• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.245-249
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• 2010

Two dimensional(2D) pair-photonic crystals (pair-PCs) have been fabricated by a multiple-exposure nanosphere lithography (MENSL) method using the self-assembled nanospheres as lens-mask patterns and the collimated laser beam as a multiple-exposing source. The arrays of the 2D pair-PCs exhibited variable lattice structures and shape the control of rotating angle (${\Theta}$), tilting angle (${\gamma}$) and the exposure conditions. In addition, the base period or filling factor of pair-PCs as well as their shapes could be changed by experimental conditions and nanosphere size. A 1.18-${\mu}m$-thick resist was spincoated on Si substrate and the multiple exposure was carried out at change of ${\gamma}$ and ${\Theta}$. Images of prepared 2D pair-PCs were observed by SEM. We believe that the MENSL method is a suitable useful tool to realize the pair-periodic arrays of large area.

• 한국정보컨버전스학회논문지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2014

grassfire 스팟매칭 알고리즘은 중심 스팟을 기준으로 이웃 스팟들의 패턴 유사도에 따라 스팟을 매칭하는 알고리즘으로 잔디에 붙는 불이 사방으로 번져가는 방식을 이용한 grassfire 알고리즘을 이다. 씨드 스팟쌍은 매칭이 정확하게 확인된 스팟쌍으로써 매칭이 시작되는 발화점이며 이것으로부터 스팟매칭이 시작된다. grassfire 스팟매칭 알고리즘에서는 스팟매칭을 시작하는 발화점이 필요한데 기존 grassfire 스팟매칭 알고리즘에서는 한 개의 발화점을 이용하였다. 본 논문에서는 grassfire 알고리즘의 스팟매칭의 성능을 높이기 위하여 한 개의 발화점이 아닌 다중의 발화점을 선정하는 방법을 제안한다. 다중 발화점을 이용한 grassifre 알고리즘은 여러 개의 발화점을 선정한 후 개별 발화점으로부터 스팟매칭을 수행하고 결과들을 계산한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 한 개의 씨드스팟을 이용한 방법보다 스팟 검출율과 스팻매칭 정확도의 측면에서 좋은 성능을 보인다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2001

조합회로에 대한 ATPG 알고리듬이 효율적으로 100%의 고장 검출율을 달성할 수 있게 되어 감에 따라서 고장 검출율을 그대로 유지한 상태에서 테스트 패턴을 줄이는 압축 기법의 중요성이 점차로 부각되고 있다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 알고리듬은 고장들간의 독립과 양립 관계에 기초해서, 압축된 테스트 패턴을 위해서는 양립할 수 있는 고장 집합의 크기를 크게 해야 하므로, 고장-패턴 쌍과 고장들간의 독립과 양립 관계를 이용해서 고장-패턴 쌍의 트리 구조를 생성하였다. 이 고장-패턴 트리를 바탕으로 해서 효율적으로 압축된 테스트 패턴을 생성할 수 있었고, ISCAS 85와 ISCAS 89 측정 기준 회로에 대한 결과로 제시된 알고리듬의 우수성을 검증하였다.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2019

The fragmentation statistics of ion trap CID (Collision-Induced Dissociation) spectra using 87,661 tandem mass spectra of doubly charged tryptic peptides are analyzed here. In contrast to the usual method of using intensity information, the frequency of occurrence of fragment ions, with respect to the position of the cleavage site and the residues at these sites is studied in this paper. The analysis shows that the frequency of occurrence of fragment ion peaks is more towards the middle of the peptide than its ends. It was noted that amino acid with an aromatic and basic side chain at N- & C- terminal end of the peptide stimulates more peaks at the lower end of the spectrum. The residue pair effect was shown when the amide bond occurs between acidic and basic residues. The fragmentation at these sites (D/E-H/R/K) stimulates the generation of the y-ion peak. Also, the cleavage site H-H/R/K stimulates the generation of b-ions. K-P environment in the peptide sequence has more tendency to generate y-ions than b-ions. Statistical analysis helps in the visualization of the CID fragmentation pattern. Cleavage pattern along the length of the peptide and the residue pair effects, enhance the knowledge of fragmentation behavior, which is useful for the better interpretation of tandem mass spectra.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.105-116
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• 2022

Stay cables play an essential role in cable-stayed bridges. Severe vibrations and/or harsh environment may result in cable failures. Therefore, an efficient structural health monitoring (SHM) solution for cable damage detection is necessary. This study proposes a data-driven method for immediately detecting cable damage from measured cable forces by recognizing pattern transition from the intact condition when damage occurs. In the proposed method, pattern recognition for cable damage detection is realized by time series classification (TSC) using a deep learning (DL) model, namely, the long short term memory fully convolutional network (LSTM-FCN). First, a TSC classifier is trained and validated using the cable forces (or cable force ratios) collected from intact stay cables, setting the segmented data series as input and the cable (or cable pair) ID as class labels. Subsequently, the classifier is tested using the data collected under possible damaged conditions. Finally, the cable or cable pair corresponding to the least classification accuracy is recommended as the most probable damaged cable or cable pair. A case study using measured cable forces from an in-service cable-stayed bridge shows that the cable with damage can be correctly identified using the proposed DL-TSC method. Compared with existing cable damage detection methods in the literature, the DL-TSC method requires minor data preprocessing and feature engineering and thus enables fast and convenient early detection in real applications.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제26권3_4호
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• pp.563-572
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• 2008

