• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2001

The research on the price-volume relation in the market is very important because it examines into regular phenomenon revealed by market participants including producers and middlemen. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between price and trading volume in the oyster producing market. In order to accomplish the purpose of this study, the contents of empirical analysis include the time series properties of price and trading volume, the short-term and long-term relationships between price and trading volume, and the determinants of trading volume. The data used in this study correspond to daily price and trading volume covering the time period from January 1998 to April 2001. The empirical results can be summarized as follows : First, price and trading volume follow random walks and they are integrated of order 1. The first difference is necessary for satisfying the stationary conditions. Second, price and trading volume are cointegrated. This long-run relationship is stronger from trading volume to price. Third, error correction model suggests that feedback effect exists in the long-run and that price tends to lead trading volume by about five days in the short run, that is, to be required period by digging, conveying, and peeling oystershell for selling oyster. Fourth, price and price volatility is a determinant of trading volume. In particular, trading volume is a negative function of price. It is believed that the conclusion drawn from this study would provide a useful standard for the policy makers in charge of reducing the oyster price volatility risk caused by trading volume(selling quantities).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.8
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• pp.63-73
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• 2008

From the ancient Korea to the late Joseon Korean fur and leather had been preferred in and out of Korea for their good quality and excellent manufacturing skill. Since Unified Silla (A.D.676${\sim}$A.D.936) Korean fur and leather were manufactured divisionally by workmen specialized in materials and products, and such manufacturing process was succeeded to Goryeo and Joseon. Manufacturing of fur and leather was consisted of as follows: hunting and butchering - peeling - beating with a paddle and removing fat - oil manufacturing - drying - tanning, then cutting and sewing, and there was a special caring method. In order to make good fur and leather, each process of manufacturing needed particular techniques and all available methods were tried to have tender fur and leather by using smoking, excrement, lime, vegetable tannin and even cerebral liquid. And also required mouth-chewing and hand-pounding with a lot of time and of labor Keeping furs resilience and flexibility, sowing several skins together, even when the after-all-process skin was converted into clothes, was much more difficult than sewing fabric. Thus, the manufacturing cost was as much expensive as skin materials, and the volume of manufacturing of fur and leather was also limited. Therefore, fur and leather must have been popular for scarcity value in the manufacturing process, and this scarcity must have caused an extreme luxury of fur.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2016

The use of advanced composite materials in strengthening and repair of existing structures is increasing rapidly. This paper describes an effectiveness of a bonding of carbon fiber reinforced sheets to corroded steel members for the repair. Three types of surface treatment, what we call cleaning, of corroded plate are chosen as parameters. They are "without cleaning","removal of painting by brushing" and "complete removal of painting". From the experimental study, the following findings are obtained. 1) When the steel plate is subjected to tensile force, carbon fiber sheets adhered to the painted steel gives a higher strength against peeling compared to that of the plate without painting, 2) The grade of surface treatment, or cleaning of the corroded steel plate affects the strengthening effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.124-128
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• 2020

Recently, many studies on growth of single crystal diamond using MPECVD have been conducted. The heteroepitaxial method is one of the methods for growing diamonds on a large-area substrate, and research on synthesis of single crystal diamonds using SrTiO₃, MgO, and sapphire substrates has been attempted. In addition, research is being conducted to reduce the internal stress generated during diamond growth and to improve the crystallinity of the diamond. The compressive stress generated therein causes peeling and bowing from the substrate. This study aimed to synthesize heteroepitaxial single crystal diamonds with high crystallinity by surface modification. A diamond thin film was first grown on a sapphire/Ir substrate by MPECVD, and then etched with H₂ gas to modified the morphology and roughness of the surface. A secondary diamond layer was grown on the surface, and the internal stress, crystallinity of the diamond were investigated. As a result, the fabrication of single crystal diamonds with improved crystallinity was confirmed.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.486-491
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• 2008

The effect of annealing treatment conditions on the interfacial adhesion energy between electrolessplated Ni film and polyimide substrate was evaluated using a $180^{\circ}$ peel test. Measured peel strength values are $26.9{\pm}0.8,\;22.4{\pm}0.8,\;21.9{\pm}1.5,\;23.1{\pm}1.3,\;16.1{\pm}2.0\;and\;14.3{\pm}1.3g/mm$ for annealing treatment times during 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, and 20 hours, respectively, at $200^{\circ}C$ in ambient environment. XPS and AES analysis results on peeled surfaces clearly reveal that the peeling occurs cohesively inside polyimide. This implies a degradation of polyimide structure due to oxygen diffusion through interface between Ni and polyimide, which is also closely related to the decrease in the interfacial adhesion energy due to thermal treatment in ambient conditions.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.780-784
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• 1996

