• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.361-365
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• 1986

This study was conducted to investigate the growth characteristics for each of botanical types of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under vinyl-and non-mulching in cultural limiting region. Ten peanut varieties pertaining to virginia-large seed, virginia-small seed, spanish, valencia, shinpung type were used in this study. Main stem length was in order of valencia, spanish, virginia-small seed, shinpung, virginia-large seed type under vinyl-and non-mulching. By vinyl-mulching, the maximum growth stage of main stem was shortened by 20 days than that of non-mulching. Number of branches per plant was distinguished among botanical types. Numbers of those were virginia-small seed 28, virginia-large seed 27, shinpung 15, spanish 13, valencia 7 under vinyl-mulching and were virginia-small seed 22, virginia-large seed 21, spanish 12, spinpung 12, valencia 5 under non-mulching. The longeset branch length was in order of valencia, spanish, spinpung, virginia-large seed, virginia-small seed type under vinyl-and non-mulching and velencia type was the longest of the botanical types.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.68 no.3
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• pp.175-187
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• 2023

Peanuts, also known as groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), are globally recognized as a vital oilseed crop. Peanuts are rich in proteins (e.g., arginine), oils (e.g., oleic acid and linoleic acid), fiber, vitamins (e.g., niacin and tocopherol), and carbohydrates and are consumed worldwide. However, the presence of aflatoxin (AF) has garnered substantial attention since its initial discovery as the causative agent of Tukey's X disease in the United Kingdom in 1960. Among the 18 aflatoxins identified, aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) has the highest toxic activity and causes hepatocellular carcinoma. It is classified as Group I by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization (WHO). The present study was conducted to evaluate aflatoxin B₁ resistance of 102 peanut accessions and select putative aflatoxin B₁-resistant peanut accessions to aflatoxin B₁. One hundred and one Korean germplasms harvested in 2020 were inoculated with A. flavus to identify aflatoxin-resistant cultivars, and the aflatoxin B₁ concentration was measured using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector. Twenty-six accessions with aflatoxin B₁ concentrations lower than those of the check plant 55-437 were chosen for the development of aflatoxin-resistant varieties in Korea. As Korean aflatoxin-resistant varieties have not yet been developed, the findings of the present study are expected to provide useful information for the development of aflatoxin-resistant cultivars.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.312-312
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• 2022

Peanut hull as by-product has been discarded during peanut processing. However, peanut hull contains plenty of polyphenols that shows various physiological activities. The objectives of this study were to investigate anti-inflammatory and enzyme inhibitory activities of polyphenols from 'Sinpalkwang' peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) hull. Compounds were isolated from methanol extracts of peanut hull by preparative-high performance liquid chromatography after identifying and quantifying polyphenols using Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and UPLC-Quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry profiling. The structures of compounds were elucidated by one-dimensional [¹H, ¹³C] nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and two-dimensional NMR (correlated spectroscopy, heteronuclear single quantum coherence and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation). Three compounds were identified as 5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one (peak 2), luteolin (peak 4) and eriodictyol (peak 5). Significant differences in inflammatory mediator such as nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-lβ) in lipopolysaccharide stimulated Raw 264.7 macrophages and in enzyme (xanthine oxidase [XO] and α-glucosidase [AG]) inhibitory activities were observed between three compounds (p < 0.05). Peak 5 treated Raw 264.7 macrophages showed lower content of NO (16.4 uM), IL-6 (7.0 ng/mL), and IL-1β (60.6 pg/mL) than peak 2 (NO: 28.3 uM, IL-6: 11.3 ng/mL, IL-1β: 66.9 pg/mL) and peak 4 (NO: 24.7 uM, IL-6: 9.3 ng/mL, IL-1β: 62.6 pg/mL). Peak 5 showed higher XO inhibitory activity (84.7%) and higher AG inhibitory activity (52.4%) than peak 2 (XO inhibitory activity: 45.4%, AG inhibitory activity: 21.6%) and peak 4 (XO inhibitory activity: 37.9%, AG inhibitory activity: 37.5%) at concentration of 0.5mg/mL. This study suggests that peanut hull could be a potential source of anti-inflammatory and physiological materials while creating new use of discarded peanut hull as by-products concomitantly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.576-580
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• 1993

An attempt was made to investigate the chemical compositions of the three plant types such as runner type(Yeoju landrace), semi-Spanish type(Suweon 15ho) and Spanish type(Wasedairu) of peanut. The proximate compositions were lipid 44.25~46.48% and protein 22.54~25.42% in various plant types of peanut, respectively. And the contents of purified free and bond lipids were 43.71~45.44% and 1.74~3.12%, respectively. The predominant fatty acids were oleic, linoleic, palmitic and arachidic acid in the free lipid, and linoleic, oleic and palmitic acid in t도 bond lipid. Pattern of 16 amino acid compositions in three plant types of peanut was shown to be similarity. Major amino acid were glutamic acid(75.30~104.66mg/g), arginine(57.30~74.27mg/g), aspartic acid(41.44~63.05mg/g) and leucine(30.80~39.00mg/g). The richest mineral contained in three plant types of peanut was noticed to be K and followed by Mg, Ca and Na. The lead content was below the authorized tolerance limits.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.488-494
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• 2016

