• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) and transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation(TENS) after sciatic nerve crush injury in rats. Methods: The EA for experimental group I (Exp I, n=15) and TENS for experimental group II (Exp II, n=15) was applied from post-injury day(PD) 1 to PD 14 after sciatic nerve injury using low frequency stimulator that gave electrical stimulation(15min/60Hz). In order observe the effect of EA and TENS, this study examined GAP-43 expression in rat lumbar spinal cord at the PD 1, PD 7 and PD 14. In addition, the stride length(SL) and toe out angle(TOA) were measured at the PD 7 and PD 4. Results; Exp I and Exp II had higher GAP-43 immunoreactivity than control group(PD 1, 7, 14). The SL of Exp I and Exp II were significantly higher than control group(PD 7, 14). The TOA of Exp I and Exp II were significantly lower than control group(PD 7, 14). Conclusion: EA and TENS application increased motor nerve recovery and expression of GAP-43 immunoreactivity after sciatic nerve crush injury. Therefore effect of TENS and EA had similar effect on nerve regeneration and functional recovery.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.169-175
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• 1997

The hypoglycemic and metabolic effects of Commelina communis L. extract were investigated in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The increased blood glucose level in the diabetic rats was sinificantly lowered with the treatments of the plant protein extract. Administration of the plant extract ellicited the significant increase of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity in liver of alloxan-induced rats. Three isozyme patterns(band I, II & III : in order decreasing mobility) of G6PD were found when normal rat liver extract were subjected to electrophoresis on native polyacrylamide gel. On the other hand, G6PD band patterns of alloxan-induced rat liver extract were found band II isozyme missing. By treatment of plant extract in alloxan-induced rats has been showed pattern the recovery of missing band patterns. This indicates that changes of the G6PD isozyme might be related to the cellular process of diabetes.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.685-691
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• 1992

The $d^8$-transition metal complexes containing diphosphine, $MCl_2PP$ were prepared by using $K_nMCl_m$ as starting materials, wherein M were Ni(II), Pd(II), Pt(II) and Au(III) and PP were bis(diphenylphosphino)methane(dppm), bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane(dppe), bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (dppp) and bis(diphenylphosphino)ethylene(dppety). The complexes were characterized by the spectral property $(^H-NMR$, $^{31}P-NMR$ and UV-Visible spectra) together with elemental analysis. The complexes were tested for the catalytic activity on the formation reactions of 3(2H)-furanone and cyclic carbonate. The only Ni(II)- and Pd(II)-diphosphine complexes displayed a good catalytic effects in the production of 3(2H)-furanone from 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol [reaction (1)]. But all the diphosphine complexes as catalyst were almost inactive towards cyclic carbonate production preaction [reaction (2)].

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.10
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• pp.3641-3649
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• 2022

A simple solvothermal reaction was used to prepare a 3-aminopropyl-functionalized silica-gel-based adsorbent for adsorbing Pd(II) from the nitric acid solution. Scanning electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry analysis were performed on the as-synthesized adsorbent to demonstrate the successful introduction of Schiff base groups. Batch experiments were used to investigate the effects of contact time, nitric acid concentration, solution temperature, and adsorption capacity. It is worth noting that the prepared adsorbent exhibited a higher affinity toward Pd(II) with the uptake approximately 100% even in a 2 M HNO₃ solution. At an equilibrium time of 5 h, the maximum adsorption capacity of Pd(II) was estimated to be 0.452 mmol/g. The adsorbed Pd(II) could be completely eluted by dissolving 0.2 M thiourea solution in 0.1 M HNO₃. Using a combination of particle-induced X-ray emission analysis and an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, the adsorbed Pd was found to be uniformly distributed on the surface of the prepared adsorbent and the existing species were Pd(II) and zero-valent Pd(0). Due to the desirable performances, facile preparation method, and abundant raw material source, the prepared adsorbent demonstrated a high application potential in the recovery of Pd(II) from simulated high-level liquid waste treatment.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.2533-2536
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• 2008

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.148-153
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• 2010

