• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.137.2-138
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• 2003

The commercial cultivars of red pepper were screened against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) and Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV) by seedling test. Tn single infection of TMV or PMMoV, mosaic symptom was produced on the cultivars of 'Cheongyang'and 'Wangshilgun'. However, in cultivars of 'Manilla'and 'Bugang', symptoms were not occurred. In single infection of PepMoV, symptoms of mottle and malformation were produced on the tested cultivars of 'Manilla', 'Bugang', 'Cheongyang'and 'Wangshilgun' In the cultivars of 'Cheongyang'and 'Wangshilgun', synergistic symptoms of stunt and lethal death were induced by mixed infections in the two combinations of TMV+PepMoV and PMMoV+PepMoV. However, in cultivars of 'Manilla'and 'Bugang', synergistic symptom was not occurred as mottle which was milder than that of single infection. Cells were single infected with TMV and PMMoV the cultivars of 'Cheongyang'and 'Wangshilgun', respectively, had typical ultrastructures of tobamovirus as the stacked-band structure and multiple spiral aggregate (SA). Ultrastructures of cell and tissues infected with PepMoV on the cultivars of 'Cheongyang', 'Wangshilgun', 'Manilla'and 'Bugang', the potyvirus inclusions of pinwhills, scrolls, lamminated aggregates and amorphous inclusion were observed. Infected cells with a combination of TMV+PepMoV and PMMoV+PepMoV, the virus particles and inclusions of the two different viruses were found only mixed infection in the same cytoplasm and the amounts of viruses in mixed infections were abundant than in single infection. The angled-layer aggregates (ALA) was observed in the cells infected mixedly with TMV and PepMoV

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제38B권9호
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• pp.700-706
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 위성 통신에서 신뢰성 향상을 위한 랜덤 선형 네트워크 코딩 적용 기술을 제안한다. 제안하는 프로토콜에서는 PEP (Performance Enhancement Proxy)에서 네트워크 코딩된 여분의 패킷을 전송하여 만약 데이터 패킷이 무선 채널 에러에 의해 손실되었다 할지라도 복구 할 수 있다. 또한 본 논문에서는 제안한 프로토콜을 위성 통신에 적용했을 때의 TCP 처리율 수학적 모델을 제시하고 제안한 프로토콜의 성능을 평가했다. 성능 평가 결과, 제안하는 프로토콜은 발신 측 PEP에서 여분의 네트워크 코딩된 패킷을 전송하고 수신 측 PEP에서 여분의 네트워크 코딩된 패킷을 이용하여 손실된 패킷을 복구하기 때문에 패킷 손실률을 감소시켜 기존 TCP보다 처리율 측면에서 우수한 성능을 나타냈다.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 DVB-RCS 네트워크에서 cross-layer와 네트워크 코딩 기반 PEP 기술을 제안한다. 제안한 PEP 기술에서는 TCP와 링크 단 간 위성 자원 할당 정보 교환을 제공할 수 있는 cross-layer 정보 교환 기법을 제안하고, 할당된 위성 자원 정보와 NC-R (Network-Coded Redundancy) 패킷 전송률에 의한 TCP 혼잡제어윈도우 튜닝 기법을 제안한다. 시뮬레이션 결과 제안한 PEP 기술을 사용하면 TCP에서 사용가능 한 자원을 조사하기 위한 지연 없이 바로 최대 이용 가능한 TCP 혼잡제어 윈도우 값을 사용할 수 있는 것을 살펴 볼 수 있었다. 또한 제안한 PEP 기법에서는 TCP 혼잡제어윈도우 튜닝 기법과 NC-R 패킷 전송을 통하여 패킷 손실이 발생할 수 있는 이동형 단말 환경에서도 불필요한 위성 자원 사용 없이 TCP 데이터 처리율을 향상 할 수 있는 것을 볼 수 있었다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2009

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is a medical problem occurring as damage to the myocardium following blood flow restoration after a critical period of coronary occlusion. Oxygen free radicals (OFR) are implicated in reperfusion injury after myocardial ischemia. The antioxidant enzyme, Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD, also called SOD1) is one of the major means by which cells counteract the deleterious effects of OFR after ischemia. Recently, we reported that a PEP-1-SOD1 fusion protein was efficiently delivered into cultured cells and isolated rat hearts with ischemia-reperfusion injury. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of the PEP-1-SOD1 fusion protein after ischemic insult. Immunofluorescecnce analysis revealed that the expressed and purified PEP-1-SOD1 fusion protein injected into rat tail veins was efficiently transduced into the myocardium with its native protein structure intact. When injected into Sprague-Dawley rat tail veins, the PEP-1-SOD1 fusion protein significantly attenuated myocardial ischemia-reperfusion damage; characterized by improving cardiac function of the left ventricle, decreasing infarct size, reducing the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), decreasing the release of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and relieving cardiomyocyte apoptosis. These results suggest that the biologically active intact forms of PEP-1-SOD1 fusion protein will provide an efficient strategy for therapeutic delivery in various diseases related to SOD1 or to OFR.