Cheonggukjang was prepared by addition of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) powder in order to improve its quality and functional properties. The physicochemical and sensory properties of Cheonggukjang added peanut powder were investigated, after adding the peanut powder with the amount of 5, 15 and 25% (w/w). The proximate composition of peanut powder was as follows: moisture, 1.80%; crude protein, 24.9%; crude lipid, 48.3%; crude ash, 2.90%; and carbohydrates, 22.1%. Crude protein and lipid content of Cheonggukjang increased with increaes in the amounts of peanut powder, while the moisture content decreased. Calcium and amino acid contents showed disparity depending on the increasing addition of peanut powder. Cheonggukjang containing 15% (w/v) peanut powder was found to be highest calcium contents. The major amino acids of Cheonggukjang were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, leucine, arginine and proline. Depending on increasing amounts of peanut powder, the L and b values (measured using Hunter's color values) were decreased, while the a value was increased. In addition, pH was decreased as the amount of peanut powder was increased. Sensory scores of Cheonggukjang containing 15% (w/v) peanut powder were best when considering both quality characteristics and sensory evaluation. This study suggested that peanut powder could enhance the quality and functionality of Cheonggukjang further.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1114-1117
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• 2005

The effects of far-infrared (FIR) irradiation and heat treatment on the antioxidant activity of extracts from peanut shells was evaluated. Peanut shells were placed in pyrex petri dishes (8.0cm diameter) and irradiated at $150^{\circ}C$ for 5, 10, 15, 20, 40 or 60min with a FIR heater. After FIR irradiation or simple heat treatment at same conditions, methanol extracts of peanut shells were prepared and total phenol contents (TPC), radical scavenging activities (RSA) and reducing powers of the extracts were determined. The antioxidant activities of the extracts increased as the time of heating or FIR-irradiation increased. When peanut shells were FIR­irradiated at $150^{\circ}C$ for 5 min, the values of TPC, RSA, and reducing power of the extracts increased from 40.17mg/mL to 42.30mg/mL, $67.7\%\;to\;76.3\%$, and 0.569 to 0.639, respectively, compared to the untreated controls. Simple heat treatment of peanut shell under the same conditions $(150^{\circ}C\;for\;5min)$ also increased the TPC, RSA, and reducing power of the extracts from 40.17mg/mL to 43.52mg/mL, 67.7\%\;to\;79.3\%$ and from 0.569 to 0.623, respectively. The results indicate that appropriate FIR-irradiation or heat treatment on peanut shells could increase the antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.194-194
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• 2022

Recently, food-induced allergies have emerged as major global concerns. In the past ten years, it has doubled in western nations, and it has also increased in Asia and Africa. In many cases of food allergy, peanut allergy is prevalent, typically permanent, and frequently life-threatening. Therefore, we utilized gene editing techniques on the three major allergen genes in peanuts, Ara h 1, Ara h 2, and Ara h 3. Using gibson assembly and golden gate assembly, we created two vectors, the gRNA-tRNA array CRISPR-Cas9 system and Prime-editing. Using LBA4404 strain and agrobacterium-mediated transformation, the vectors were transferred to two elite Korean peanut lines. After co-cultivation and tissue culture, we extracted the tissue cultured peanut DNA amplified the hygromycin resistance gene and Cas9 gene in the T-DNA region. The integration of the T-DNA region into the host genome was demonstrated by the presence of a specific band in some samples. There have only been a few reported peanut gene editing studies. So, this study will contribute to peanut allergy and gene editing research.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.200-200
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• 2022

Recently, food-induced allergies have emerged as major global concerns. In the past ten years, it has doubled in western nations, and it has also increased in Asia and Africa. In many cases of food allergy, peanut allergy is prevalent, typically permanent, and frequently life-threatening. Therefore, we utilized gene editing techniques on the three major allergen genes in peanuts, Ara h 1, Ara h 2, and Ara h 3. Using gibson assembly and golden gate assembly, we created two vectors, the gRNA-tRNA array CRISPR-Cas9 system and Prime-editing. Using LBA4404 strain and agrobacterium-mediated transformation, the vectors were transferred to two elite Korean peanut lines. After co-cultivation and tissue culture, we extracted the tissue cultured peanut DNA amplified the hygromycin resistance gene and Cas9 gene in the T-DNA region. The integration of the T-DNA region into the host genome was demonstrated by the presence of a specific band in some samples. There have only been a few reported peanut gene editing studies. So, this study will contribute to peanut allergy and gene editing research.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.660-665
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) powder on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of Jook. The proximate composition of peanut powder was as follows: moisture, 1.8%; crude protein, 24.9%; crude lipid, 48.3%; crude ash, 2.9%; and carbohydrates, 22.1%. Each sample of Jook contained 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of peanut powder when compared to the control, and their physicochemical properties were assessed. As the peanut powder content increased, there was a significant decrease in pH (p<0.05) In addition, Hunter's color L value decreased, whereas Hunter's color a and b values increased with increasing addition of peanut powder. The Jook showed lower spreadability and higher viscosity values as the peanut powder content increased. The results of the sensory evaluation showed that the Jook containing 40~60% peanut powder had the highest score. According to the overall preference, addition of 40% peanut powder positively affected the quality characteristics of Jook. These results suggest that peanut powder can be applied to Jook to achieve beneficial effects on the quality and functionality.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.609-614
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• 1997

C-MH(Choline salt of maleic hydrazide, 39％) has been applied on peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) plant in 1994∼1995 on three different times of 24 days after flowering (DAF), 28 DAF and 31 DAF and on three different levels of 0.2, 0.1. 0.067％, respectively. Main stem length was noticeably retarded by 38∼44％ compared to that of non-treatment. Branch numbers were not changed by C-MH treatments. Ratio of flowering inhibition was 38％ in 0.2％ concentration and 22％ in 0.067％ at 28 days after flowering treatment compared to that of control. Ratio of pure seed was slightly enhanced by 3％ in 28 DAF treatments. Yield productivity was increased by 7％ in 0.1％, at 28 DAF treatment compared to that of non-treatment (3.2MT /ha).