• Information Systems Review
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.195-209
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• 2008

Customers' needs change every moment. Profitability of stores can't be increased anymore with an existing standardized chain store management. Accordingly, a personalized store management tool needs through prediction of customers' preference. In this study, we propose a recommending procedure using dynamic customers' preference by analyzing the transaction database. We utilize self-organizing map algorithm and association rule mining which are applied to cluster the chain stores and explore purchase sequence of customers. We demonstrate that the proposed methodology makes an effect on recommendation of products in the market which is characterized by a fast fashion and a short product life cycle.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.273-279
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• 2009

In this paper, an antenna which has dipole-like radiation pattern and low profile is proposed. The antenna is composed of four elements slot array based on L-shaped 0.43 $\lambda_g$ slot element. It presents a omni-directional radiation patter in the azimuth plane and has a null toward broad-side direction. In the design, a small mono-pole antenna which acts as a large capacitance element, combined with the partially removed ground plane by four L-shaped slots. As a result, these structure act as a LC resonator for radiation. The measured result shows, the impedance bandwidth(VSWR$\leq$2) of the proposed antenna is 60 MHz(2.35$\sim$2.41 GHz). The measured maximum radiation gain and efficiency of proposed antenna is 0.02 dBi, 56.7 % at center frequency 2.38 GHz, respectively. The proposed antenna can be applied to wireless tan access point system.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.192-203
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• 2019

China's urban regeneration, which has been focused on economic growth since the 1950's, has brought about the uniformity of cities. In order to improve on this, the urban regeneration policy has been transformed into a cultural city resource, which is promoting urban regeneration while utilizing the cultural characteristics of each region. However, the specific application methods are still lacking. In this study, I attempt to modify the apartment environment of the city, Hanan-sung, based on the pattern-language of Christopher Alexander, a space planning tool that can be used in urban regeneration. First, 23 patterns were chosen from the primary pattern-language. Next, I investigated the characteristics of the traditional housing culture of Hanan-sung through the literature review, surveyed the opinions of current apartment residents, and summarized the requirements. Finally, a new pattern-language was developed for the regeneration of the old apartments from the viewpoint of the culture, by modifying it according to the characteristics and requirements of housing culture of Hanan-sung which summarizes 23 pattern-languages.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.148-160
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• 2009

Purpose: We intended to observe the correlations between Primary dysmenorrhea severity and Questionnaires for Blood Stasis Pattern. Methods: After initial approval by Kyung-Hee University Oriental Medical Hospital Institutional Review Board of Clinical Trials, volunteers for the clinical trial were recruited. We selected the 52 primary dysmenorrhea patients by the screening tests (clinical examination and inquiry). The severity of dysmenorrhea was evaluated by VAS (Visual Analog Scale), VRS (Verbal Rating Scale) & MVRS (Multidimensional Verbal Rating Scale). The severity of Blood Stasis was evaluated by Questionnaires for Blood Stasis Pattern. For statistics, we used Spearman's rho correlations, SPSS 13.0 for windows. Results: In case of VAS, though two items (眼瞼下靑紫, 便黑) of Questionnaires for Blood Stasis Pattern were correlated, total score & discriminant function score of Questionnaires for Blood Stasis Pattern were not correlated. In case of VRS, though two items (小腹痛, 夜間痛) of Questionnaires for Blood Stasis Pattern were correlated, total score & discriminant function score of Questionnaires for Blood Stasis Pattern were not correlated. In case of MVRS, though one items (久痺症) of Questionnaires for Blood Stasis Pattern were correlated, total score & discriminant function score of Questionnaires for Blood Stasis Pattern were not correlated. Conclusion: Though the results showed partial correlation of Primary dysmenorrhea severity and Questionnaires for Blood Stasis Pattern, we need further study after improvement and complementation of Questionnaires for Blood Stasis Pattern.

• School Mathematics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2004

Recently, we have been listening such a words, that is, the crisis of public education through the mass communication such as newspaper or broadcasting. This means that we didn't have an enough opportunity to think it over about good education programme which the education of school can be normalized or the design of curriculum in the current problems such as overcrowded class, teacher and poor finance which is not still solved. As we know, it is true that the older generation is familiar with the rote learning which was under the control of behaviorism for about three hundred years. Fortunately, The 7th curriculum which had made public by the ministry of education on 30 Dec. 1997 have changed so many things such as real life based or activity based and so on. But it still leaves something to be desired in reflecting the demand of teachers of field. Taking into account this real situation, I have wondered how they run curriculum and how math learning programme of lower grade is different with ours in New Zealand, etc and so I had tried to find some suggestive points through the comparison of curriculum and text between Korea and New Zealand. But, if we want to compare all the strands of curriculum between two countries, it is too global and so in this paper, we deal with only number and operations(number), measurement, figure(geometry), equation and patter(algebra), probability and statistics(statistics) which are dealt with more comparatively in the lower grade of primary school. Because the main purpose of this paper is a comparison and analysis of the curriculum and math learning program of the lower grade in the primary school between two countries and so we compare global characteristics of education system and curriculum between two countries, at first and then we dealt with the very core part of the content of New Zealand curriculum within the ranges of level 1, 2 and 3 and global characteristics of learning program simultaneously.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.409-415
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• 2014

