• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2020

The stochastic point-source model has been widely used in generating artificial ground motions, which can be used to develop a ground motion prediction equation and to evaluate the seismic risk of structures. This model mainly consists of three different functions representing source, path, and site effects. The path effect is used to emulate decay in ground motion in accordance with distance from the source. In the stochastic point-source model, the path attenuation effect is taken into account by using the geometrical attenuation effect and the inelastic attenuation effect. The aim of this study is to develop accurate equations of ground motion attenuation in the Korean peninsula. In this study, attenuation was estimated and validated by using a stochastic point source model and observed ground motion recordings for the Korean peninsula.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.191-202
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• 2022

Markov envelope as a theoretical solution of the parabolic wave equation with Markov approximation for the von Kármán type random medium is studied and approximated with the convolution of two probability density functions (pdf) of normal and gamma distributions considering the previous studies on the applications of Radiative Transfer Theory (RTT) and the analysis results of earthquake records. Through the approximation with gamma pdf, the constant shape parameter of 2 was determined regardless of the source distance r_o. This finding means that the scattering process has the property of an inhomogeneous single-scattering Poisson process, unlike the previous studies, which resulted in a homogeneous multiple-scattering Poisson process. Approximated Markov envelope can be treated as the normalized mean square (MS) envelope for ground acceleration because of the flat source Fourier spectrum. Based on such characteristics, the path duration is estimated from the approximated MS envelope and compared to the empirical formula derived by Boore and Thompson. The results clearly show that the path duration increases proportionately to r_o^1/2-r_o², and the peak value of the RMS envelope is attenuated by exp (-0.0033r_o), excluding the geometrical attenuation. The attenuation slope for r_o≤100 km is quite similar to that of effective attenuation for shallow crustal earthquakes, and it may be difficult to distinguish the contribution of intrinsic attenuation from effective attenuation. Slowly varying dispersive delay, also called the medium effect, represented by regular pdf, governs the path duration for the source distance shorter than 100 km. Moreover, the diffraction term, also called the distance effect because of scattering, fully controls the path duration beyond the source distance of 300 km and has a steep gradient compared to the medium effect. Source distance 100-300 km is a transition range of the path duration governing effect from random medium to distance. This means that the scattering may not be the prime cause of peak attenuation and envelope broadening for the source distance of less than 200 km. Furthermore, it is also shown that normal distribution is appropriate for the probability distribution of phase difference, as asserted in the previous studies.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.80-86
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• 2000

에디 공분산 방법은 생태계와 대기간의 질량과 에너지 교환을 측정하는데 널리 사용되고 있다. 이 방법은 다른 미기상학적 방법과는 달리 많은 가정을 필요로 하지 않는 직접 측정으로서, 스칼라의 농도 변화를 측정하기 위해 고속 반응의 개회로 또는 폐회로 기기를 필요로 한다. 후자를 사용할 경우, 흡입된 공기가 관을 통과하면서 스칼라의 농도 변동의 감쇠가 일어난다. 이러한 관 감쇠 효과는 측정하고자 하는 난류 플럭스를 과소 평가하게 한다. 난류 흐름의 감쇠 효과를 정량화하기 위해서 개회로 기기와 폐회로 기기로 측정된 수증기 농도를 각각 분석하였다. 통계적 분석에 의하면, 폐회로 기기에서 얻어진 스펙트럼이 0.5 Hz 이상의 영역에서 개회로 기기에서 얻어진 스펙트럼과 서로 다름을 보였다. 낮에는 관 감쇠에 의한 수증기 플럭스의 손실이 5% 이내였으나, 밤에는 풍속이 작고, 난류의 강도가 약하여 플럭스 손실이 상대적으로 크게 나타났다. 이론적으로 계산된 플럭스 손실은 관측 결과와 고주파수 영역에서 약간의 차이를 보였는데, 이것은 수증기가 관의 벽과 상호 작용하면서 플럭스 측정에 영향을 주었기 때문인 것으로 추정된다. 결론적으로, 개회로나 폐회로기기 모두 5% 오차 내에서 수증기 플럭스 관측에 사용할 수 있다. 그러나 대기가 안정할 때는 플럭스 산출시 고주파수에서의 영향을 신중히 고려해 주어야 한다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.779-785
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• 1999

위성전송신호는 위성 전송로 상에 강우가 있을 경우 신호감쇠를 겪게된다. 강우에 의한 신호 열화량은 10 GHz 이상의 주파수를 사용한 경우 강수에 의한 감쇠 영향을 받게 되며, 높은 주파수 신호일수록 감쇠 정도가 심각하다. 강우에 의한 신호 열화량은 강우의 세기인 강우강도에 좌우되며, 강우 강도 분포 특성을 추정하기 위해서는 적어도 10년 이상의 장기간 데이터로부터 유도된 분포에 의해 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 창원-마산지역의 강우데이터(88년-97년)로부터, Moupfouma New Model을 이용하여 강우강도의 년 시간율 특성을 도출한 후, ITU-R모델, Global모델, SAM모델을 이용하여 강우감쇠를 예측하고 강우의 영향을 분석하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2009

