• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2019

최근의 기후변화는 산지가 많은 우리나라에서 토석류를 발생시켜 하류에 많은 재난을 야기하였다. 산지에서 발생한 토석류는 퇴적과 침식을 반복하며 하류로 이동하고, 유동화된 토사-물 혼합물 형태로 나타난다. 이처럼 강한 운동성의 토석류를 해석하기 위하여 연속방정식 및 운동량 방정식을 적용하였고, 퇴적 및 침식에 관한 속도식은 세립사가 포한된 수정형을 적용하였다. 본 연구는 산지 상류부에서 발생 가능한 퇴적토사량의 변화에 대한 하류부에서의 토석류 거동을 분석한 것이다. 조립토사의 포설 길이 변화에 따른 수로 하류단에서 토사체적농도를 분석해 보면, 공급유량이 많고 포설길이가 길수록 토사농도의 고저차가 크게 나타났고, 변곡점 발생 시점도 빨라진 것을 알 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 급경사의 비탈사면에서의 침식 및 퇴적 가능 여부를 알 수 있는 침식-퇴적 속도를 판단하여 토석류 재해에 대한 대책을 세우는 데 좋은 정보를 제공할 것이다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.385-390
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• 2017

응집 침전기술인 방사능 오염물질의 처리장치의 용존성 Cs 처리특성을 평가하였다. 방사능 오염물질 처리장치는 전흡착부, 고형물침전부, 후흡착부로 구성하였다. 흡착제는 천연광물 일라이트를 입자크기에 따라 LPI (Large Particle Illite), SPI (Small Particle Illite)로 구분하여 사용하였고, 응집제는 고염기도 PAC (poly aluminum chloride)을 사용하였다. 흡착제는 판상구조형태로 주로 석영, 조장석, 백운모로 구성되었으며, LPI, SPI의 Surface area는 각각 $4.201m^2/g$, $4.227m^2/g$으로 나타났고 입자크기는 각각 $197.4-840.9{\mu}m$, $3.28-53.57{\mu}m$로 나타났다. 천연광물인 일라이트의 흡착효율은 LPI는 82.8%, SPI는 85.6%로 나타났고 흡착제 회수에 대한 간접적인 지표인 탁도의 제거율은 96.4%, 98.3%로 나타났다.

• 분석과학
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2015

CdS 양자점 입자는 특정 파장의 빛을 방출하는 반도체 나노 결정으로 이러한 광학적 특성 때문에 질병 진단 시약, 광학기술, 미디어 산업 및 태양전지와 같은 다양한 분야에서 응용되는 물질이다. 방출하는 빛의 색은 입자의 크기에 의존하기 때문에 CdS 양자점 입자의 크기 및 크기분포를 정확하게 분석하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 CdS 양자점 입자를 감마-선 조사법(${\gamma}$-ray irradiation method)을 이용하여 합성하고, 크기 및 크기 분포도를 결정하기 위하여 침강 장-흐름 분획법 (SdFFF)를 이용하였다. 침강 장-흐름 분획법을 이용한 CdS 양자점 입자의 정확한 분석을 위하여 분석조건의 최적화(유속, 외부장 세기, field-programming)에 대하여 조사되었다. 투과 전자 현미경(transmission electron microscopy, TEM)으로 확인된 단일 입자의 크기는 ~4 nm 였으며, 단일 입자의 응집으로 생성된 2차 입자 크기의 평균은 159 nm로 확인되었다. 첨가된 입자 안정제의 농도가 증가할수록 CdS 양자점 입자의 크기가 감소하는 경향성을 확인하였다. 침강 장-흐름 분획법, 투과 전자 현미경, 그리고 동적 광 산란법(dynamic light scattering, DLS)으로 결정된 CdS 양자점 크기는 각각 126, 159, 그리고 152 nm 였다. 본 연구의 결과로 침강 장-흐름 분획법은 비교적 넓은 크기분포를 갖는 다양한 종류의 무기입자의 크기 및 크기 분포도를 결정하는데 유용한 방법임을 확인하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.159-170
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• 2021

Particle size of tailings in different areas of dams varies due to sedimentation and separation. Saturated hydraulic conductivity of high-stacked talings materials are seriously affected by void ratio and particle breakage. Conjoined consolidation permeability tests were carried out using a self-developed high-stress permeability and consolidation apparatus. The hydraulic conductivity decreases nonlinearly with the increase of consolidation pressure. The seepage pattern of coarse-particle tailings is channel flow, and the seepage pattern of fine-particle tailings is scattered flow. The change rate of hydraulic conductivity of tailings with different particle sizes under high consolidation pressure tends to be identical. A hydraulic conductivity hysteresis is found in coarse-particle tailings. The hydraulic conductivity hysteresis is more obvious when the water head is lower. A new hydraulic conductivity-void ratio equation was derived by introducing the concept of effective void ratio and breakage index. The equation integrated the hydraulic conductivity equation with different particle sizes over a wide range of consolidation pressures.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2024

