• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.137-147
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• 1999

Penguins are one of the key constituent organisms in the Antarctic ecosystem. A total of 18 species of penguins occur only in the southern hemisphere from the Galapagos Archipelago to southern area off Australia and New Zealand, South Africa, South America, and the islands scattered in the Southern Ocean to the coast along the Antarctic Continent. In the Antarctic Treaty area, there are only 5 species of penguins such as Emperor (Aptenodytes forsteri), Gentoo (Pygoscelis papua ellsworthi), Adelie (P. adeliae), Chinstrap (p. antarctica), and Macaroni (Eudyptes chrysolophus) penguins. Two additional species, the King (Aptenodytes patagonicus patagonicus) and Rockhopper (Eudyptes chrysocome) penguins, however, are distributed within the Antarctic Convergence. In the vicinity of king Sejong Station located in King George Island, the South Shetland Islands off the Antarctic Peninsula, 5 species are observed, among which 2 Pygoscelis species such as the Gentoo and Chinstrap penguins hatch their eggs and raise their chicks at the rookery 2km south offing Sejong Station in summer. Adelie penguins hatch their chicks in other place in King George Island. One Emperor penguin roamed on the frozen Maxwell Bay which has been frozen every two or three years with the approximate thickness of 60cm. And one Macaroni penguin also visited the rookery in summer. We should carry out researches on the penguins occurring in the vicinity of King Sejong Station to monitor the environmental changes around King Sejong Station and the South Shetland Islands.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.381-385
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• 2005

Aeromonas hydrophilia infection was diagnosed in captive Jackass penguins (Spheniscus demersus). Seven Jackass penguins showed clinical signs including depression and anorexia with greenish vomiting, but four penguins were died although extensive treatment was carried out. At necropsy, the penguins appeared to have hemorrhage and catarrhal inflammation of the small and large intestines and severe enlargement of the right hepatic lobe, elongation of the gall bladder and pyloric ulceration of the stomach. The ovaries observed atrophy and congestion. Microscopically, there were congestion, fat droplet within the cytoplasm of the hepatic cell, infiltration of lymphocytes in the stomach, vilous detachment and destroyed glandular epithelium in the small and large intestines. Aeromonas hydrophilia was isolated from the liver and small intestines. This case is the first report of an occurrence of Aeromonas hydrophilia infection at Jackass penguins in Korea.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.5.1-5.9
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• 2019

The chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarcticus) and gentoo (P. papua) penguins are distributed throughout Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic islands. In this study, high-quality de novo assemblies of blood transcriptomes from these penguins were generated using the Illumina MiSeq platform. A total of 22.2 and 21.8 raw reads were obtained from chinstrap and gentoo penguins, respectively. These reads were assembled using the Oases assembly platform and resulted in 26,036 and 21,854 contigs with N50 values of 929 and 933 base pairs, respectively. Functional gene annotations through pathway analyses of the Gene Ontology, EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases were performed for each blood transcriptome, resulting in a similar compositional order between the two transcriptomes. Ortholog comparisons with previously published transcriptomes from the $Ad{\acute{e}}lie$ (P. adeliae) and emperor (Aptenodytes forsteri) penguins revealed that a high proportion of the four penguins' transcriptomes had significant sequence homology. Because blood and tissues of penguins have been used to monitor pollution in Antarctica, immune parameters in blood could be important indicators for understanding the health status of penguins and other Antarctic animals. In the blood transcriptomes, KEGG analyses detected many essential genes involved in the major innate immunity pathways, which are key metabolic pathways for maintaining homeostasis against exogenous infections or toxins. Blood transcriptome studies such as this may be useful for checking the immune and health status of penguins without sacrifice.

• 대한수의사회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.41-44
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• 1982

1. The result that the author has been giving treatment for penguins for 5 years from April in 1976 upfill June of 1981 on young Farm L-and, three cases among eight cases of dead penguins were dead from Aspergillosis. 2. After aspergillus fumigutus isolat

• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 남극 로스해 연안에 서식하는 아델리펭귄(Pygoscelis adeliae)과 황제펭귄(Aptenodytes forsteri)의 분변 시료를 기반으로 펭귄 장내 미생물 메타지놈 연구를 수행하였다. Taxonomy 분석 결과, 아델리펭귄과 황제펭귄의 장내 미생물에는 주로 7개의 문(phylum), 18개의 과(family)가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 미생물 다양성을 평가하기 위해 Alpha diversity 및 OTU abundance 분석을 수행한 결과, 전반적으로 아델리펭귄의 장내 미생물 다양성이 황제펭귄보다 높은 것을 확인하였고, PCoA를 기반으로 한 Beta diversity 분석을 통해 두 개체군 간 장내 미생물 군집에 차이가 존재함을 확인하였다. PICRUSt를 활용한 기능적인 차원의 KEGG pathway 분석을 통해서는 아델리펭귄과 황제펭귄 시료에서 nucleoside and nucleotide biosynthesis pathway가 가장 많이 존재하는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 남극 아델리펭귄과 황제펭귄의 장내미생물 구성과 다양성을 비교분석 할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과는 향후 펭귄의 먹이 섭식 관련 연구에 활용될 수 있으며, 더 나아가 다양한 남극 생물의 장내미생물 메타지놈 분석에 대한 기초가 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.563-568
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• 2005

