother's imperative mode and boy's internal-external control and boy's social competency, and between boy's internal-external control and boy's leadership. There were significant correlations between mother's position-oriented mode and girl's leadership, between mother's position-oriented mode and girl's, affection on parents, between mother's position-oriented mode and girl's internal-external control. There were significant negative correlations between girl's internal-external control and girl's anxiety. 3) Children's internal-external control was the predictor variable influencing on children' social competency, children's leadership. Children's sex was the predictor variable influencing on children' anxiety. And the mother's imperative mode and the mother's position-oriented mode were the predictor variables influencing on children' affection on parents.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

Purpose : This study aims to provide fundamental information for increasing a physical therapist's empowerment and suggesting effective ways to incorporate humor into the physical therapist's organizations by investigating a level of perceived sense of humor and empowerment, as well as examining the relationship between them. Method : This study was conducted in the country's 9 general hospitals, 11 rehabilitation hospitals, 20 clinics. The data of general characteristics, sense of humor, and empowerment were collected from 1 August 2012 to 25 August 2012. A total of 300 clinical instructors were distributed and collected. The call response rate was 94.7%(n=284). The collected data were analyzed by spss/pc + 12.0 Result : 1. The mean score of the physical therapist's sense of humor was $56.53{\pm}05.58$ out of 84 and each of the sub-dimensions were scored in order of emotional expressiveness, liking of humor and metamessage sensitivity. 2. The mean score of the physical therapist's empowerment was $56.67{\pm}12.72$ out of 84 and each of the sub-dimensions scored in order of meaning, competence, self-determination and impact. 3. There was no significant difference between the sense of humor and the empowerment(r=0.093, p=0.118). 4. There were no significant difference in sense of humor. 5. There were significant differences in the levels of the empowerment by sex, marriage, workers satisfaction, age, attainment in scholarship, workplace, and duration of work. Conclusion : Although there was no significant difference between the sense of humor and the empowerment. the sub-dimension of human preference was significant.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.455-465
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• 2015

This study aims to provide basic data for hospital organizational management by analyzing perception of organizational culture of general hospital employees and its effect on organizational trust activities. A total of 437 employees from the 5 general hospitals in G city were surveyed with anonymous self-administered questionnaires and the result was analyzed by t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. As a result, there were differences in the perception of organizational trust culture depending on sex, age, education, and income. The perception of organizational trust culture had a significantly positive correlation with organizational trust activities. The factors such as consideration, social responsibility, morality, and competence had a significantly positive effect on organizational trust activities. This study would help to improve the organizational trust that is perceived by hospital employees by improving organizational trust culture with policy and institutional support.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2011

Purpose: This study seeks to assess the educational needs pertaining to staff competency for alcohol prevention services in the workplace. Methods: The subjects were staff in charge of alcohol prevention services in four organizations. A questionnaire was modified pursuant to the IC & RC (International Certification & Reciprocity Consortium) Certified Prevention Specialist role delineation. The questionnaire consisted of five domains with 27 items. Data were collected via the self-administered questionnaire from October to November of 2009. 400 questionnaires were mailed and 144(36.0%) were returned. The collected data were analyzed using the Borich's needs assessment model and with SPSS/WIN 15.0. Results: Overall mean scores for the importance levels of competency ratings were 3.79, while the performance levels of the competency were 2.13 and Borich's need results were 6.32. Public Health and Mental Health Center showed the highest degree of educational needs in terms of education & program development (p=.022). Conclusion: The perceived importance levels pertaining to staff competency for alcohol prevention services in the workplace were higher than those of the current performance levels. Staff working for alcohol prevention services in the workplace showed a different level of educational need as regards these competency levels according to service providers. To promote the effectiveness of alcohol prevention services in the workplace, the development of an educational program to meet the needs of the service providers is necessary.