• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.17-30
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• 2015

Technology-oriented national R&D programs produce intellectual property as their final result. Patents, as typical industrial intellectual property, are therefore considered an important factor when evaluating the outcome of R&D programs. Among the main components of patent evaluation, in particular, the patent right quality is a key component constituting patent value, together with marketability and usability. Current approaches for patent right quality evaluation rely mostly on intrinsic knowledge of patent attorneys, and the recent rapid increase of national R&D patents is making expert-based evaluation costly and time-consuming. Therefore, this study defines a hierarchy of patent right quality and then proposes how to quantify the evaluation process of patent right quality by combining text mining and regression analysis. This study will contribute to understanding of the systemic view of the patent right quality evaluation, as well as be an efficient aid for evaluating patents in R&D program assessment processes.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.20
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• pp.455-470
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• 1993

In recent years, the intellectual property rights (IPR) are increasingly becoming trade goods and the subject of international trade negotiations. During the past decades, intellectual properties earned critical importance for economic development in both developed and developing countries. Developed countries, headed by the United States, that recognize the economic value of the IPR in the world market are aggressively seeking for universal protection of IPR throughout the world. Intellectual properties have unique qualities that distinguish them from other tangible goods. Most importantly, they are public goods created on the basis of knowledge and information accumulated throughout human history and shared by different cultures. However, there is a growing tendency that the quality of public goods are being etched away as the property concept in IPR expands. In this paper, I discuss how copyright and patent laws incorporated the concept of property right as natural right to one's intellectual creations in early formation of the laws in Europe. I argue that copyright law and patent law are the historical products resulting from political, economic, and ideological factors interacting in a certain society. A history of copyright and patent points to that the intellectual property rights as natural lights of authors and inventors as argued by developed countries in international disputes, are not universal, but unique historical products. Copyright and patent laws have been shaped and developed as regulatory measures by governments to promote and control industries by providing authors and inventors with monopoly incentives. Since property right was used as a regulatory device it was restricted. This is to enhance the distribution of knowledge and information rather than to ensure the property right as an absolute right.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.65-81
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• 2010

This paper explores the determinants of the economic value of patents using a survival time analysis. The analysis is based on renewal information of about 250,000 patents filed from 1984 to 2005 in the Korea Intellectual Property Office. A patent right is valid only when its owner pays yearly maintenance fees. Failure to pay causes patent rights to be lapsed. We use the fact that more valued patents live longer and the lengths of their renewals can be closely related to their value. The value can be affected not only by its own technological aspects such as quality and breadth, but also by characteristics of its owners such as innovativeness and age. This paper presents patent-specific and firm-specific characteristics which influence patent value. The result of analysis implies that patent value depends on both the technological contents of the patent and general capabilities of a firm.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1981

Twenty eight patients with conpnital heart disuse underwent lung biopsy to assets pulmonary obstructive vascular disease at cardiac surpry. Thirteen patients had patent ductus arteriosus, 10, ventricular septal defects and S, atrial septal defects. The aaes were between 2 and 30 years. In patients with patent ductus arteriosus lung biopsy was performed from the IIngular Hlment. The anterior seament of the right upper lobe was blopsled in cases with ventricular septal defect and atrial septal defect. Grading of pulmonary obstructive vascular disease could not be assessed In 9 cases. In 2 cases poor quality of the slides made us impossible to evaluate and In 7 cases there were no suitable small muscular arteries to evaluate in the slides of lung tissue especially taken from the IIngular seament. Nineteen cases were evaluated pulmonary obstructive vascular disease. Among them 17 cases had Heath-Edwards changes of grade 1 and 2 patients had that of grade 3. The thickness of media was measured. It was expressed as percentage of medial thickness to outer diameter of artery. The medial thickness was correlated proportionally with elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance to systemic vascular resistance ratio. There were no complications related to the procedure of lung biopsy.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2000

