• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.250-257
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• 2017

Background: Tasks involved in traditional charcoal production expose workers to various levels of charcoal dust and wood smoke. This study aimed to identify specific tasks influencing lung function and respiratory symptoms. Methods: Interviews, direct observation, and task/symptom checklists were used to collect data from 50 charcoal-production workers on 3 nonwork days followed by 11 workdays. The peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was measured four times per day. Results: The PEFR was reduced and the prevalence of respiratory symptoms increased over the first 6-7 workdays. The PEFR increased until evening on nonwork days but not on workdays. Loading the kiln and collecting charcoal from within the kiln markedly reduced the PEFR and increased the odds of respiratory symptoms. Conclusion: Tasks involving entry into the kiln were strongly associated with a short-term drop in the PEFR and the occurrence of respiratory symptoms, suggesting a need for the use of protective equipment and/or the operation of an effective kiln ventilation system.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.291-296
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• 1997

Slot형의 구리 이온 레이저를 제작하여, 780 nm 레이저 동작을 위한 장치구조의 안정성과 특성을 조사했다. 구리 이온 레이저의 최대 출력을 다양한 동작조건 범위에서 측정했다. IR-레이저의 출력은 음극의 기하학적 구조, 방전전압, 그리고 기체압력에 주로 의존했다. 네온의 부분압력이 60%에 이르면 출력이 감소하였으며, 그 이유 중에 하나는 높은 레이저 준위의 Population이 감소했기 때문이다. 파장 780 nm는 레이저 전이가 구리 이온의 5p 준위에서 일어난다. 통형음극을 사용하는 본 실험의 레이저 장치는 헬륨과 네온 흡합기체 방전에서 동작되고, 100시간 동안의 방전시간 후에 출력감소가 35%이었다(활성길이 9.6cm에 대한 출력은 2.8 mW).

• ETRI Journal
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.412-420
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• 2008

A new scan partition architecture to reduce both the average and peak power dissipation during scan testing is proposed for low-power embedded systems. In scan-based testing, due to the extremely high switching activity during the scan shift operation, the power consumption increases considerably. In addition, the reduced correlation between consecutive test patterns may increase the power consumed during the capture cycle. In the proposed architecture, only a subset of scan cells is loaded with test stimulus and captured with test responses by freezing the remaining scan cells according to the spectrum of unspecified bits in the test cubes. To optimize the proposed process, a novel graph-based heuristic to partition the scan chain into several segments and a technique to increase the number of don't cares in the given test set have been developed. Experimental results on large ISCAS89 benchmark circuits show that the proposed technique, compared to the traditional full scan scheme, can reduce both the average switching activities and the average peak switching activities by 92.37% and 41.21%, respectively.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.1070-1077
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• 2013

Owing to the consistent increase in energy efficiency issues, studies for improving regenerative energy utilization have been receiving attention in the Urban DC railway systems, where currently, the utilization of regenerative energy is low due to the lack of a specific plan for using this energy. The regenerative energy in railway systems has a low efficiency problem which results in the increase of the catenary voltage and a possibility to create problems to the electrical devices connected to the system. This paper deals with the power integration of large urban railway subsystems to improve regenerative energy utilization where the railway subsystems are integrated with other railway subsystems to improve the energy efficiency. Through the case studies, to find the realistic effect of integrated operation, the Seoul Metro subsystems, namely Line 5 and Line 7, has been applied. Also, evaluation for the electricity cost saving has been performed by using KEPCO electricity cost table.

• KSTLE International Journal
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.80-84
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• 2001

The purpose of this paper is to show the result from the study to improve the formability and appearance which is important in the cold rolled strip, the coated strip and prepainted strip. Furthermore, to give appropriate surface roughness, shape of work roll for temper mill is also important. The strip has a greater peak counts and homogeneous roughness. This makes the prepainted surface smooth and consistent in appearance with good image clarity. Therefore, the surface roughness of the work roll is very important. The reason that surface roughness of the work roll is transferred to the strip surface is the rolling farce and tension at the temper rolling or cold rolling. This study is classified in order to get an accurate and homogeneous roughness. There are few papers published in this field, because its importance is not known and the proper operation of the machine is not generally well known. This paper investigates the correlation between strip surface roughness and the surface of the work roll. After studying the surface roughness and shape according to the texturing method for roll surfaces at temper rolling, the findings were as follows. Irregular surface roughness can be compensated with several paint coatings, but this also makes the quality deteriorate and manufacturing costs go up.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1480-1488
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• 2015