• BMB Reports
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• 제46권11호
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• pp.561-566
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• 2013

We examined the ways in which fenobam could promote not only the transduction of PEP-1-FK506BP into cells and tissues but also the neuroprotective effect of PEP-1-FK506BP against ischemic damage. Fenobam strongly enhanced the protective effect of PEP-1-FK506BP against $H_2O_2$-induced toxicity and DNA fragmentation in C6 cells. In addition, combinational treatment of fenobam with PEP-1-FK506BP significantly inhibited the activation of Akt and MAPK induced by $H_2O_2$, compared to treatment with PEP-1-FK506BP alone. Interestingly, our results showed that fenobam significantly increased the transduction of PEP-1-FK506BP into both C6 cells and the hippocampus of gerbil brains. Subsequently, a transient ischemic gerbil model study demonstrated that fenobam pretreatment led to the increased neuroprotection of PEP-1-FK506BP in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Therefore, these results suggest that fenobam can be a useful agent to enhance the transduction of therapeutic PEP-1-fusion proteins into cells and tissues, thereby promoting their neuroprotective effects.

• BMB Reports
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.106-111
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• 2020

Glutaredoxin 1 (GLRX1) has been recognized as an important regulator of redox signaling. Although GLRX1 plays an essential role in cell survival as an antioxidant protein, the function of GLRX1 protein in inflammatory response is still under investigation. Therefore, we wanted to know whether transduced PEP-1-GLRX1 protein inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation. In LPS-exposed Raw 264.7 cells, PEP-1-GLRX1 inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), activation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) expression levels. In a TPA-induced mouse-ear edema model, topically applied PEP-1-GLRX1 transduced into ear tissues and significantly ameliorated ear edema. Our data reveal that PEP-1-GLRX1 attenuates inflammation in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that PEP-1-GLRX1 may be a potential therapeutic protein for inflammatory diseases.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.258-261
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• 2005

We conducted a survey on pepper virus diseases in 31 regions in Korea from November 2001 to December 2004. Using electron microscopy, test plant reaction, rapid immuno-filter paper assay (RIPA), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and/or analysis of viral nucleotide sequences, we found a number of viruses from 1,056 samples that we collected. These included Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2), Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV), and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Of the samples analyzed, $343(32.5\%)$ were infected with CMV, $209(19.8\%)$ with PepMoV, $141(13.4\%)$ with PMMoV, $12(1.1\%)$ with BBWV2, $40(3.8\%)$ with TMGMV, $5(0.5\%)$ with TSWV, $153(14.5\%)$ with CMV and PepMoV, $54 (5.1\%)$ with CMV and PMMoV, $31(2.9\%)$ with PepMoV and PMMoV, $3(0.3\%)$ with CMV and BBWV2, $1(0.1\%)$ with CMV, PepMoV and BBWV2, $8(0.8\%)$ with CMV, PepMoV and PMMoV, and $30 (2.8\%)$ samples were infected with viruses which were not identified. CMV was the most predominant virus in all inspected fields and the number of the samples infected with PMMoV was relatively low as compared PepMoV infection level in pepper. TMGMV was only found in the southern part of Korea, while TSWV was isolated in Anyang and Yesan. However, we did not encounter in this survey the Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and Pepper vein chlorosis virus (PVCV).

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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• pp.261-263
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• 2007

In the past, the power expansion planning (PEP) used least cost optimization. But PEP is required considering variable attributes. Because the environment of power industry changes very fast. This paper presents PEP using a multi-attribute decision method (MADM). MADM base on preference and utility.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제41권11호
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• pp.1443-1445
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• 2016

본 논문은 위성통신에서 split PEP와 Exclusive-OR TCP 코딩 기법을 적용한 파일 전송 속도 향상 방법을 제안한다. 성능평가를 위해 위성통신 네트워크의 테스트베드를 구축하여 평가하였다. 성능평가 결과 에러율이 높은 구간에서 12%이상의 성능향상이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 제안한 기법을 적용 시 위성통신에서 파일 전송 속도 향상에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.69.1-69
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• 2003

RSH (relA/spoT homolog) has been known to determine the level of guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) and guanosine pentaphosphate (pppGpp), which are the effector nucleotide of the prokaryotic stringent response and also play a role in antibiotic production and differentiation in Streptomyces species but not a little in eukaryotic organism, especially in plant. Salicylic acid (SA), a critical signal molecule of establishing systemic acquired resistance (SAR), could induce SAR in Pepper (Capcicum annuum) against Phytophthora capsici. And the extent of SAR induction was in proportion to the dosage of SA (or BTH). Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), a PCR-based method for cDNA subtraction, was carried out between SA-treated and non-SA-treated pepper leaves to isolate genes which may be responsible for defense signaling against pathogens. Early upregulated gene was selected from reverse northern and kinetics of SSH-genes transcripts in SA-treated pepper leaves upon SA treatment. Full-length cDNA of the gene (PepRSH； Pepper RelA / SpoT homolog) had an open reading frame (ORF) of 2166 bp encoding a protein of 722 amino acids and a significant homology with (p)ppGpp phosphohydrolase or synthetase. Genomic DNA gel blot analysis showed that pepper genome has at least single copy of PepRSH. PepRSH transcripts was very low in untreated pepper leaves but strongly induced by SA and methyljasmonic acid (MeJA), indicating that PepRSH may share common SA and MeJA-mediated signal transduction pathway Functional analysis in E. coli showed PepRSH confers phenotypes associated with (p)ppGpp synthesis through a complementation using active site mutagenesis.