In this paper, we studied on an attenuation effect of automobile exhaust noise according to the direction of canceling speaker in duct-acoustic ANC system. Automobile exhaust noise was recorded at 800rpm, 3500rpm and 5000rpm of a diesel engine. Directions of canceling speaker can be set to $30^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$ and $150^{\circ}$ against the primary noise flow by acrylic ducts to be made for the experimentation. DSP board used to control the ANC system. The algorithm of this ANC system applied the Filtered-x-LMS algorithm that is modified to compensate for a property of DSP input signal and the secondary-path effect. As an experiment result, the direction of canceling speaker was proved to influence the reduction effect of noise. The $150^{\circ}$ duct in the attenuation effect of noise showed a better result than the $90^{\circ}$ or $30^{\circ}$ duct.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.251-260
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• 2009

In this paper, we studied on an attenuation effect of automobile exhaust noise according to the direction of canceling speaker in ANC system. Automobile exhaust noise was recorded at 800 rpm, 3500 rpm and 5000 rpm of a diesel engine. Directions of canceling speaker can be set to $30^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$ and $150^{\circ}$ against the primary noise flow by acrylic ducts to be made for the experimentation. DSP board with TMS320C6416 chip of Texas Instrument Co. used to control the ANC system. The algorithm of this ANC system applied the Filtered-x-LMS algorithm that is modified to compensate for a property of DSP input signal and the secondary-path effect. As an experiment result, the direction of canceling speaker was proved to influence the reduction effect of noise. The $150^{\circ}$ duct in the attenuation effect of noise showed a better result than the $90^{\circ}$ or $30^{\circ}$ duct.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.877-893
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• 2011

Response spectra of earthquake ground motions are important in the earthquake-resistant design and reliability analysis of structures. The formulation of the response spectrum in the frequency domain efficiently computes and evaluates the stochastic response spectrum. The frequency information of the excitation can be described using different functional forms. The shapes of the calculated response spectra of the excitation show strong magnitude and site dependency, but weak distance dependency. In this paper, to compare the effect of the earthquake ground motion variables, the contribution of these sources of variability to the response spectrum's uncertainty is calculated by using a stochastic analysis. The analytical results show that earthquake source factors and soil condition variables are the main sources of uncertainty in the response spectra, while path variables, such as distance, anelastic attenuation and upper crust attenuation, have relatively little effect. The presented formulation of dynamic structural response in frequency domain based only on the frequency information of the excitation can provide an important basis for the structural analysis in some location that lacks strong motion records.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.80-88
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• 2016

For next generation global navigation satellite systems, new carrier frequencies in Ku/V band are expected to emerge as a promising alternative to the current frequency windows in L band as they get severely congestive. In the case of higher frequency bands, signal attenuation phenomenon through the atmosphere is significantly different from the L band signal propagation. In this paper, a fundamental investigation is carried out to explore the Ku/V band as a candidate frequency band for a new global satellite navigation carrier signal, wherein specific attention is given to the effects of the dominant attenuation factors through the tropospheric propagation path. For a specific application, a candidate orbit preliminarily designed for the Korean regional satellite navigation system is adapted. Simulation results summarize that the Ku band can provide a promising satellite navigation implementation considering the present satellite's power budget, while the V band still requires technical advances in satellite transceiver system implementations.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.4123-4144
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• 2016

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) utilize radio propagation models (RPMs) to predict path loss in vehicular environment. Modern urban vehicular environment contains road infrastructure units that include road tunnels, straight roads, curved roads flyovers and underpasses. Different RPMs were proposed in the past to predict path loss, but modern road infrastructure units especially flyovers and underpasses are neglected previously. Most of the existing RPMs are computationally complex and ignore some of the critical features such as impact of infrastructure units on the signal propagation and the effect of both static and moving radio obstacles on signal attenuation. Therefore, the existing RPMs are incapable of predicting path loss in flyovers and underpass accurately. This paper proposes an RPM to predict path loss for vehicular communication on flyovers and inside underpasses that considers both the static and moving radio obstacles while requiring only marginal overhead. The proposed RPM is validated based upon the field measurements in 5 GHz frequency band. A close agreement is found between the measured and predicted values of path loss.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based wireless communication system has drawn wide attention for its high transmission rate and high spectrum efficiency in not only radio but also Underwater Acoustic (UWA) applications. Because of the narrow sub-carrier spacing of OFDM, orthogonality between sub-carriers is easily affected by Doppler effect caused by the movement of transmitter or receiver. Previously, Doppler compensation signal processing algorithm for Desired propagation path was proposed. However, other Doppler shifts caused by delayed Undesired signal arriving from different directions cannot be perfectly compensated. Then Receiver Bit Error Rate (BER) is degraded by Inter-Carrier-Interference (ICI) caused in the case of Multi-path Doppler channel. To mitigate the ICI effect, a modified Delay and Doppler Profiler (mDDP), which estimates not only attenuation, relative delay and Doppler shift but also sampling clock shift of each multi-path component, is proposed. Based on the outputs of mDDP, an ICI canceling multi-tap equalizer is also proposed. Computer simulated performances of one-tap equalizer with the conventional Time domain linear interpolated Channel Transfer Function (CTF) estimator, multi-tap equalizer based on mDDP are compared. According to the simulation results, BER improvement has been observed. Especially, in the condition of 16QAM modulation, transmitting vessel speed of 6m/s, two-path multipath channel with direct path and ocean surface reflection path; more than one order of magnitude BER reduction has been observed at CNR=30dB.