This study was done to identify the relationships between nursing practice stress and stress coping for the nursing students in Korea. Data were collected at 2 universities located in C city in Korea. Participants were 160 nursing students. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0 using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Nursing practice stress was $2.72{\pm}6.2$. Stress coping was $2.60{\pm}0.37$. Stress was correlated with wishful thinking coping strategy when doing orientation (r=0.32, p<0.01), conference(r=0.52, p<0.01), homework(r=0.29, p<0.01). Stress for practice exam was correlated with problem focused coping strategy(r=0.31, p<0.05). Stress was correlated with positive view coping strategy when face nurse(r=0.31, p<0.01) or interpersonal relations(r=0.35, p<0.01). Stress related to practice environment and class was correlated with indifference (r=0.26, p<0.01) and tension relieve strategy (r=0.28, p<0.01). There's no stress when they meet or serve direct care to patients. Students managed the stress by showing active coping pattern. It is considered that the experience gave students an excellent capacity to cope with stress. Since the degree of stress and coping pattern can differ from adaptability of situation, a research of change in clinical training stress by seasonal clinical training and coping patter is proposed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.545-556
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• 2017

Various assessment indexes have been developed and utilized to evaluate the driver workload. However, existing workload assessment indexes do not fully reflect driving habits and driving patterns of individual drivers. In addition, there exists significant differences in the amount of workload experienced by a driver and the ability to overcome the driver's workload. To overcome these limitations associated with existing indexes, this study has developed a novel workload assessment index to reflect an individual driver's driving pattern. An average of the absolute values of the steering velocity for each driver are set as a threshold value in order to reflect the driving patterns of individual drivers. Further, the sum of the areas of the steering velocities exceeding the threshold value, which is defined as erratic steering area (ESA) in this study, was quantified. The developed ESA index is applied in evaluating the driver workload of manually driven vehicles in automated vehicle platooning environments. Driving simulation experiments are conducted to collect drivers' responsive behavior data which are used for exploring the relationship between the NASA-TLX score and the ESA by the correlation analysis. As a result, ESA is found to have the greatest correlation with the NASA-TLX score among the various driver workload evaluation indexes in the lane change scenario, confirming the usefulness of ESA.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.273-277
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• 2010

This research was performed to examine changes in the timing of the growth of crops along with changes in temperatures due tochanges and to analyze the change of water-supply-reliability by adding an analysis of the change of agricultural water supply patterns in the basin area of Miryang dam in Korea. Had-CM3 model from U.K. was the tool adopted for the GCM model, a stochastic, daily-meteorology-generation-model called LARS-WG was alsoused for downscaling and for the climate change scenario (A1B) which represents Korea's circumstances best. First of all, to calculate changes in the timing of the growth of crops during this period, the theory of GDD was applied. Except for the period of transplanting and irrigation, there was no choice but to find the proper accumulated temperature by comparing actual temperature data and the supply pattern of agricultural use due to limited temperature data. As a result, proper temperatures were found for each period. $400^{\circ}C$ for the preparation period of a nursery bed, $704^{\circ}C$ for a nursery bed's period, $1,295^{\circ}C$ for the rice-transplanting period, $1,744^{\circ}C$ for starting irrigation, and $3,972^{\circ}C$ for finishing irrigation. To analyze future agricultural supply patter changes, the A1B scenario of Had-CM3 model was adopted, and then Downscaling was conducted adopting LARS-WG. To conduct a stochastical analysis of LARS-WG, climate scenarios were generated for the periods 2011~2030, 2046~2065, 2080~2099 using the data of precipitation andMax/Min temperatures collected from the Miryang gauging station. Upon reviewing the result of the analysis of accumulated temperatures from 2011~2030, the supply of agricultural water was 10 days earlier, and in the next periods-2046~2065, 2080~2099 it also was 10 days earlier. With these results, it is assumed that the supply of agricultural water should be about 1 month ahead of the existing schedule to meet the proper growth conditions of crops. From the results of the agricultural water supply patterns should be altered, but the reliability of water supply becomes more favorable, which is caused from the high precipitation change. Furthermore, since the unique characteristics of precipitation in Korea, which has high precipitation in the summer, water-supply-reliability has a pattern that the precipitation in September could significantly affect the chances of drought the following winter and spring. It could be more risky to make changes to the constant supply pattern under these conditions due to the high uncertainty of future precipitation. Although, several researches have been conducted concerning climate changes, in the field of water-industry, those researches have been solely dependent on precipitation. Even so, with the high uncertainty of precipitation, it is difficult for it to be reflected in government policy. Therefore, research in the field of water-supply-patterns or evapotranspiration according to the temperature or other diverse effects, which has higher reliability on anticipation, could obtain more reliable results in the future and that could result in water-resource maintenance to be safer and a more advantageous environment.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 2022

