• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.415-422
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• 2008

The emission characteristics of odorous compounds discharged from the major environmental treatment facilities in Chungju were closely investigated by an ammonia passive sampler and by analyzing a questionnaire of the public complains. Amongst the four major emission sources, the manure treatment facility showed the highest concentration. The major components were sulfur compounds including H$_2$S, tri-methyl amine, and aldehydes. The foodwaste treatment processes releases sulfur compounds and aldehydes. Municipal waste water treatment facility emits a high concentration of acetaldehyde. It was found that the perceived odor level depends on the meteorological condition, and the odor intensity was higher at midnight than daytime.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.369-375
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• 2011

Objectives: Exposure to hazardous chemicals during pregnancy may result incritical reproductive health outcomes. Indoor residential levels are significant component of personal exposure. The collection of residential exposure data has been hampered by the cost and participant burden of health studies of indoor air pollution. This study utilized a participant-based approach to collect volatile organic compounds concentration from homes. Methods: Four hundred thirteen women were recruited from three major hospitals in Seoul and Gyeongi Provence and 411 agreed to participate. A passive sampler (OVM 3500, 3M, USA) with instructions were given to the participants, as well as a questionnaire. They were asked to deploy the sampler in their homes for three to five days and return them viapre-stamped envelope. Results: Three hundred forty six participants returned the sampler. Among the returned samplers, three hundred samplers satisfied our monitoring quality criteria. The success rate of the monitoring method was 73%. The geometric mean of TVOC level was 429(2) ${\mu}g/m^3$. The TVOC guideline of 500 ${\mu}g/m^3$ was exceeded in 38% of the houses. The residential VOC levels were significantly associated with remodeling of the house. Conclusions: The results suggested that a participant-based sampling approach may be a feasible and costeffective alternative to exposure assessment involving home visits by a field technician.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.217-227
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• 2013

Passive air samplers (PAS) have been developed since the early 2000s and widely used for the atmospheric monitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). PAS are useful especially for the investigation of source-receptor relationship of POPs because they provide higher spatial resolution data. In Korea, however, only a few research groups have conducted POPs monitoring using PAS. One of the reasons for the limited application of PAS might be due to a complicated calculation method for air concentration. In this study, therefore, we introduced the principle of polyurethane foam (PUF)-PAS, which has been most widely used in the world, and provided an example of the calculation of air concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). As all data tables and equations for this calculation were provided, this method can be used for the conversion of the amount of POPs (ng) in a PUF disk to air concentration ($ng/m^3$).

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.217-225
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• 2004

In order to evaluate a health effect of air pollution, we designed exposure group (taxi driver, street sweeper, street trader,) and non -exposure group (office clerk). We analysed exposure and biologic marker by using personal sampler. Mean NO$_2$ and benzene level in each group were statistically significant. Also, respiratory symptom, chronic cough, sputum, and dyspnea on exertion were statistically significant in each group.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.109-124
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• 1996

This study was performed to evaluate the performance of three passive samplers made in U.S.A. Three passive samplers selected for this study included products made by 3M, Gilian, and SKC in U.S.A. Three organic solvents, such as toluene, trichloroethylene, and n-hexane which are used frequently in Korean industry were selected for the study. Conclusions obtained from this study are summarized as follows. 1. For toluene and trichloroethylene, the overall accuracy of the results from all of three products was within 25 %, which is the criteria recommended by the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). For n-hexane, the overall accuracy of the results from two products except 3M was exceeding 25 %. Thus 3M product showed the best accuracy among three products. 2. When passive samplers collected organic vapors were exposed to clean air for two hours, there were 12 - 16 % loss of organic vapors due to reverse diffusion in Gilian products. There was no significant loss in results from other two products. 3. Air velocity affected greatly on the performance of passive samplers which did not have permeation membrane. At high velocity, 100 cm/sec, accuracies of results from Gilian and SKC were 57 - 108 and 128 - 164 %, respectively. However, the results from 3M samplers, which contain permeation membrane, indicated accuracy below 25 %. 4. When passive samplers collected organic vapors for eight hours, the accuracy was reduced. Thus, it is recommended that passive samplers be used for less than four hours.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 2008

This study investigates the variation and spatial distribution of nitrogen dioxide($NO_2$) concentrations measured with passive diffusive samplers at 40 curbside points in Daejeon. Average $NO_2$ concentration was $39.8{\pm}18.0\;ppb$ (n=1,127) and the significant difference in concentrations by regional groups (Dong-gu, Jung-gu, Seo-gu, Daedeok-gu, Yuseong-gu) was not observed. The frequency distribution of $NO_2$ concentration was found to be a normal distribution with the high frequency in the concentration range of 30 to 40 ppb (20 to 25%). Average $NO_2$ concentration measured during the rainy periods was lower than that measured during the non-rainy periods and the decrease of concentration by rainfall was about 16% (7 ppb). The variation of $NO_2$ concentrations measured by passive diffusive samplers during the sampling period was similar to that continuously measured at the air quality monitoring station.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to contribute to the prevention of occupational diseases through the development of an automatic analysis program for evaluating workers' exposure to hazardous chemical substances. Methods: The authors selected chemical substances that caused occupational disease in Korea and chemical substances that are frequently used in industrial sites as target substances for a GC-MS automatic analysis program. The target substances are organic compounds which can be measured by a passive sampler. The automatic analysis program was studied using various raw data obtained from GC-MS analysis for the target substances. Results: A total of 48 organic compounds that can be measured with a passive sampler were selected as target substances for the GC-MS automatic analysis program. The selected compounds included substances that caused occupational disease, substances related to C1 and D1 in special health examinations, and substances for which work environment measurements have been frequently conducted. The GC-MS automatic analysis program was developed by combining information mainly on retention time and mass spectrum. The GC-MS automatic analysis program is designed to analyze unknown samples by comparing the mass spectrum and retention time of the samples to those of reference materials. To evaluate the stability of the program, samples at about the 30-50% level of OELs were prepared and analyzed with the GC-MS automatic analysis program, resulting in stable results for all 48 organic compounds. Conclusion: An automatic analysis program for a total of 48 organic compounds was developed using a GC-MS system that can analyze organic compounds. Unknown samples that contain the 48 organic compounds can be automatically analyzed by the developed program. It is anticipated that it can contribute to the prevention of occupational diseases through an GC-MS automatic analysis program that can quickly provide workers with information on exposure to chemical substances.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.330-331
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• 2008

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.392-393
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.503-504
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• 2006

김해시 동지역을 중심으로 20개의 지점을 선정하여 대기중에 포함되어있는 휘발성유기화합물에 대해 Passive Sampler를 이용하여 2개월에 1회 측정하였다. 이를 GC/FID를 이용하여 정량분석하여 동지역의 휘발성유기화합물의 오염 분포를 나타내었다. 지역별로 오염 분포를 살펴본 결과 공단의 영향과 교통의 영향이 복합적으로 나타나는 지점의 농도가 전반적으로 높게 검출되었으며, 주택지 또는 주택인근지역의 농도가 상대적으로 낮게 검출되었다.