Al₂O₃ has excellent sintering properties and is important in semiconductor manufacturing processes that require high-temperature resistance and chemical inertness in a plasma environment. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of the chemical characteristics, physical properties, crystal structure, and dispersion stability of three commercially available Al₂O₃ powders was conducted. The aim was to provide a technological foundation for selecting and utilizing appropriate Al₂O₃ powders in practical applications. All powders exhibited α-Al₂O₃ as the main phase, with the presence of beta-phase Na₂O-11Al₂O₃ as the secondary phase. The highest Na⁺ ion leaching was observed in the aqueous slurry state due to the presence of the secondary phase. Although the average particle size difference among the three powders was not significant, distinct differences in particle size distribution were observed. ALG-1SH showed a broad particle size distribution, P162 exhibited a bimodal distribution, and AES-11 displayed a uniform unimodal distribution. High-concentration Al₂O₃ slurries showed differences in viscosity due to ion release when no dispersant was added, affecting the electrical double-layer thickness. Polycarboxylate was found to effectively enhance the dispersion stability of all three powders. In the dispersion stability analysis, ALG-1SH exhibited the slowest sedimentation tendency, as evidenced by the low TSI value, while P162 showed faster precipitation, influenced by the particle size distribution.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.75-90
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• 2023

Turbulent wind flow over hilly terrains has been extensively investigated in the scientific literature and main findings have been included in technical standards. In particular, turbulent wind flow over nominally two-dimensional hills is often adopted as a benchmark to investigate wind turbine siting, estimate wind loading, and dispersion of particles transported by the wind, such as atmospheric pollutants, wind-driven rain, windblown snow. Windblown sand transport affects human-built structures and natural ecosystems in sandy desert and coastal regions, such as transport infrastructures and coastal sand dunes. Windblown sand transport taking place around any kind of obstacle is rarely in equilibrium conditions. As a result, the modelling of windblown sand transport over complex orographies is fundamental, even if seldomly investigated. In this study, the authors present a wind-sand tunnel test campaign carried out on a nominally two-dimensional sinusoidal hill. A first test is carried out on a flat sand fetch without any obstacle to assess sand transport in open field conditions. Then, a second test is carried out on the hill model to assess the sand flux overcoming the hill and the morphodynamic evolution of the sand sedimenting over its upwind slope. Finally, obtained results are condensed into a dimensionless parameter describing its sedimentation capability and compared with values resulting from other nominally two-dimensional obstacles from the literature.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.2315-2328
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• 1993

The turbulence effect of particle deposition on a horizontal free-standing wafer in a vertical flow has been studied numerically by using the low-Reynolds-number k-.epsilon. turbulence model. For both the upper and lower surfaces of the wafer, predictions are made of the averaged particle deposition velocity and its radial distribution. Thus, it is now possible to obtain local information about the particle deposition on a free-standing wafer. The present result indicates that the particle deposition velocity on the lower surface of wafer is comparable to that on the upper one in the diffusion controlled deposition region in which the particle sizes are smaller than $0.1{\mu}m$. And it is found in this region that, compared to the laminar flow case, the averaged deposition velocity under the turbulent flow is about two times higher, and also that the local deposition velocity at the center of wafer is high equivalent to that the wafer edge.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2002년도 학술발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.3-16
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• 2002

This article describes some of the recent and on-going research developments of the author at Colorado State University. Advances in the field of sedimentation and river mechanics include basic research and computer modeling on several topics. Only a few selected topics are considered here: (1) analytical determination of velocity profiles, shear stress and sediment concentration profiles in smooth open channels; (2) experiments on bedload particle velocity in smooth and rough channels; (3) field measurements of sediment transport by size fractions in curved flumes. In terms of computer modeling, significant advances have been achieved in: (1) flashflood simulation with raster-based GIOS and radar precipitation data; and (2) physically-based computer modeling of sediment transport at the watershed scale with CASC2D-SED. Field applications, measurements and analysis of hydraulic geometry and sediment transport has been applied to: (1) gravel-bed transport measurements in a cobble-bed stream at Little Granite Creek, Wyoming; (2) sand and gravel transport by size fraction in the sharp meander bends of Fall River, Colorado; (3) changes in sand dune geometry and resistance to flow during major floods of the Rhine River in the Netherlands; (4) changes in hydraulic geometry of the Rio Grande downstream of Cochiti Dam, New Mexico; and (5) analysis of the influence of water temperature and the Coriolis force on flow velocity and sediment transport of the Lower Mississippi River in Louisiana. Recent developments also include two textbooks on "Erosion and Sedimentation" and "River Mechanics" by the author and state-of-the-art papers in the ASCE Journal of Hydraulic Engineering.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.1147-1157
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• 2009

Recently this country has carried out the coast reclamation centering on the west and south coast for effective practical use of a country, considering purchase of materials and environmental problem, and carrying into effort the reclamation method after dredging the ground in the ocean. In this large scale ocean dredging reclaiming work, prediction the ground subsidence after reclaiming is very important for not only expense lose by overestimation or underestimation but also hereafter the best suited project establishment. this study carries out sedimentation and self weight consolidation in each cases and searches the features to analyze effect on kinds of soil of ground before dredging, abandonment height when it abandons momentary, void ratio, difference of abandonment height when it abandons by stages and difference of particle content of spoil.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.295-302
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• 2006

Over the past decades, a flocculation and/or sedimentation process have been adopted to remove pollutants from CSOs. It has been learned that major factors affecting settlement of pollutants are the particle size distribution, their settling velocities and their specific gravity. It is, therefore, a good idea to analyze the particle size distribution and settleability of CSOs pollutants in order to develop details in designing a process. Discussed in this study are pollutant characteristics of CSOs such as particle size distribution and settleability of pollutants. The power law function is applied and is found to be an effective and reliable index for expressing the particle size distribution of pollutants in CSOs. Based on the regression analysis it is observed that the derived constants of curves representing settling velocity profile are proportional to the initial concentration of particles and to the ${\beta}$-values of power law distributions.