This study analyzed the PM_2.5 pattern by using data measured for one year from June 2020 to May 2021 by 21 low-cost sensors installed near the Changwon National Industrial Complex in Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do. For the PM_2.5 pattern, the land use types around the measuring points and meteorological factors such as air temperature and wind speed were considered. The PM_2.5 concentration was high from November to March in winter, and from 1 to 9 in the morning and early in the morning by time zone. The concentration of PM_2.5 was higher as it got closer to the industrial area, but the concentration was lower in the residential area and public facility area. In terms of meteorological factors, the higher the air temperature and wind speed, the lower the concentration of PM_2.5. As a result of this study, it was possible to identify the PM_2.5 patter near Changwon National Industrial Complex. This result will be useful data that can be used in urban and environmental planning to improve air quality including PM_2.5 in urban area in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.77-98
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• 1993

The intent of this study is to analyze the characteristics of distribution, patter, and deposits of the exposed debris slope landform by aerial photography interpretation, measure-ment on the topographical maps and field surveys in the southern part Taebaek mountains. It also aims to research the arrangement types of mountain slope and the landform development of debris slopes in this area. In conclusion, main observations can be summed up as follows. 1. The distribution characteristics 1)From the viewpoint of bedrocks, the distribution density of talus is high in case of the bedrock with high density of joints, sheeting structures and hard rocks, but that of the block stream is high in case of intrusive rocks with the talus line. 2)From the viewpoint of bedrocks, the distribution density of talus is high in case of the bedrock with high density of joints, sheeting structures and hard rocks, but that of the block stream is high in case of inrtusive rocks with the talus line. 2) From the viewpoint of distribution altitude, talus is mainly distributed in the 301~500 meters part above the sea level, while the block stream is distributed in the 101~300 meters part. 3) From the viewpoint of slope oriention, the distribution density of talus on the slope facing the south(S, SE, SW) is a little higher than that of talus on the slope facing the north(N, NE, NW). 2. The Pattern Characteristics 1) The tongue-shaped type among the four types is the most in number. 2) The average length of talus slope is 99 meters, especially that of talus composed of hornfels or granodiorite is longer. Foth the former is easy to make free face; the latter is easdy to produce round stones. The average length of block stream slope is 145 meters, the longest of all is one km(granodiorite). 3) The gradient of talus slope is 20~45${^\circ}$, most of them 26-30${^\croc}$; but talus composed of intrusive rocks is gentle. 4) The slope pattern of talus shows concave slope, which means readjustment of constituent debris. Some of the block stream slope patterns show concave slope at the upper slope and the lower slope, but convex slope at the middle slope; others have uneven slope. 3. The deposit characteristics 1) The average length of constituent debris is 48~172 centimeters in diameter, the sorting of debris is not bad without matrix. That of block stream is longer than that of talus; this difference of debris average diameter is funda-mentally caused by joint space of bedrocks. 2) The shape of constituent debris in talus is mainly angular, but that of the debris composed of intrusive rocks is sub-angular. The shape of constituent debris in block stream is mainly sub-roundl. 3) IN case dof talus, debris diameter is generally increasing with downward slope, but some of them are disordered and the debris diameter of the sides are larger than that of the middle part on a landform surface. In block stream, debris diameter variation is perpendicularly disordered, and the debris diameter of the middle part is generally larger than that of the sides on a landform surface. 4)The long axis orientation of debris is a not bad at the lower part of the slope in talus (only 2 of 6 talus). In block stream(2 of 3), one is good in sorting; another is not bad. The researcher thinks that the latter was caused by the collapse of constituent debris. 5) Most debris were weathered and some are secondly weathered in situ, but talus composed of fresh debris is developing. 4. The landform development of debris slopes and the arrangement types of the mountain slope 1) The formation and development period of talus is divided into two periods. The first period is formation period of talus9the last glacial period), the second period is adjustment period(postglacial age). And that of block stream is divided into three periods: the first period is production period of blocks(tertiary, interglacial period), the second formation period of block stream(the last glacial period), and the third adjustment period of block stream(postglacialage). 2) The arrangement types of mountain slope are divided into six types in this research area, which are as follows. Type I; high level convex slope-free face-talus-block stream-alluvial surface Type II: high level convex slope-free face-talus-alluvial surface Type III: free face-talus-block stream-all-uvial surface Type IV: free face-talus-alluval surface Type V: talus-alluval surface Type VI: block stream-alluvial surface Particularly, type IV id\s basic type of all; others are modified ones.