• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 국내 한 정수장의 고도정수처리공정의 실험분석 자료를 바탕으로 정수장으로 유입되는 원수의 수질특성과 처리공정별 오염물질 제거효율의 변화특성을 연구하였고, 활성탄여과조의 역세척에 따른 BAC 내의 미생물 거동을 추적하였다. KMnO$_4$ 소비량 등 8$\sim$9개의 주요 항목을 중심으로 제거특성이 연구되었고, 활성탄여과조의 유입 유출수에 대하여 NH$_3$-N 등 4항목의 농도변화를 추적하였다. 역세척 전 후의 활성탄 시료의 SEM 사진을 촬영하였고, 미생물 생체량(HPC) 조사를 통해 활성탄 부착미생물의 존재를 확인하고자 하였다. 유입원수의 특성은 대부분의 조사항목이 일정한 농도범위로 유입되었고 그 중 계절적 일관성을 갖는 항목이 있었다. 공정별 제거효율 변화특성은 월별 일정한 유형을 갖는 것, 공정진행에 따라 지속적으로 제거되는 것, 오존접촉조에서 제거효율이 떨어지는 것 등으로 분류되었고, 현재 운전되고 있는 고도처리공정에서 제거되는 주요 대상오염물질을 구별할 수 있었다. NH$_3$-N의 농도변화 곡선으로 활성탄여과조 내에 미생물이 존재함을 예측하여 SEM 사진과 HPC 측정으로 이를 확인하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.493-500
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• 2017

본 논문은 서울도시철도공사 유피스 내 전동차관리 고장데이타(BOM)을 통해 지속적으로 관리된 데이터를 활용하여 노후 철도차량부품의 신뢰성분석을 하고 개선방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 분석대상인 서울도시철도공사 7호선 2차분 보조전원장치(Static Inverter)는 객실 내 각종 서비스장치에 전원을 공급하여 직접적으로 승객 만족도에 영향을 주는 핵심적인 장치이다. 경영정보시스템의 장기간에 걸친 필드데이타를 바탕으로 고장의 패턴을 분석하기 위해 운용환경 스트레스 인자를 고려한 통계 신뢰성분석을 하였다. 보조전원장치(Static Inverter)의 하절기 집중고장현상과 관련하여 고장과 온도 스트레스인자와의 상관성에 대해 통계적 분석을 하였고 IGBT 인버터의 수명분석을 통하여 수리 전 후의 온도 스트레스 인자의 영향을 분석해 보았다. 그리고 전동차 부하량과 외기온도의 두 변수를 고려한 최적운행조건을 분석하여 고장다수 발생조건과의 냉각용량차이가 발생함을 확인할 수 있었고, 이러한 분석을 바탕으로 최적의 운행을 위한 냉각용량차이를 줄일 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.137-148
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to compare muscle activity in the lower extremity during walking wearing jogging and roller shoes. Twelve male middle school students (age: 15.0 yrs, height 173.7 cm, weight 587.7 N) who have no known musculoskeletal disorders were recruited as the subjects. Seven pairs of surface electrodes (QEMG8, Laxtha Korea, gain = 1,000, input impedance >$1012{\Omega}$, CMMR >100 dB) were attached to the right-hand side of the body to monitor the rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA), and medial (GM) and lateral gastrocnemius (GL) while subjects walked wearing roller and jogging shoes in random order at a speed of 1.1 m/s. An event sync unit with a bright LED light was used to synchronize the video and EMG recordings. EMG data were filtered using a 10 Hz to 350 Hz Butterworth band-passdigital filter and further normalized to the respective maximum voluntary isometric contraction EMG levels. For each trial being analyzed, five critical instants and four phases were identified from the recording. Averaged IEMG and peak IEMG were determined for each trial. For each dependent variable, paired t-test was performed to test if significant difference existed between shoe conditions (p<.05). The VM, TA, BF, and GM activities during the initial double limb stance and the initial single limb stance reduced significantly when going from jogging shoe to roller shoe condition. The decrease in EMG levels in those muscles indicated that the subjects locked the ankle and knee joints in an awkward fashion to compensate for the imbalance. Muscle activity in the GM for the roller shoe condition was significantly greater than the corresponding value for the jogging shoe condition during the terminal double limb stance and the terminal single limb stance. Because the subjects tried to keep their upper body weight in front of the hip to prevent falling backward, the GM activity for the roller shoe condition increased. It seems that there are differences in muscle activity between roller shoe and jogging shoe conditions. The differences in EMG pattern may be caused primarily by the altered position of ankle, knee, and center of mass throughout the walking cycle. Future studies should examine joint kinematics during walking with roller shoes.

