• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.18-26
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a task-oriented approach on weight-bearing distribution and muscular activities of the paretic leg during sit-to-stand movement in 18 chronic stroke patients. Both groups were received neurodevelopmental treatment for 30 min/day and then the experimental group ($n_1$=9) followed additional a task-oriented approach (sit-to stand training with controlled environment) and the control group ($n_2$=9) followed a passive range of motion exercise for 15 min/day, five days/week, for four weeks. Weight-bearing distribution and muscular activities of the paretic leg during sit-to-stand movement were measured before and after four weeks of training. There was significantly improved weight-bearing distribution of the paretic leg during sit-to-stand movement in the experimental group compared with that of the control group after four weeks of training (p<.05). But electromyographic activities of the quadriceps and the tibialis anterior of the paretic leg were not significantly different (p>.05). Thus, it is necessary to apply a task-oriented approach to improve the weight-bearing distribution of the paretic leg during sit-to-stand movement in chronic stroke patients.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.456-464
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• 2013

Passive sonar in submarine can detect the target in long range and can attack using it. There are many noises which can be received at passive sonar of submarine. When noise received in the sonar it make diverse interference pattern depend on the ocean ambient and movement scenario. Interference pattern can be explained by theory of waveguide invariant. In this paper, analyze the interference pattern according to the relative motions of surface ship and submarine. And analyze the occurrence reason of 2 kinds of interference patterns those are usually display on the submarine console. The results show that if relative speed of submarine and target increase then gradient of interference pattern will increase. And closest point approach of submarine and target decrease then gradient of interference pattern will increase. Bathtube pattern usually appear when target pass though close to submarine and Pinetree pattern appear target pass though above of submarine.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.833-839
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• 2010

In this paper, a novel 1 DOF hand rehabilitation robot is proposed in consideration of ADL training for stroke patients. To perform several ADL trainings, the proposed robot can move the thumb part and the part of 4 fingers simultaneously and realize the full ROM (Range of Motion) in grasp. Based on these characteristics, the proposed robot realizes several types of grasp such as cylindrical grasp, lateral grasp, and pinch grasp by using a passive revolute joint that can change the thumb movement direction. The movement of the thumb is driven by a cable mechanism and the part of 4 fingers is moved by a four-bar linkage mechanism.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.333-343
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• 2020

Preventing or reducing the damage impact of lateral soil movements on piled foundations is highly dependent on understanding the behavior of passive piles. For this reason, a detailed experimental study is carried out, aimed to examine the influence of soil density, the depth of moving layer and pile spacing on the behavior of a 2×2 free-standing pile group subjected to a uniform profile of lateral soil movement. Results from 8 model tests comprise bending moment, shear force, soil reaction and deformations measured along the pile shaft using strain gauges and others probing tools were performed. It is found that soil density and the depth of moving layer have an opposite impact regarding the ultimate response of piles. A pile group embedded in dense sand requires less soil displacement to reach the ultimate soil reaction compared to those embedded in medium and loose sands. On the other hand, the larger the moving depth, the larger amount of lateral soil movement needs to develop the pile group its ultimate deformations. Furthermore, the group factor and the effect of pile spacing were highly related to the soil-structure interaction resulted from the transferring process of forces between pile rows with the existing of the rigid pile cap.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.46-56
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of watsu therapy on muscle tone in adult hemiparesis patient after stroke. The subject was a 66 year old patient with left hemiparesis whose self gait was independent with minimal assist. The subject was ambulatory with some degree of limitation and demonstrated a little tremor and asymmetry in the body. A multiple treatment design(A-B-C-B) for a single-subject research was used for this study. The watsu therapy consisted of basic moves, head cradle, underfar leg, near leg cradle in watsu I (transition flow), for 25 minutes, which lasted 12 sessions for a total 21 sessions. A baseline was conducted for a first time and a general ROM exercise was conducted after the first watsu therapy. Tone assessment scale was tested : 1. posturing at rest 2. response to passive movement 3. associated reaction Comparing to the baseline and general ROM exercise, The results showed that the watsu therapy had some positive effects on improvement of three tests and there was a more positive effects of both response to passive movement and associated reaction.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.133-144
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to establish reliability of the Tone Assessment Scale (TAS) translated into Korean in patients with stroke. The TAS consists of resting posture, response to passive movement, and associated reaction to active effort. Fifteen patients (14 males, 1 female) were examined by two raters. Surface electromyography (EMG) data at elbow flexor muscle and joint excursion were collected from 6 patients. To identify the correlation between muscle activity and angular changes of elbow muscle, Pearson product moment correlation was used. The inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of the TAS ranged from very good to good (K/Kw=.61~1.00 for intra-rater and K/Kw=.73~1.00 for intra-rater comparisons) in the sections of resting posture and associated reaction. However, in the section of response to passive movement, the reliability coefficients ranged from very good to fair (Kw=.29~1.00). In the 11th item, correlation between EMG ratio of elbow flexor and angular changes of elbow joint showed statistically strong positive relationship (r=.94, p<.05). These results indicate that the TAS is selectively reliable in the sections of resting posture and associated reaction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.6-11
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• 2002