In this paper, we discuss about a generalization of the Key Distribution Pattern which was proposed by C. Mitchell and F. Piper[6]. It is allowing secure communication between every n-pair of users($n\leq2$) in a large network for reducing storage requirements. We further suggest a generalization of K. Quinn's bounds in [9] for the number of subkeys in such general Key Distribution Patterns.

• 전자공학회논문지C
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• 제36C권4호
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• pp.1-16
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 테스트 생성 과정에서 자주 사용되는 임계의 확장 개념으로 임계-쌍을 정의한다. 그리고 임계의 특성을 나타내는 요소로서 임계성, 임계율, 임계설정율 등을 정의한다. 이 요소들을 이용하여 임계-쌍의 사용이 단일 임계의 사용보다 더 효율적이라는 것을 입증하고, FFR에서의 테스트 패턴 생성 시에 임계값에 대한 평가 회수, 경로선의 탐색 회수 및 생성 시간에서 더 효율적이라는 것을 보여준다. 시뮬레이션을 통해서 ISCAS85 벤치마크 테스트 회로에 대한 실험 결과를 비교 분석한다.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2015

This work presents modelling and simulation of a readout integrated circuit (ROIC) design considering pair-wise serial configuration along with thermal modeling of an uncooled microbolometer array. A fully differential approach is used at the input stage in order to reduce fixed pattern noise due to the process variation and self-heating-related issues. Each pair of microbolometers is pulse-biased such that they both fall under the same self-heating point along the self-heating trend line. A ${\pm}10%$ process variation is considered. The proposed design is simulated with a reference input image consisting of an array of $127{\times}92$ pixels. This configuration uses only one unity gain differential amplifier along with a single 14-bit analog-to-digital converter in order to minimize the dynamic range requirement of the ROIC.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.313-324
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• 2004

A rich phenomenon in the dynamics of azimuthal vortices in a circular cylinder caused by the inertial oscillation is investigated numerically at high Reynolds numbers and moderate Rossby numbers. In the actual spin-up flow where both the Ekman circulation and the bottom friction effects are included, the first appearance of a seed vortex is generated by the Ekman boundary-layer on the bottom wall and the subsequent roll-up near the corner bounded by the side wall. The existence of the small vortex then rapidly propagates toward the inviscid region and induces a complicated pattern in the distribution of azimuthal vorticity, i.e. inertial oscillation. The inertial oscillation however does not deteriorate the classical Ekman-pumping model in the time scale larger than that of the oscillatory motion. Motions of single vortex and a pair of vortices are further investigated under a slip boundary-condition on the solid walls. For the case of single vortex, repeated change of the vorticity sign is observed together with typical propagation of inertial waves. For the case of a pair of vortices with a two-step profile in the initial azimuthal velocity, the vortices' movement toward the outer region is resisted by the crescent-shape vortices surrounding the pair. After touching the border between the core and outer regions, the pair vortices weaken very fast.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.335-339
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• 1999

The oxidation-reduction potentials of cosmetic raw materials, showing tyrosinase inhibitory action, and phenolic compounds structurally similar to L-tyrosine were determined by cylcic voltammetry. The voltammograms obtained could be classified ito 4 patterns (patterns 1-4). Patterns 1, characterized by oxidation and reduction peaks as a pair, was observed with catechol, hydroquinone or phenol, and pattern 2 exhibiting another oxidation peak in addition to oxidation and reduction peaks as a pair was found with arbutin, kojic acid, resorcinol, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate and L-tyrosine as the substrate of tyrosinase. Pattern 3 with an independent oxidation peak only was expressed by L-ascorbic acid, and pattern 4 with a reduction peak only at high potentials, by hinokitiol. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of these compounds was also evaluated using the 50% inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) and the inhibition constant (Ki) as parameters. Hinokitiol, classified as patterns 4, showed the highest inhibitory activity (lowest $IC_{50}$ and Ki). Hydroquinone showing the second highest activity belonged to pattern 1, which also included compounds exhibiting pattern 2 was relatively low with Ki values being in the order of 10-4 M. Although there was no consistent relationship between oxidation-reduction potentials and tyrosinase inhibitory action, the voltammetry data can be used as an additional index to establish the relationship between the structure and the tyrosine inhibitory activity.