• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제34권11호
• /
• pp.720-728
• /
• 2012

강우시 상당 부분의 비점오염물질은 입자성물질에 흡착된 형태로 유출되기 때문에 비점오염물질의 유출 거동을 보다 정확하게 이해하기 위해서는 입자성물질과의 상관성을 정량적으로 파악하는 것이 중요하다. 그러나 강우시 오염물질별 유출특성과 입도분포와의 상관성에 대한 연구사례는 매우 부족한 실정으로, 특히 도시화가 진전되지 않은 비시가화지역을 대상으로 한 국내 연구는 보고된 예가 거의 없다. 본 연구에서는 논, 밭 및 임야 등으로 구성된 소규모 비시가화지역(유역면적 52.8 ha)을 선정하여 다양한 규모의 강우사상별 유출특성을 조사하고, 오염물질의 유출특성과 입자성물질의 거동 사이의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 또한, 비점오염물질의 유출에 미치는 입자성물질의 영향에 대하여 정량적인 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 중소규모 강우에서도 초기유출현상이 관찰되었으며, 입자성물질이 영양염류 및 중금속의 유출과정에 큰 기여를 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, $BOD_5$와 TOC의 유기물항목, TN과 TP의 영양염류, Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg 및 Zn의 중금속항목 등이 SS (total), VSS, SS (d < $20{\mu}m$) 및 SS ($20{\mu}m$ $$\leq_-$$ d < $80{\mu}m$)와 높은 상관성을 보여 입자성물질과 유사한 유출거동을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, $COD_{cr}$, Cd, Mn 및 Pb는 입자성물질의 유출거동과 뚜렷한 상관성을 보이지 않았다. 비시가화지역에서 비점오염물질의 유출과정은 입자성물질의 거동과 상관성이 높을 뿐만 아니라 처리대상물질에 따라서도 상이한 특성을 갖는다는 점을 고려한 비점오염 저감시설의 도입이 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.238-246
• /
• 2012

Organic matters budget in Lake Hoengseong were monthly investigated from April 2009 to November 2009. The intense rainfall occurred at between July and August and the hydrological factors were highly varied during the rainfall season. By the concentrated rainfall, the elevation, influx and efflux were sharply increased and the turbid water was also flowed into the middle water column in Lake. The inflow of turbid water increased the nutrient concentrations in water body and this appears to stimulate of phytoplankton regard as the primary productivity of influx of organic matter. Monthly average concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was generally higher than the particulate organic carbon (POC) concentration in Lake, but Temporal and spatial variation of POC concentration was higher than DOC and the maximum POC concentration was recorded in surface water in August, had the highest phytoplankton biomass. Organic carbon concentration in inflow site was rarely changed during the dry season, but the concentration was rapidly increased by the initial intense rainfall. In organic matters budget, the most of the organic matters was inflowed from the inflow site at rainfall season. Especially, the influx of allochthonous organic matters during the intense rainfall was 72.4% in the total influx organic matters.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.70-76
• /
• 2012

본 논문에서는 디젤 승용차량에서 매연저감장치 손상에 기인한 차량화재에 대하여 기술하였다. 디젤 차량에서는 배출가스에 포함되는 입자상 물질을 저감하기 위하여 매연저감장치를 배기계통에 설치하고 있다. 매연저감장치는 입자상 물질의 과다 포집, 재상과정에서의 오류 및 흡기계통 불량 등에 의해 재생과정에서 파손에 이르게 되며, 매연저감장치가 파손되는 경우, 고온의 배출가스가 분출되고, 차량 하부 배기계통의 주변 가연물을 통해 화재로 진전된다. 매연저감장치 손상에 의해 화재가 발생되는 경우, 배기계통 배관 및 머플러 부분에 규산염계 무기화합물이 부착되는 특징을 나타내며, 이 규산염계 무기화합물은 매연저감장치 내부 필터 재료인 세라믹 부분이 손상되는 과정에서 발생된다. 따라서 화재가 발생된 디젤 차량의 경우, 머플러 주변에서 규산염계 무기화합물이 식별되는 경우, 매연저감장치 손상에 기인한 화재로 추정할 수 있다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.254-261
• /
• 2006

In activity areas of subway workers and passengers in Seoul metropolitan subway lines 1-4, mein concentrations of airborne bacteria were relatively higher in workers' bedroom and station precinct whereas concentrations of particulate matters, $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$, were relatively higher in platform, inside train and driver's seat as compared with other activity areas. This result indicates that little correlation between airborne bacteria and particulate matters was found, which assumed that most airborne particulate matters distributed in subway consisted of mainly inorganic dust like a metal particles. Mean concentrations of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ in station precinct and platform exceeded the threshold limit value ($PM_{10}:150{\mu}g/m^3,\;PM_{2.5}:65{\mu}g/m^3$) but those in station office and ticket office were below it. The genera identified in all the activity areas of subway over 5% detection rate were Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Bacillus and Corynebacterium, of which Staphylococcus and Micrococcus covered over 50% of total airborne bacteria and were considered as predominant genera distributed in subway.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.114-120
• /
• 2008

