• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.410-416
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• 2021

The initial electrochemical performance of ceramic fuel cell with thin-film electrolyte was evaluated in terms of peak power density ratio, open circuit voltage ratio, and activation/ohmic resistance ratios at 500℃. Hydrogen and air were used as anode fuel and cathode fuel, respectively. The peak power density ratio reduced as ~17% for 40 minutes, which rapidly decreased in the early stage of the performance evaluation but gradually decreased. The open circuit voltage ratio decreased with respect time; however, its time behavior was remarkably different with the reduction behavior of the peak power density ratio. The activation resistance ratio increased as ~15% for 40 minutes, which was almost similar with the time behavior of the peak power density ratio.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.340-346
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• 2021

The initial electrochemical performance of ceramic fuel cell with thin-film electrolyte fabricated by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition method was evaluated in terms of peak power density ratio, open circuit voltage ratio, and activation/ohmic resistance ratios at 500℃. Hydrogen and air were used as anode fuel and cathode fuel, respectively. The peak power density ratio reduced as ~52% for 30 min, which continually decreased as time increased but degradation rate gradually decreased. The open circuit voltage ratio decreased with respect time; however, its behavior was evidently different from the reduction behavior of the peak power density. The activation resistance ratio increased as ~127% for 30 min, which was almost similar with the reduction behavior of the peak power density ratio.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.67-74
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• 2004

As data rate was increased, the conventional burst-mode automatic power control circuit caused errors due to the effort of the mark density variation. To solve this problem we invented a new structured peak-comparator which could eliminate the effect of the mark density variation even in high date rate, and revised the conventional one using it. We proposed a burst-mode automatic power control circuit robust to mark density variations. We found that the peak-comparator in the proposed automatic power control circuit was very robust to mark density variations because it affected very little by the mark density variation in high date rate and in the wide variation range of the reference current and the difference current.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.43 no.11 s.353
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• pp.98-104
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• 2006

The conventional burst-mode APC(Automatic Power Control) circuit had an effective structure that was suitable for a low power consumption and a monolithic chip. However, as data rate was increased, it caused errors due to the effect of the zero density. In this paper, we invented a new structured peak-comparator which could compensate the unbalance of the injected currents using double gated MOS and MOS diode. And we proposed a new burst-mode APC adopting it. The new peak-comparator in the proposed APC was very robust to zero density variations maintaining the correct decision point of the current comparison at high data rate. It was also suitable for a low power consumption and a monolithic chip due to lack of large capacitors.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• v.2C no.5
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• pp.246-252
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• 2002

Two-dimensional steady state simulations of planar type radio frequency inductively coupled plasma (RFICP) have been performed. The characteristics of RFICP were investigated in terms of power transfer efficiency, equivalent circuit analysis, spatial distribution of plasma density and electron temperature. Plasma density and electron temperature were determined from the equations of ambipolar diffusion and energy conservation. Joule heating, ionization, excitation and elastic collision loss were included as the source terms of the electron energy equation. The electromagnetic field was calculated from the vector potential formulation of ampere's law. The peak electron temperature decreases from about 4eV to 2eV as pressure increases from 5 mTorr to 100 mTorr. The peak density increases with increasing pressure. Electron temperatures at the center of the chamber are almost independent of input power and electron densities linearly increase with power level. The results agree well with theoretical analysis and experimental results. A single turn, edge feeding antenna configuration shows better density uniformity than a four-turn antenna system at relatively low pressure conditions. The thickness of the dielectric window should be minimized to reduce power loss. The equivalent resistance of the system increases with both power and pressure, which reflects the improvement of power transfer efficiency.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.32-39
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• 1991