The localized form of subaortic stenosis shows a spectrum of pathological lesions varing from dis- crete membrane to a thickened flbromuscular collar. Aortic valve is commonly involved late in the pro- cess resulting in regurgitation. Because of the likelihood o the progressive obstruction and aortic regurgitation, early elective oper- ation should be considered for the patient with subaortic stenosis. We experienced a case of localized fibromuscular subaortic stenosis associated with aortic regurgi- tation. Excision of the fibromuscular ridge and septal myectomy-myotomy relieved the subaortic seen- osis. Regurgitant aortic valve was repaired by peeling away the Hbrotic tissue on the cusps and subcommissural annuloplasty at the each commissural area. On postoperative echocardiographic examination, the systolic pressure gradient between left ventricle and aorta decreased markedly and the aortic regurgitation was not detected at all.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2004.02a
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• pp.130-139
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• 2004

The cladding materials remaining after reprocessing process of the nuclear fuel, generally called as hulls, are classified as a high-level radioactive waste. They are usually packaged in the container for disposal after being compacted, melted, or solidified into the matrix. The efforts to fabricate a better ingot for a more favorable disposal to the environment have failed due to the technical difficulties encountered in the chemical decontamination method. In the early 1990s, the accumulation of radio-chemical data on hulls and the advent of new technology such as a laser or plasma have made the pre-treatment of the hulls more efficient. This paper summarizes the information regarding the radio-chemical analysis of the hull through a literature survey and determines the characteristics of the hull and depth profile of the radio-nuclides within the hull thickness. The feasibility study was carried out to evaluate the reduction of the radioactivity by peeling off the surface of the hull with the application of laser technology.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.135-143
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• 2017

To upgrade shear performance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams, and particularly of the segments under negative moment within continuous T-section beams, a series of original schemes has been proposed using carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) U-shaped strips for shear-strengthening. The current work focuses on one of them, in which CFRP U-strips are wound around steel bars against the top of the flange of a T-beam and then spliced on its bottom face in addition to being bonded onto its sides. The test results showed that the proposed scheme successfully provided reliable anchorage for U-strips and prevented premature onset of shear failure due to FRP debonding. The governing shear mode of failure changed from peeling of CFRP to its fracture or crushing of concrete. The strengthened specimens displayed an average increase of about 60% in shear capacity over the unstrengthened control one. The specimen with a relatively high ratio and uniform distribution of CFRP reinforcement had a maximum increase of nearly 75% in strength as well as significantly improved ductility. The formulas by various codes or guidelines exhibited different accuracy in estimating FRP contribution to shear resistance of the segments that are subjected to negative moment and strengthened with well-anchored FRP U-strips within continuous T-beams. Further investigation is necessary to find a suitable approach to predicting load-carrying capacity of continuous beams shear strengthened in this way.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2002

To investigate the feasibility of developing a novel melatonin plaster, the effects of vehicles and drug loading dose on the in vitro permeation of melatonin across dorsal hairless mouse skin from pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) matrices were examined. Vehicles employed were propylene glycol laurate (PGL), propylene glycol monocaprylate (PGMC) and diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DGME). Among PSAs used, only $Duro-Tak^{\circledR}$ 87-2196 showed a good peeling property. The release from $Duro-Tak^{circledR}$ 87-2196 was proportional to the square root of time, and dose-dependent. The fluxes increased as the loading dose increased over the doses under solubility. The relatively high permeation flux $(3.03{\pm}1.37\;{\mu}g/cm^2/hr)$ was obtained when using PGMC at the melatonin loading dose of $45\;mg/140\;cm^2$. Lag time was not affected by the vehicles used but by the thickness spread. The melatonin plasters prepared using PGMC showed a good adhesive property onto skin, and showed no crystal formation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.497-503
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• 2016

Eco-friendly biocide that do not have noxious chemicals, have a role of disinfection adding of dispersion and strengthening peer power on RO membranes surfaces. Eco-friendly biocide show an 93% improvement of differential pressures arrival time. Also, eco-friendly biocide's Autopsy result show less the percentage of organic pollutants than currently in using biocide. Adding dispersion & peeling strength power to remove the microorganisms is upgrading. Eco-friendly biocide that have a dispersion and peering power is non-toxicant chemicals and is safe for user.