In this paper, a revolutionary buck converter is proposed with soft-switching technology, which is realized by a coupled inductor. Both zero-voltage switching (ZVS) of main switch and zero-current switching (ZCS) of freewheeling diode are achieved at turn on and turn off without using any auxiliary circuits by the resonance between the parasitic capacitor and the coupled inductor. Furthermore, the peak voltages of the main switch and the peak current of the freewheeling diode are significantly reduced by the coupled inductor. As a result, the proposed converter has the advantages of simple circuit, convenient control, low consumption and so on. The detailed operation principles and steady-state analysis of the proposed ZVS-ZCS buck converter are presented, and detailed power loss analysis and some simulation results are also included. Finally, experimental results based on a 200-W prototype are provided to verify the theory and design of the proposed converter.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.370-374
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• 1996

Superstructure Grating Distributed-Bragg Reflector(SSG DBR) 레이저는 비교적 높은 Mode Suppression Ratio(MSR)을 가지면서 넓은 파장 대에서 불연속 파장가변 특성을 가진다. 그러나 SSG DBR 레이저는 출력파장을 가변 시킬 때 파장가변 영역을 구성하는 채널 중 몇 개가 빠지는 현상이 실험을 통해 관찰되어 왔다. 우리는 수치해석적인 시뮬레이션을 통해 이 현상이 SSG DBR 거울을 구성하는 linearly chirped grating의 불균일한 반사 피크 높이에 의한 영향임을 발견했고 반사율 피크 높이를 거의 균일하게 만들 수 있는 nonlinearly chirped grating을 제안한다. 그리고 이 거울을 가지는 파장 가변 레이저가 채널의 손실 없이 넓은 파장가변 영역에서 동작하는 것을 확인했다. 그러므로 nonlinearly chirped grating을 가지는 DBR 거울은 넓은 파장가변 영역을 가지는 가변 레이저에 적용할 수 있다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.26-36
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• 2020

An extreme value analysis of metocean data which include wave, wind, and current data is a prerequisite for the operation and survival of offshore structures. The purpose of this study was to provide information about the return wave, wind, and current values for the Barents Sea using extreme value analysis. Hindcast datasets of the Global Reanalysis of Ocean Waves 2012 (GROW2012) for a waves, winds and currents were obtained from the Oceanweather Inc. The Gumbel distribution, 2 and 3 parameters Weibull distributions and log-normal distribution were used for the extreme value analysis. The least square method was used to estimate the parameters for the extreme value distribution. The return values, including the significant wave height, spectral peak wave period, wind speed and current speed at surface, were calculated and it will be utilized to design offshore structures to be operated in the Barents Sea.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.475-483
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 과학위성 1호의 전력계 설계에 대해서 서술한다. 과학위성 1호의 전력계는 크게 전력단과 제어단으로 나누어지는데 전력단은 200〔Watt〕Buck으로 구성되어 있으며, 제어단은 하드웨어제어기인 최대전력 추적기와 배터리전압제어기, 소프트웨어제어를 위한 배터리 전류제어기와 직접 듀티제어기로 이루어져, 각 동작모드에 따라서 적절한 제어기를 선택할 수 있게 되어 있다. 따라서 신뢰성 있는 제어와 정밀제어를 선택적으로 정할 수 있기 때문에 위성의 운용면에서 용이성을 제공해 준다. 또한 안정된 시스템설계를 위하여 소신호 해석과 제어회로설계방법에 대해서 논의하고, 모의실험으로 시스템의 안정도를 입증하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.2201-2216
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• 2015

Peak to average power ratio (PAPR) is one of the main imperfections in the broadband communication systems with multiple carriers. In this paper, a new crest factor reduction (CFR) scheme based on interleaved phase sequence called Dummy Sequence Insertion Enhanced Partial Transmit Sequence (DSI-EPTS) is proposed which effectively reduces the PAPR while at the same time keeps the total complexity low. Moreover, the prototype of the proposed scheme in field programmable gate array (FPGA) is demonstrated. In DSI-EPTS scheme, a new matrix of phase sequence is defined which leads to a significant reduction in hardware complexity due to its less searching operation to extract the optimum phase sequence. The obtained results show comparable performance with slight difference due to the FPGA constraints. The results show 5 dB reduction in PAPR by applying the DSI-EPTS scheme with low complexity and low power consumption.