• 지적과 국토정보
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.123-138
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• 2018

서울시의 대기오염을 지속적으로 모니터링하기 위해, 그동안 환경부는 운영하고 있는 대기오염 측정망을 지속적으로 발전시켜왔다. 측정되는 대기오염 물질 중 미세먼지는 인체에 상당한 영향을 미치는데, 우리나라의 오염도는 OECD 국가 중에서도 두 번째로 높은 편이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 측정된 미세먼지 농도 자료를 이용하여 서울시의 미세먼지 분포도를 PM10과 PM2.5에 대해 작성하고, 미세먼지 농도의 분포에 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상되는 공간적인 요인들과의 관계를 조사하였다. 반경 500m의 원을 포함하는 헥사곤을 기준단위로 하여 서울 전역을 구획화하고 보간법 중 거리반비례기법을 이용하여 미세먼지 농도분포도를 작성하였다. 출, 퇴근 시간대의 미세먼지 농도분포를 지역별로 분석하고, 토지이용도 및 교통량과의 관계를 분석하였다. 분석결과, PM10과 PM2.5의 농도분포는 지역별, 시간대별로 각기 다른 패턴을 나타내었고, 토지이용형태 측면에서는 상업지역 및 교통지역의 면적이 미세먼지 농도분포와 높은 관련성을 보였으며, 녹지의 유무도 농도의 분포 변화에 관계가 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 추후 세부적인 토지이용도 및 녹지분포도 등을 통하여 상관관계를 분석하면 미세먼지의 농도에 영향을 미치는 지역 수준에서의 공간요소를 밝히는데 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2005

This study was conducted to identify the effect of meridian acupressure on defecation of patients with post spinal operation. The nonequivalent control group posttest only design was used. The data were obtained from 77 post spinal operative patients, 34 in the experimental 43 in control group in Y Hospital, Seoul, Korea. The neurosurgical unit A and B ward, assigned by matched sample by the name of operation such as laminectomy and posterior lumbar interbody fusion are performed. Meridian acupressure meant the method that an examiner presses response points distributed in the pass of energy vessel. In this study, meridian acupressure program was performed on as points in order of Hegue (LI-4), Zhigou (TE-6), Zusanli (S-36), Shangjuxu (S-37), Xiajuxu (S-39), Tianshu (S-25), Taichong (L-3) which was known to be related to large intestine. Data were collected from 1, July 2003 to 1, September 2003. Meridian acupressure program was carried out for 20 minutes 4 hours after operation twice daily. In order to evaluate the effect of meridian acupressure intervention, they were asked time of bowel recovery, gas passing, and defecation though questionnaire method. Data were analyzed by the SPSS/ WIN 11.0 program. The results of this study were summarized as follows; 1. Homogeneity tests of general characteristics and operation related characteristics of the experimental group and the control group were performed. General characteristics included age, sex, defecation habit, eating pattern, fluid intake, life style, activity, usage of laxative and etc. 2. Hypotheses were verification as follows; 1) Recovery of bowel sound of the experimental group who received meridian acupressure intervention was faster than that of the control group after spinal operation (t=-6.770,P=.000). 2) Time of gas passing of the experimental group who received meridian acupressure program was faster than that of the control group after spinal operation (t=-8.003, P=.000). 3) Time to defecation of the experimental group who received meridian acupressure program was faster than that of the control group after spinal operation (t=-9.026, P=.000). 4) Abdominal discomfort due to defecation of the experimental group who received meridian acupressure program was lesser than that of the control group after spinal operation (t=-3.431, P=.001). From these results, meridian acupressure intervention was effective for recovery of bowel sound, reduce time to gas passing, time to defecation and lessen abdominal discomfort due to defecation on post spinal operative patients. And therefore this intervention can probably considered on clinical practice.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권18호
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• pp.8281-8285
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• 2016

