• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2015

In patients with a language developmental delay, it is necessary to make a differential diagnosis for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), specific language impairment, and mental retardation. It is important that pediatricians recognize the signs and symptoms of ASDs, as many patients with language developmental delays are ultimately diagnosed with ASDs. Pediatricians play an important role in the early recognition of ASDs, because they are usually the first point of contact for children with ASDs. A revision of the diagnostic criteria of ASDs was proposed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) that was released in May 2013. The autism spectrum describes a range of conditions classified as neurodevelopmental disorders in the fifth edition of the DSM. The new diagnostic criteria encompasses previous elements from the diagnosis of autistic disorder, Asperger disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified. An additional change to the DSM includes synthesizing the section on social and communication deficits into one domain. In ASD patients, the appropriate behavioral therapies and rehabilitation treatments significantly affect the prognosis. Therefore, this makes early diagnosis and treatment very important. In conclusion, pediatricians need to be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of ASDs and be attentive to them in order to make an early diagnosis and provide treatment.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권9호
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• pp.911-921
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• 2008

Learning disabilities (LD) are heterogeneous group of disorders with evidences of genetic or familial trait, intrinsic to the individual and presume to be due to central nervous dysfunction. Learning disabilities and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are the two of the most common disorders in the population of school-age children. Typically academic achievements in children with learning disabilities are significantly lower than expected by their normal or above normal range of IQ. Although academic and cognitive deficits are hallmarks of children with LD, those children are also at risk for a broad range of behavioral and emotional problems. Almost all cases meet criteria for at least one additional diagnosis such as ADHD, developmental coordination disorder, depression, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, tic disorder, among which ADHD is particularly predominant. Because of the response to the therapeutic intervention program is promising and positive when applied early, it is critical to recognize patients as early as possible. Pediatricians often are the first to hear from parents worried about a childs academic progress. It is not the responsibility of pediatrician to make a diagnosis, referring children for a diagnostic evaluation of LD is a reasonable first step. Pediatricians can make early referral of suspicious children by asking some serial short questions about basic and processing skills. With a basic knowledge about the clinical characteristics, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures of LD, pediatricians also can provide primary counseling and education for parents at their outpatient clinical settings.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.1-2
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• 2021

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.31-32
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• 2022

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권11호
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• pp.1200-1206
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• 2009

Child sexual abuse is not a rarely encountered problem. Child sexual abuse is a pediatric disease entity with lifelong impact. Child sexual abuse, different from sexual assault, is not always accompanied by violent force and usually repeated over a period of time. Child sexual abuse should be approached by multidisciplinary team experts. Every pediatrician should know the child protection network in his district and be competent in the child sexual abuse medical evaluation and treatment as a primary doctor. In order to accomplish that goal, the Korean Pediatric Society should change the pediatric residency training curriculum and foster child sexual abuse experts. Pediatricians have responsibilities to do their active role in response to children at risk.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제54권10호
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• pp.395-400
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• 2011

During the adolescent period, they experience rapid physical, emotional, cognitive developments while they establish their lifestyle and habitual routines that strongly influence adult health and life. Recent rapid economic growth in Korea, and the earlier onset of physical, sexual, and psychological maturation of adolescents, has resulted in changes in the health status of adolescents from many years ago. Risk-taking behaviors such as drinking alcohol, smoking, and sexual experiences are critical issues that affect the health of, adolescents. Therefore, it is important for pediatricians to note the that risk-taking behaviors of adolescents in Korea that are caused by individual psychosocial factors. This review article illustrates the current health status of Korean adolescents and provides an overview of risk-taking behaviors, to inform pediatricians about some of the key issues.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.471-476
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• 2010

The majority of childhood cancer survivors and their families will be psychologically healthy, but may desire and benefit from preventive care. A significant portion of the survivor population will be psychosocially distressed in various aspects by their harsh experience of long cancer treatment, and may warrant professional intervention and treatment. Pediatricians should be aware of the late psychological effects that can occur a year or 2 after treatment, possibly in many aspects of a survivor's life. Not only the cancer diagnosis, but also treatments such as chemotherapy, irradiation, and surgical intervention may exert different long-term effects on the psychosocial outcomes of survivors. Pediatricians need to be more concerned with maintaining and improving the psychological health of this growing number of childhood cancer survivors through long-term follow-up clinics, community support, or self-help groups. Research on all of the psychosocial aspects of childhood cancer survivors is important to recognize the reality and problems they face in Korea.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2021

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a prevalent genetic disease that is transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner, is characterized by multiple cutaneous cafe-au-lait spots and neurofibromas as well as various degrees of neurological, skeletal, and neoplastic manifestations. The clinical features of NF1 increase in frequency with age, while the clinical diagnosis can remain undetermined in some pediatric patients. Importantly, affected patients are at risk for developing tumors of the central and peripheral nervous system. Therefore, adequate counseling for genetic testing, age-appropriate surveillance, and management are important. This review suggests several issues that should be considered to help general pediatricians provide adequate clinical care and genetic counseling to patients with NF1 and their families.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.10-20
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• 2022

The prevalence of developmental disabilities is increasing worldwide over time. Developmental issues in infancy or early childhood may cause learning difficulties or behavioral problem in school age, further adversely affecting adolescent quality of life, which finally lead to low socioeconomic status in family, increase in medical expenses, and other relevant issues in various ways. Early childhood has brain plasticity, which means there is a high chance of recovering from developmental issues by early detection and timely intervention. Pediatricians are placed an ideal position to meet with young children till 6 years of age, of which age range is the time applicable to early intervention. Determining child's developmental status can be made by 2 pathways such as developmental surveillance and developmental screening tests. For better results, pediatricians should update their knowledge about developmental issues, risk factors, and screening techniques through varying educational program or other relevant educating materials. This paper will update reports on the prevalence of developmental disabilities and review the recent results of the Korean developmental screening test and discuss relevant issues. Finally, it will be addressed the pediatrician's role in early detecting developmental issues and timely intervention.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.448-455
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• 2009

국민건강보험공단에서 실시하는 영유아 건강검진은 5회의 일반검진과 2회의 구강검진으로 구성되어 있다. 하지만 9개월 영유아 건강검진 시 구강건강 상담 및 교육은 일반의사가 담당하도록 되어 있어 이를 주로 담당하게 될 소아청소년과의사의 구강건강 상담 항목에 대한 지식이 필요한 상황이다. 이번 조사의 목적은 소아청소년과 전문의나 전공의를 대상으로 영유아기 구강건강교육에 대한 인식도를 알아보는 것으로 150명의 설문을 분석해 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 조사 대상자의 대부분은 유아기우식증으로 인한 치과 의뢰 경험이 있었고, 절반 이상의 응답자는 영유아 환자에 대해 구강검사를 시행하지 않고 있었다. 2. 조사 대상 소아청소년과의사들의 첫 치과방문 시기에 관한 적절한 인식도가 확립되지 않았다. 3. 영유아 건강검진 중 구강건강 교육 항목에 대한 인지도가 전반적으로 부족하였다. 이에 대한 교육의 강화가 필요하다. 4. 영유아 구강질환 예방을 위한 의과계의 관심과 더불어 치과계와의 협조가 필요하리라 생각 된다.