Objective : The heart diseases are known as a major cause of sudden death, as well as a cause of poor life-quality of school-age children. But there have been few mass screening of heart diseases in these children in Korea. This study was done to estimate the prevalence of heart diseases of these population. Methods : We screened all elementary students(grade 1) in 12 cities and 16 counties(Gun) in Kyonggi province from 1992 to 1955. The first screening was done by auscultation of doctors and simultaneously by checking using 'auto-interpreter of EKG-cardiac sound' (Fukuda Densi ECP 50A). We conducted luther examinations to whom classified as being abnormal condition in first screening, by using EKG, chest x-ray, doppler echocardiograpy(if needed). Results : The total number of examined students was 161,308(92% of the population), the male were 83,238 and female were 78,070. The congenital heart diseases(CHD) patients were 290(18 per 10,000) - male 155(18.6 per 10,000) and female 135(17.3 per 10,000). The most frequent disease was ventricula septal defect(VSD, 45.5%), Atrial septal defect(ASD, 14.8%), Tetralogy of Follot(TOF, 11.7%), and Patent Dutus Arteriosis(PDA, 7.6%) in order. In female, the order was VSD(48.1%), ASD(13.3%), TOF(11.1%), and PDA(10.4%). The total number of EKG abnormality were 433(62.7 per 10,000) among 69,056 screened children in 1995. The complete right bundle branch block(CRBBB) and paroxymal ventricular contraction(PVC) were frequent(26.6%, 26.3% in each), and incomplete right bunddle branch block(IRBBB, 14.6%), paroxymal atrial contraction(PAC, 6.7%), abnormal Q(5.8%), Wolf-Pakinson-White syndrom (5.5%) in order. In female, the most frequent abnormality was PVC(29.8%), and CRBBB(19.9%) in order. Conclusion : We could present the stable prevalence of the rare heart disease. The prevalence of congenital heart diseases was 18.0 per 10,000 and of EKG abnormality was 62.7 per 10,000 among school children.

• The Journal of Small Business Innovation
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.57-74
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• 2016

This paper analyzes the role of strategic fit, cooperation, and performance in small-sized subpart suppliers' interactions with large businesses. For this purpose, this paper analyzes survey data from 90 first-tier suppliers of Samsung Electronics and evaluates how strategic fit and cooperative relationships affect their performance. Empirical analysis suggests that strategic fit positively affects small companies' business and innovation performance. This finding aligns with theories arguing for strategies that accommodate specific business environments. In addition, strategic fit is crucial for innovativeness of SMEs (Small and Medium-sized Enterprises). With regard to forming relationships with large companies, findings also show that high quality technological and personnel cooperation boosts subpart suppliers' productivity and efficiency as notably reflected in SMEs' business performance. Moreover, such cooperation between small and large companies reinforces the benefits associated with strategic fit and innovation. This means that if the business environment of small-sized subpart suppliers is uncertain, harnessing differentiated strategies and pursuing collaborations with prime companies will produce innovative outcomes (e.g., increased patent publications). On the other hand, when degree of uncertainty is small, pursuing cost leadership strategies and collaborating with prime companies in areas, such as technology and personnel, will help small-sized subpart suppliers produce innovative outcomes. Based on these findings, this paper argues that choosing the right competitive strategy for a specific business context is intrinsically tied to (1) augmenting technological and human collaborations with prime companies, (2) improving the quality of these interactions, and (3) generating competitiveness among small subpart suppliers. Both competition and cooperation are necessary for strengthening the competitiveness of small companies.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.570-577
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• 2004

CT angiography is now available to evaluate the early graft patency after coronary bypass surgery. We investigated whether patency or occlusion of the bypass grafts can be visualized by CT angiography and what factors effect the visuality. Material and Method: Fifty patients underwent scanning with a 4-slice computed tomographic scanner (Somatom Volume ZoomTM; Siemens, Germany) before being discharged after coronary artery bypass grafting. To evaluate graft patency and relationship between the quality of graft image and the characteristics of the diseased coronary vessels, 50 internal thoracic artery grafts, 18 radial artery grafts, and 56 vein grafts were included in this study. Result: All vein grafts (24 grafts; 32 anastomoses) to left coronary artery system were well visualized, but 3 grafts (4.7%) of 30 vein grafts (35 anastomoses) to right coronary artery system were not visualized. The latter was also occluded in invasive coronary angiographic study. Thirty-nine (78%) internal thoracic artery grafts were well visualized, 8 (16%) faintly visualized, and 3 (6%) not visualized, but all the internal artery grafts were well patent in invasive coronary angiographic study. Conclusion: Unvisualized vein grafts in CT angiography means occlusion of the grafts, but unvisualized arterial grafts in CT angiography may not mean occlusion of the graft but result from competitive flow between the graft and coronary artery. To confirm patency of the unvisualized arterial grafts, invasive coronary angiography is needed.