Background: Helicobacter pylori is a cause of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric malignancy, infection being a serious health problem in Thailand. Recently, clarithromycin resistant H. pylori strains represent the main cause of treatment failure. Therefore this study aimed to determine the prevalence and pattern of H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin in Suranaree University of Technology Hospital, Suranree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Northeastern Thailand, Nakhon Ratchasima province, northeast of Thailand. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out between June 2014 and February 2015 with 300 infected patients interviewed and from whom gastric mucosa specimens were collected and proven positive by histology. The gastric mucosa specimens were tested for H. pylori and clarithromycin resistance by 23S ribosomal RNA point mutations analysis using real-time polymerase chain reactions. Correlation of eradication rates with patterns of mutation were analyzed by chi-square test. Results: Of 300 infected patients, the majority were aged between 47-61 years (31.6%), female (52.3%), with monthly income between 10,000-15,000 Baht (57%), and had a history of alcohol drinking (59.3%). Patient symptoms were abdominal pain (48.6%), followed by iron deficiency anemia (35.3%). Papaya salad consumption (40.3%) was a possible risk factor for H. pylori infection. The prevalence of H. pylori strains resistant to clarithromycin was 76.2%. Among clarithromycin-resistant strains tested, all were due to the A2144G point mutation in the 23S rRNA gene. Among mutations group, wild type genotype, mutant strain mixed wild type and mutant genotype were 23.8%, 35.7% and 40.5% respectively. With the clarithromycin-based triple therapy regimen, the efficacy decreased by 70% for H. pylori eradication (P<0.01). Conclusions: Recent results indicate a high rate of H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin. Mixed of wild type and mutant genotype is the most common mutant genotype in Nakhon Ratchasima province, therefore the use of clarithromycin-based triple therapy an not advisable as an empiric first-line regimen for H. pylori eradication in northeast region of Thailand.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.227-246
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• 1993

본 논문에서는 성에 따른 취업자의 지역별 통근율의 차이와 취업기회의 차이에 대한 분석을 통한 성에 따른 직주분리의 정도와 이에 의한 통근통행행태의 차이가 설명되었다. 분석결과 남성취업자의 경우 직장과 거주지의 위치에 따른 공간적 제약이 이들의 취업과정에 별다른 영향을 미치지 않는 반면 여성취업자의 경우는 직장과 거주지의 위치에 따른 공간적 제약이 이들의 취업과정에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 취업과정에서 나타나는 공간적 제약의 성에 따른 차이는 곧 성에 따른 직주분리의 정도의 차이를 유발하여 여성취업자가 남성취업자에 비하여 상대적으로 직주분리의 정도가 적은 것으로 나타나며 이러한 직주분리의 차이는 다시 이들의 통근통행행태에도 영향을 미친다. 즉 일반적으로 남성통근자는 여성통근자에 비하여 보다 장거리 통근을 하며, 보다 많은 통근비용을 지출하고 또한 상대적으로 고급의 통근수단을 이용하고 있는 것으로 나타난다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.291-306
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• 2020

이 연구에서는 다층 서답형 문항을 이용하여 태양계 구조에 대한 학습 발달과정을 개발하고 그 타당성을 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 Wilson(2005)이 제안한 구인 모델링 방식을 적용하여 '태양계 구성원', '태양계 행성의 크기와 거리의 경향성', '태양계 모델링'을 발달 변인(progress variables)으로 설정하고 각각에 대한 다층 서답형 문항을 개발하여 검사지로 구성하였다. 개발된 문항을 초등학교 5학년 150명을 대상으로 '태양계와 별' 단원 수업의 사전 및 사후에 적용하였다. 평가 결과를 기술하기 위해 각각의 평가 문항에 대한 학생 응답을 범주화 하는 과정을 거쳤으며, 이범주들을 구인별로 5개 수준으로 분류하였다. Rasch 모델의 부분점수 모형을 적용하여 작성된 Wright map을 분석함으로써 학생들의 응답 결과를 기반으로 작성된 학습 발달과정의 수준이 적절한지 검토하였다. 또한, 수업 전후 학생들의 수준 변화를 추적함으로써 학습 발달과정에서 설정한 가설적인 경로의 타당성을 검증하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다: 다층 서답형 문항을 이용한 상향식 연구방법으로 초등학교에 적용할 수 있는 태양계 구조에 대한 경험적 학습 발달과정을 정교하게 설정할 수 있었다. 그리고 학습 발달과정의 구인 타당도가 높게 나타나며 학생들의 발달이 학습 발달과정을 따라 변화하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.368-380
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• 1990