Recently, the nano-PM's number concentration emitted by diesel internal combustion engine has focused on attention because this particulate matters are suspected being hazardous of human health. In this study, The nano-PM mass and size of diesel passenger vehicles were measured on chassis dynamometer test bench. The particulate matters(PM) emissions of these vehicles were investigated by number concentration too. A condensation particle counter(CPC) system was applied to measure the particle number and size concentration of diesel exhaust particles at the end of dilution tunnel along the NEDC(ECE15+EUDC) and CVS-75 vehicle test mode. As the research result, the characteristic of vehicle test mode on the diesel nano-particle number and size distribution was investigated in this study.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.285-296
• /
• 1997

The suspended particulate matters had been collected on quartz fiber fiters by a cascade impactor having 9 size stages for 4 years (Sep. 1991 to Dec. 1995) in Kyung Hee University-Suwon Campus. Membrane filters were used to collected the particulate matters on each stage. The weight concentration on each stage was obtained by a microbalance and further chemical element levels were determined by an x-ray fluorescence system. Based on these chemical information, our study focused on applying the target transformation factor analysis (TTFA), a receptor model, to identify aerosol sources and to apportion quantitatively their mass contribution. There are total of 63 ambient data sets. Each data set consists of the 8 size-ranged subdata sets characterized by 16 elemental variables. By the results, four to five sources were extracted from each size range and some sources reappeared in other size ranges. Then total of 8 source profiles were statistically generated from all the ranges, such as oil burning source, soil source, field burning source, gasoline related source, coal burning source, marine source, glass related source, and unknown sources. Apportioning aerosol mass to each source was intensively examined by investigating emission inventories near the study area. The results showed that soil particle source was the most significant contributor. However, coal and oil burning sources were the major anthropogenic ones. The study finally proposed some air quality control strategies to achieve the clean air quality in Suwon area.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.371-380
• /
• 2015

Particulate matters in a water distribution system are main causes of turbidity and discoloration of tap water. They could be removed by conventional or uni-directional flushing in a water distribution system. The behaviors and required flow velocity of particles are not well known for their flushing. A model water main and hydrant were made from transparent acrylic pipe of 30mm and 16mm in diameter, respectively. We analyzed the effect of flushing velocity, particle density, and particle diameter. We found that the existence of break-though velocities at which particles begin to be removed, and which are affected by their physical properties. The removal efficiencies seemed to be influenced by resuspension capabilities related to their upward movement from the bottom. Heavy particles like scale were hard to remove through upflow hydrant because the falling velocity, calculated using Stokes' law, was higher. Particle removal efficiencies of upward hydrant and downward drain showed minor differences. Additionally, the length between hydrant and control valve affected flushing efficiency because the particulate matters were trapped in this space by inertia and recirculating flow.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.315-321
• /
• 2009

Under-fired charbroiling cooking processes are known as important contributors of particulate matter (PM). In this study, we characterized the emission of particulate matters from under-fired charbroiling cooking processes using the hood method. Accumulated mass concentration of $PM_{10}$ was 92.2~99.5% and particle size of 2.0~2.5 ${\mu}m$ was highest. The concentration of PM increased very sharply at the beginning of charbroiling meats and then gradually decreased as the charbroiling continued. PM concentration also increased very sharply when gravy from meat spilled onto the frame of fire. However, mass concentration during charbroiling using only charcoals was very low compared to that of meats. We estimated the emission factors of charcoal, pork belly and pork shoulder respectively; 0.01~0.02 g/kg, 5.02~6.26 g/kg, 2.86~4.15 g/kg of $PM_{2.5}$, 0.01~0.03 g/kg, 7.44~7.91 g/kg, 4.54~5.56 g/kg of $PM_{10}$, and 0.02~0.05 g/kg, 7.59~7.95 g/kg, 4.93~5.68 g/kg of TSP. The emission factors of charcoal were negligible and the emission factors of pork belly were higher than that of pork shoulder. Emission rates of particulate matters from under-fired charbroiling cooking process were estimated as 578,009~1,265,152 kg/yr of $PM_{2.5}$, 917,539~1,598,619 kg/yr of $PM_{10}$ and 996.358~1,606,703 kg/yr of TSP. But emission factors should be verified with an in-stack cascade impactor because the reported method involves some assumptions.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국연소학회 2013년도 제46회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
• /
• pp.29-31
• /
• 2013

In this study, the characteristics of particulate matters (PM) from diesel and biodiesel fuel combustion was experimentally investigated. The experiment was performed in a single cylinder common-rail compression ignition engine. The fuels were injected at -5 CAD (Crank angle degree) ATDC (After top dead center) with 80 MPa injection pressure. Size distribution of PM was measured by scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and morphology of PM was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). PM from biodiesel shows lower emission level and smaller primary particles.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.212-221
• /
• 2004

Concentrations of suspended particulate matters (SPM) and their distribution patterns were monitored three times in the East China Sea during the winter season in 1998 and 1999. SPM concentrations showed significant temporal variations controlled by the atmospheric conditions and sea states. In coastal area, SPM values were about 10-20 mg/l in fair weather conditions, but exceeded 100mg/l during the storm periods. Turbid waters were distributed widespread in the continental shelf of the East China Sea and the coastal area of the Korean Peninsula, and these two areas were connected along a NE-SW direction. The distribution patterns of turbid waters were interpreted as representing the transport behavior of suspended matter. Although the primary source of inner shelf mud deposits of Korea seems to be the Korean Peninsula, contribution from the East China Sea to the coastal area of Korea increases especially during the winter season.