A 200W pulsed Nd: YAG laser for fine welding was developed. The important laser parameters such as laser peak power, average power, pulse width, and pulse energy for welding were studied. In order to obtain the sufficient laser power density for welding, thermal lensing effects were analyzed and a laser resonator with laser beam divergence was designed. The power supply unit was designed to support up to 7kW input. The pulse control unit was developed using a GTO thyristor and could control over 100kW input power to obtain 3.5kW peak power laser. Also due to the GTO thyristor the pulse width could be varied continuously from 0.1 to 20 msec and maximum repetition rate was as high as 300pps.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.52 no.9
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• pp.547-553
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• 2003

In this paper, we designed the PC-based analyzer of the power spectral density that could estimate the heart rate variability from time series data of R-R interval. The power spectral density estimated that it applied the autoregressive model to the measured electrocardiogram during a short period. Also, the characteristics of the designed analyzer are that it could process of the signal filtering, the generation and recomposition of time series and the feature extraction at the same time. Especially the analyzer reconstructed which applied the lowpass filter of the time series composed by the linear interpolation so as to enhance the signal-to-noise feature. We could estimate the power spectral density that confirmed a variety of power peak with low frequency range and high frequency rang of autonomic nerve by the heart rate variability.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.527-542
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• 2005

The main objective of this study is to examine the accuracy of the complete quadratic combination (CQC) rule with the modal responses defined by the ordinates of the uniform hazard spectra (UHS) to evaluate the peak responses of the multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) systems subjected to nonstationary seismic excitations. For the probabilistic analysis of the peak responses, it is considered that the seismic excitations can be modeled using evolutionary power spectra density functions with uncertain model parameters. More specifically, a seismological model and the Kanai-Tajimi model with the boxcar or the exponential modulating functions were used to define the evolutionary power spectral density functions in this study. A set of UHS was obtained based on the probabilistic analysis of transient responses of single-degree-of-freedom systems subjected to the seismic excitations. The results of probabilistic analysis of the peak responses of MDOF systems were obtained, and compared with the peak responses calculated by using the CQC rule with the modal responses given by the UHS. The comparison seemed to indicate that the use of the CQC rule with the commonly employed correlation coefficient and the peak modal responses from the UHS could lead to significant under- or over-estimation when contributions from each of the modes are similarly significant.

• The Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.27-37
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• 1992

We studied the dielectric and dynamic mechanical losses according to the quenching condition in low density polyethylene being used to power cables. According to severe quenching condition, characteristics of the temperature in internal friction los peak have decreased the magnitude of loss peak as amorphous region lengthen. From now on, the frequency dependent characteristics of dielectric loss have investigated at room temperature, and the dielectric loss peak due to interface polarization, between crystal and amorphous region, occurs about 30[Hz], and that, the peak due to orientation polarization in correspondence to the loss peak in internal friction has observed at about 3 [MHz]. As quenching velocity increased, the effect on quenching condition about the dielectric loss has decreased the magnitude of the loss peak. Thus, estimation has been carried out on the activation energies nd the degree of crystallinity by means of X-ray diffraction are obtained as follows: room quenching : 26.4 [kal/mole] and 54.73 [%], ice quenching : 25.6 [kcal/mole] and 48.47 [%], liquid nitrogen quenching specimens : 22.56 [kcal/mole] and 40.95 [%].

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.895-908
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• 2014

The main objective of critical excitation methods is to reveal the worst possible response of structures. This goal is accomplished by considering the uncertainties of ground motion, which is subjected to the appropriate constraints, such as earthquake power and intensity limit. The concentration of this current study is on the theoretical optimization aspect, as is the case with the majority of conventional critical excitation methods. However, these previous studies on critical excitation lead to a discontinuous power spectral density (PSD). This paper introduces some critical excitations which contain proper continuity in frequency domain. The main idea for generating such continuous excitations stems from the combination of two continuous functions. On the other hand, in order to provide a non-stationary model, this paper attempts to present an appropriate envelope function, which unlike the previous envelope functions, can properly cover the natural earthquakes' accelerograms based on multi-peak conditions. Finally, the proposed method is developed into the multiple-degree-of-freedom (M.D.O.F) structures.