This paper is concerned with the development of the vibration isolation system using piezoelectric actuators and sensors. The active vibration absorber system consists of 4 pairs of PZT actuators bonded on aluminum plates. Hence, the active system is directly connected to the passive system. The rubber attached to the end of the beam is connected to the upper base as a structural member. It allows bending thus maximizing the vertical movement generated by the piezoceramic actuators. The piezoceramic sensors consists of 4 PZT sensors known to tilting, rolling and vertical movement. This paper also presents the development and the movement of the system.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2008

Purpose : To describes the important aspects of knee joint movement and function used when applying PNF technique to the lower limb. Method : The knee was a very important roles in the lower limb movement and ambulation. This study summarizes the physiologic movement of knee to the PNF lower extremity patterns. Result : The tibiofemoral joint is usually described as a modified hinge joint with flexion-extension and axial rotation by two degrees of freedom movement. These arthrokinematics are a result of the geometry of the joints and the tension produced in the ligamentous structures. The patellofemoral joint is a sellar joint between the patella and the femur. Stability of the patellofemoral joint is dependent on the passive and dynamic restraints around the knee. In a normal knee the ligaments are inelastic and maintain a constant length as the knee flexes and extends, helping to control rolling, gliding and translation of the joint motions. Conclusions : It is important to remember that small alterations in joint alignment can result in significant alterations in patellofemoral joint stresses and that changes in the mechanics of the patellofemoral joint can also result in changes in the tibiofemoral compartments. Successful treatment requires the physical therapist to understand and apply these arthrokinematic concepts. When applied to PNF low extremity patterns, understanding of these mechanical concepts can maximize patient function while minimizing the risk for further symptoms or injury.

• Broadcasting and Media Magazine
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.118-131
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• 2006

With rapid development in ultra fast communication and digital multimedia, the realistic broadcasting technology, that can stimulate five human senses beyond the conventional audio-visual service is emerging as a new generation broadcasting technology. In this paper, we introduce a haptic broadcasting system and related core system and component techniques by which we can 'touch and feel' objects in an audio-visual scene. The system is composed of haptic media acquisition and creation, contents authoring, in the haptic broadcasting, the haptic media can be 3-D geometry, dynamic properties, haptic surface properties, movement, tactile information to enable active touch and manipulation and passive movement following and tactile effects. In the proposed system, active haptic exploration and manipulation of a 3-D mesh, active haptic exploration of depth video, passive kinesthetic interaction, and passive tactile interaction can be provided as potential haptic interaction scenarios and a home shopping, a movie with tactile effects, and conducting education scenarios are produced to show the feasibility of the proposed system.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.47-58
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• 2007

The usage of Integral abutment bridges has been increased worldwide because of reducing bridge maintenance costs and resisting seismic loads. Although these attributes make the integral abutment bridge an increasingly popular choice, back-abutment interaction issues remain unresolved. Hence, the earth pressure behavior of an integral abutment bridge having 90 m long PSC beam bridge for the first time in Korea was analyzed by conducting long term monitoring in this study. Based on this study, the results were as follows; the ratio of maximum passive movement to the abutment height (H) of 0.0027 and the maximum passive earth pressure coefficient of 4.8 were developed at 0.82H from the bottom of the abutment during summer season. During winter season, the ratio of maximum active movement to H of 0.0011 and the maximum active earth pressure coefficient of 0.7 were developed at the same location as in summer season. The new earth pressure distributions having a trapezoid type were proposed based on this study.