A central issue in the development of nursing practice is to describe the phenomenon with which nursing is concerned. To identify the health problems which can be diagnosed and managed by the nurse is the first step to organize and ensure the development of nursing science. Therefore the academic world has been discussing the application of the nursing diagnosis in nursing practice as a means of improving quality of care. The objectives of this study were to develop a standardized nursing care plan for ten selected nursing diagnoses to form a database for computerized nursing service. The research approach used in the study was (1) the selection of the ten nursing diagnoses which occur most frequently on medical-surgical wards, (2) the development of a standardized nursing care plan for the ten selected nursing diagnoses, (3) application of the plan to hospitalize patients and evaluation of the content validity by the nurses, and (4) evaluation of the clinical effects after the use of the standardized nursing care plans. The subjects were 56 nurses and 395 hospitalized patients on two medical and two surgical unit. The results of this study were as follows ; 1) The ten selected nursing diagnoses for the development of the standardized nursing care plans were “PAIN, SLEEP DISTURBANCE, ALTERED HEALTH MAINTENANCE, ALTERATION IN NUTRITION, ANXIETY, CONSTIPATION, ALTERED PATTERNS OF URINARY ELIMINATION, DISTURBANCE IN BODY IMAGE, POTENTIAL FOR ACTIVITY INTOLERANCE AND ACTIVITY INTOLERANCE”. 2. The developed standardized nursing care plans included the nursing diagnosis, definition, defining characteristics, etiologic or related factors that contribute to the condition, recording pattern, desired outcomes and nursing orders (nursing interventions). 3. The plan was used with hospitalized patients on medical - surgical wards to test for content validity. The patient's satisfaction with the nursing care and nurses' job satisfaction were investigated to evaluate the clinical effects after the use of the standardized nursing care plans. A comparison of patient satisfaction with nursing care before and after the introduction of the standardized nursing care plans showed a statistically significant higher level of satisfaction with the standardized care plans. There was no difference in the level of job satisfaction expressed by the nursing staff before and after the standardized nursing care plans were introduced. However, when opinions about the use of the standardized nursing care plans were examined it was found that there was a positive effect on clarity in defining the nursing problems, determining nursing cost, more feasible goal setting, effective and systematic nursing records and indications for nursing research. The results of this study suggest that in order to increase the use of nursing diagnoses in the clinical area, it would be effective to select some wards as a pilot project, give the nurses training in the use of nursing diagnosis and develop and use the standardized nursing care plans. In addition to the ten diagnosis used in this study it is recommended that continual development of nursing diagnoses be done using diagnoses that are appropriate to Korea and testing them for validity through standardized care plans.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2008

This article aims to identify the current status of outsourced production of Dongdaemun brands and to discover the consumers' perception of those outsourced products, their degree of satisfaction, and preference in purchasing those products. Moreover, the strengths and weaknesses of the outsourced products, as perceived by the consmers, have been identified, and specific methods and directions for efficient overseas outsourcing of Dongdaemun brands are suggested. This study also contains experimental works, in which I have prepared questionnaires, and my advisor have collected data. This survey was conducted on corporation managers, who directly operated clothing stores in Dongdaemun Market in December 2007. The collected data have been analyzed using SPSS 12.0 with various techniques such as t-test, paired t-test, frequency analysis and $X^2$-test. The results are summarized as the following: a) Comparison of the current outsourcing status of Dongdaemun brands showed that only eight out of the total 42 investigated companies have actually been outsourcing the production of their clothes. The biggest advantage of outsourcing was the reduced unit production cost, while low quality of products, delayed production, difficulty of control and management were shown as its disadvantages; b) the reason for purchasing clothes in Dongdaemun Market was to buy various clothing products. Comparing these reasons among different groups showed that there was a significant discrepancy in terms of trend design and copy design, in which wholesale consumers had shown a higher degree than retail consumers; c) and the preference for outsourced products of Dongdaemun brands was negative in both wholesale consumers (71.05%) and retail consumers (83.54%), as they both prefer clothes manufactured in Korea. Both groups selected the expensive price as the biggest disadvantage of Korean products, and picked design as the biggest strength of the outsourced clothes. Furthennore, both wholesale consumers (63.16%) and retail consumers (74.68%) selected Italy as the most preferred country for outsourcing clothing production. in which their reason had been their expectation for good product quality. The least preferred country for both wholesale (47.37%) and retail (50.63%) consumers was China, a country which they expected poor product quality.