The present study was conducted to investigate biochemical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of Aeromonas hydrophilia isolated from Jackass penguins (Spheniscus demersus) of zoo and capelins (Mallotus villosus). Seven of Jackass penguins showed anorexia, depression with seriously greenish vomiting for a few days, but resulted in 4 deaths although extensive treatment was carried out by zoo veterinarians. From the 18 samples composed of organs or feces from dead or live Jackass penguins and capelins, 4 (22.2%) Aeromonas hydrophilia were isolated and Bacillus spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus auricularis, Staphylococcus cohnii and Enterobacter aminigenus were also identified. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests of Aeromonas hydrophilia showed that all isolates were susceptible to amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, norfloxacin and trimethoprim- sulfadimethoxazole. However, all isolates were resistant to the following antimicrobials; ampicillin, bacitracin, c ephalothin, cefazolin, noboviocin, penicillin and vancomycin.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.267-272
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• 1984

1983년 6월에 일본으로부터 자연농권 동물권에 수입된 3세령의 반umboldt젠귄 4수가 입사한지 일주만에 갑자기 식욕절폐, 원기소침하여 4∼6일만에 3수가 폐 사하였다. 환조의 혈액도말표본에서 성숙적혈구내에 발육단계가 다른 기생체가 확인되었다. 폐사한 동물은 폐장과 심장에서 심한 수종성 변화가 인정되었고 간장과 비장이 종창해 있었다. 각 장기의 조직학적 결사에서 간회, 등장 및 폐장등에서 광범위하게 현저한 세강훈 피계세계의 증식과 활성화가 관찰되었고 이들 세포에서 여러 발육단계의 schizont가 확인되었다. 이상의 관찰보고는 국내에서 조류의 말라리아 유행을 처음으로 기록한 것이다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.259-262
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• 1975

Four Humboldt penguins were imported from overseas in March, 1975. Soon after arrival at the Zoological Garden of Chang Gyeong Won in Seoul, two penguins became ill with symptoms of severe dysnnoea, vomiting, diarrhea and mild convulsion. They died on the second day of illness. The main pathological finding was bronchitis which accompanied a caseous airsacculitis on the left lung. A massive melanin pigmentation in the intertubular tissue of the testis was found accidentally.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.87-101
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• 2004

This paper delineated the ecology including movement (departure from the rookery and returning to the rookery), egg-laying, and hatch of the penguins occurred in the cold years and a less cold year in the vicinity of King Sejong Station, King George Island off the Antarctic Peninsula. The years of 1988, 1991, 1992, and 1995 were selected as cold years and the year of 2001 was selected as a less cold year based on the mean annual temperature of the years. Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) left their rookery in May, meanwhile some remained around the station. They returned in middle-September in the less cold .year, and returned in late-September to early-October in the cold years. Chinstrap Penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) left their rookery in early-April in the cold years as well as in the less cold year without exception. They returned to the rookery in late-October to early-November in cold years, meanwhile in early-October in the less cold year. This difference in the returning of this bird seems to be related with the exposed sea water, i.e., sea ice condition to feed in the sea. The global warming will lead to the appearance of birds which breed in the Sub-Antarctic. For example, one pair of King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) was observed in the Maxwell Bay in austral summer. And a pair of snide-like bird was recently observed for the first time in November 2001 at the penguin rookery located in the Barton Peninsula, King George Island. And it will also lead to the disappearance of an Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) which appeared in the full winter when Maxwell Bay and Marian Cove were frozen. It seems that the behaviour of the penguins observed around the station shows the complex effects of the ecology of the birds in combination with the natural environments, which include feeding strategy and areas, animal Instincts, exposed terrain related to weather conditions, and globa1 warming. It is necessary to take further observation and carry out systematic researches on the birds including penguins around the station which show the ecology of the birds as well as the environmental changes.

• 정보와 통신
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2013

생태계를 구성하고 있는 각 생물체들은 외부에서의 제어 개체 없이 독자적이면서 매우 단순하고 적은 수의 행동 규칙의 준수를 통하여 해당 생태계의 유지, 관리 및 동기화 등의 기능을 수행하고 있음을 관찰 할 수 있다. 이처럼 지구상의 다양한 생물체의 행동 원리를 관찰하고 이를 기반으로 모델링한 알고리듬을 생체모방 알고리듬 (biologically inspired or bio-inspired algorithm)이라 한다. 생체모방 알고리즘은 동종 혹은 이종의 다수의 개체가 존재하고, 주변 환경이 동적으로 변하며, 사용가능한 자원의 제약이 정해져 있을 때, 각 개체들이 분산 및 자율적으로 움직이는 환경에서 안정성, 확장성, 적응성과 같은 특징을 보여주는데, 이는 통신 네트워크 환경 및 서비스 요구사항과 유사성을 갖는다. 본 논문에서는 최근에 발표된 생체모방 알고리즘으로 통신 및 네트워킹 기술로 적용 가능한 Huddling Penguins 알고리즘, Krill Herd알고리즘, Cuckoo 알고리즘에 대해 살펴보고, 관련 프로젝트 및 연구 동향을 정리한다.