• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.126-132
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• 2009

Injuries of permanent teeth by trauma occur frequently in childhood and adolescence. Crown fractures are as frequent as 25-76% and especially maxillary incisors are prone to fractures. There have been numerous efforts to achieve both aesthetically and functionally satisfying restoration. When a mature tooth is fractured, porcelain crown or laminate veneer could be a choice of prosthodontic treatment. However, in a case of immature permanent incisor fracture, prosthodontic treatment is more complicated due to the immaturity of the tooth. Moreover, if endodontic treatment is accompanied with the prosthodontic treatment, the treatment period is prolonged. In the past, restoration using an orthodontic band, a ready-made crown, or glass ionomer cement did not exhibit esthetically satisfying result. As restorational materials have been improved, now more esthetic restoration is possible by reattaching fractured fragments or light-curing composite resin restoration. We reports cases of patients with fractured maxillary incisors and their successful treatment results through reattachment of fractured fragments and composite resin restoration.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.156-161
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• 2007

Pediatric dentists are frequently encountered with fractured root fragments of primary teeth caused either by the traumatic injuries or by the accidental fractures during the procedure of tooth extractions. In these situations, we often hesitate which method to choose, extract or retain it. In general, it is recommended to retain apical fragments, as the attempts to extract the apical fragments might harm the developing permanent tooth germ. This study was designed to ensure the validity of intentional retention of the root fragments of primary teeth in the situations described above. 6 children with intentionally root fragments who experienced root fracture in primary anterior teeth were available Periodic radiographic assessment was performed at 3 months interval for $7{\sim}37$ months. The results of this study showed that apical fragments had been resorbed through physiologic process in 5 patients. Apical fragment had been gingival emergence along with the erupting permanent tooth in 1 patient. There were no evidence of interference with eruption of permanent successors. In summary we have been ensured the validity of intentionally retention of the root fragments of primary teeth. Children with being remained apical root fragment should be recalled regularly for assessment and parents should be thoroughly informed about the situation with special emphasis on the necessity of periodic check-up.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.328-337
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to research the traumatized primary teeth and investigate following factors: sex, age, cause, place and time(of the year) of injury, elapsed time, area and type of injury, dental treatment and prognosis. The analysis includes total of 1533 traumatized primary teeth from 758 children aging from 6 months to 6 years(mean age: 2.8) from 2003 to 2007. The result follows : 1. The children of age between 1-2 and 2-3 were involved in the largest number of injuries in both sexes with boy/girl ratio of 1.77:1(p<0.001). 2. Fall and collision were the main causes of traumatic dental injury, especially in younger children(p<0.05). Places of injury occurrence varied: home, outdoors, and kindergarten. Warm climate accounts for frequent outdoor injuries in May, September and October(p<0.001). 3. Most of the children visited dental clinic within 24 hours of the injury(77.6%). From March to September, dental trauma occurrences were distributed evenly, except for Winter period(p<0.001). 4. Upper central incisors were the most commonly affected teeth, and the injuries usually involved 1 tooth or 2 teeth. 5. Periodontal tissue injuries dominated and subluxation was the most common type. Lateral luxation, enamel fracture, intrusion and root fracture followed.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.121-124
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• 2009

Patellar fractures in children represent less than 2% of all patellar fractures including adults, and occur about 1% of all pediatric fractures. Because of property of the growing patella, osteochondral or avulsion fractures are more common in children and the most common type of patella fracture in children is sleeve fracture. Avulsion or sleeve fractures of the patella in children can occur at the superior or inferior pole of the patella. Most reported cases of sleeve fracture are involving the inferior patellar pole, but involving the superior patellar pole is very rare. We experienced a case of sleeve fracture occurred at the superior pole of the patella in a sixteen-year-old boy and report this case with literature review.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.971-974
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• 2010

Pulmonary cryptococcosis is rare in immunocompetent subjects. Here, we present the case of a 16-year-old boy who was referred to our pediatric department for the management of multiple consolidations detected on chest radiography, which was routinely performed when the patient was being evaluated for an ankle fracture. Fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed, and the definitive diagnosis was established as cryptococcal pneumonia. After 8 weeks of antifungal treatment, the pulmonary nodules on the chest radiographs disappeared.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.51-54
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• 2014

Primary tumors of the lung are uncommon in pediatric patients, particularly bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC). An 11-year-old female suffering from back pain for 1 month was referred to Seoul St. Mary's Hospital for treatment of a pathologic fracture of the lumbar spine. Comprehensive evaluation disclosed numerous pulmonary metastases of rhabdomyosarcoma (stage IV). During chemotherapy, most of the lung lesions regressed, with the exception of two nodules. Wedge resections, intended for diagnosis and cure, yielded a histologic diagnosis of BAC.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.150-154
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• 2015