The effects of Cu(II) and Al(III) on the extraction and separation of Pt(IV) and Pd(II) have been investigated in a mixed chloride solution using Alamine336 as the extractant. In the HCl concentration range of 1 to 5 M, more than 99% of Pt and Pd could be extracted by Alamine336 from all of the mixed chloride solutions investigated in this study. Lower HCl concentration led to a higher separation factor between Pd and Pt when Alamine336 concentration was constant. Extraction percentage of Cu increased with the increase of HCl concentration, while that of Al was nearly constant at 33% in our experimental range. The optimum conditions to extract Pt and Pd from Cu or Al and the separation factor under these conditions were obtained.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.28-36
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to identify the effect of suspension unloading (SU) and electrical stimulation upon the development of neonatal muscular system. For this study, the neonatal rats were randomly divided into three groups: a control group, an experimental group I, and an experimental group II. The SU for experimental group I and II was applied from postnatal day (PD) 5 to PD 30. The electrical stimulation for soleus muscle of experimental group IIwas applied from PD 16 to PD 30 using neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), which gave isometric contraction with 10 pps for 30 minutes twice a day. In order to observe the effect of SU and ES, this study observed myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) immunoreactivity in the soleus muscles at PD 15 and PD 30. In addition, the motor behavior test was performed through footprint analysis at PD 30. The following is the result. At PD 15, the soleus muscles of experimental group Iand II had significantly lower MEF2C, VEGF immunoreactivity than the control group. It proved that microgravity conditions restricted the development of the skeletal muscle cells at PD 15. At PD 30, soleus muscles of the control group and experimental group II had significantly higher MEF2C, VEGF, immunoreactivity than experimental group I. It proved that the NMES facilitated the development of the skeletal muscle cells. At PD 30, it showed that SU caused the decrease in stride length of parameter of gait analysis and an increase in toe-out angle, and that the NMES decreased these variations. These results suggest that weight bearing during neonatal developmental period is essential for muscular development. They also reveal that NMES can encourage the development of muscular systems by fully supplementing the effect of weight bearing, which is an essential factor in the neonatal developmental process.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 1979

The dipole moments for octahedral $[M(II)Cl_2N_2O_2]$, square planar and tetrahedral $[Pd(II)X_2Y_2]$ type complexes are calculated, using the approximate molecular orbital theory [M(II) = Ni(II) or Co(II), X = N and Y = O or S]. The calculated dipole moments for these complexes are in reasonable agreement with the experimental values. The possible structures for these complexes are investigated on the basis of the calculated dipole moments.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 1992

The ability to account for magnetic and spectra properties of complexes was investigated for the splitting of the degenerate d-orbitals and with nonaqueous solution by UV/vis-spectrophotometric method. The correlation of the magnetitude of 10Dq obtained from the spectra, the pairing energy, and the spin state of the complexes. The electrochemical behavior of complexes were investigated by the use of cyclic voltammetry in aprotic media. These reduction peak of $[(C_6H_5)3_P]_2Pd(II)(CH_3COO)_2$ and $[(C_6H_5)_3Pd]_2Pd(II)Cl_2$ were irreversible one-electron processes at peak $E_{pc1} = -1.32 V,\;E_{pc2} = -1.56 V$ and $E_{pc1} = -1.74 V,\;E_{pc2} = -1.88 V$ of these complexes vs. Ag/AgCl, but nickel complexes were not to be reducible.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2009

Distribution diagram of Pt(IV), Pd(II), and Rh(III) in HCl solution was obtained as a function of HCl concentration from 0.001 to 10 M by considering complex formation reaction together with mass balance. When HCl concentration was higher than 0.1 M, most of Pt and Pd in HCl solution exist as $PtCl_6^{2-}$ and $PtCl_4^{2-}$. The concentration of HCl had a feat effect on the speciation of Rh(III). As HCl concentration increases from 0.1 to 10 M, the pedominant species changes from $PhCl_5^{2-}$ to $PhCl_6^{3-}$. Interaction parameters of $PtCl_6^{2-}$ and $PdCl_4^{2-}$ with hydrogen ion were evaluated from the solvent extraction data of Pt and Pd reported in the literature.