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) following a closed head injury in pediatric patients is a rare condition, and an early spontaneous recanalization of this condition is extremely rare. A 10-year-old boy was admitted with a mild, intermittent headache and nausea five days after a bicycle accident. The brain computed tomography showed an epidural hematoma at the right occipital area with pneumocephalus due to a fracture of the occipital skull bone. The brain magnetic resonance imaging and the magnetic resonance venography demonstrated a flow signal loss from the right sigmoid sinus to the right jugular vein. The diagnosis was sigmoid sinus thrombosis, so close observations were selected as a treatment for the patient because of his gradually improving symptoms; however, he complained of vomiting 14 days the after conservative treatment. The patient was readmitted for a further examination of his symptoms. The laboratory and the gastroenterological examinations were normal. Due to concern regarding the worsening of the sigmoid sinus thrombosis, the brain magnetic resonance venography was rechecked and it revealed the recanalization of the venous flow in the sigmoid sinus and in the jugular vein.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.475-483
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• 1997

Fracture of the crown in a permanent incisor is relatively common. When it occurs with pulp exposure, it presents both restorative and endodontic problems. In the restoration of a fractured incisor, reattachment of the original fragment or restoration with a composite resin is preferred over a temporary crown. If fractured fragment is intact, the tooth can be restored with reattachment of the fragment. An exposed pulp in a young crown-fractured incisor is usually treated with either pulp capping or pulpotomy depending on the size of an exposure and time elapsed since injury. However, in teeth showing vital and/or hyperplastic pulp tissue at the exposure, only superficial layers of the pulp and surrounding dentin should be removed : i.e. partial pulpotomy can be performed in immature as well as mature teeth. This paper reports 2 cases of crown-fractured permanent incisors with pulp exposure that had been treated by reattachment of original fragment followed by partial pulpotomy or partial pulpectomy. The following results are obtained. ; 1. Fragment reattachment is an acceptable semi-permanent restoration of crown fractured young permanent incisor. 2. Partial pulpotomy is recommended as the treatment of choice in crown-fractured permanent teeth with pulp exposure.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2005

Injury of permanent teeth by trauma usually occurs to $8{\sim}10\;years$ old children, in mixed dentition. Fracture, dislocation, intrusion, extrusion, avulsion are the common types of trauma in teeth. The injuries which teeth are dislocated from the alveolar sockets can be treated by reduction and fixation. In this case report two children visited Wonkwang University Dental Hospital after the emergency treatment of tooth injury by other medical institutes. In these cases the injured teeth were not reducted properly and showed premature contact. So the teeth were dislocated from the alveolar sockets intentionally and fixed again in the proper position. Unproper reduction can cause premature contact, delay of healing, difficulty of mastication, and malocclusion. For this reason emergency rooms or local dental clinics where patients with dental trauma can be examined first, must know well about the treatment procedure of the injured teeth and should be consulted to the profession when necessary.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.678-687
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• 1997

Cystic lesions of the mandible are fairly common and usually a presumptive diagnosis is made readily, more often on the basis of roentgenographic appearance than by any other means. Occasionally, however, it is easy to fall into errors of diagnosis which may affect one's choice of treatment. The diagnosis in these situations are usually resolved by the histopathologic examination of material obtained by surgical exploration. The present discussion to the lesions which can be most easily confused in the roentgenographic interpretation, that is, the traumatic bone cyst, the dentigerous cyst, the radicular cyst. These lesions often grow to considerable size before they cause any subjective or objective symptoms. Less frequently, perhaps, the patient presents himself with the complaint of enlargement of the affected part, a discharge, or pain. On rare occasions the first sign is fracture through the cyst cavity. In any case, an adequate roentgenographic survey by means of extraoral films is essential. This is the primary means of diagnosis. The three lesions in mandible, reported here, resembled each other roentgenographically in that they were osteolytic lesions. The follicular and radicular cysts usually have a smooth periphery and may be surrounded by a white line. The follicular cyst, slow-growing lesions, is usually associated with an unerupted tooth. The radicular cyst, the most common type of the odontogenic cyst, is always associated with a nonvital tooth, or it may persist as a "residual" radicular cyst after the causative tooth has been extracted. The traumatic bone cyst can often be differentiated from the first two in that the periphery is less definite and is irregular. It is thought that because it does not occur in older people, the lesion is self-limiting and heals spontaneously if left alone.