• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.7-41
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• 2018

The projects of citizen science which is originated from citizen data collecting action driven by governmental institutes and science associations have been implemented with different form of collaboration with scientists. The themes of citizen science has extended from the ecology to astronomy, distributed computing, and particle physics. Citizen science could contribute to the advancement of science through cost-effective science research based on citizen volunteer data collecting. In addition, citizen science enhance the public understanding of science by increasing knowledge of citizen participants. The community-led citizen science projects could raise public awareness of environmental problems and promote the participation in environmental problem-solving. Citizen science projects based on local tacit knowledge can be of benefit to the local environmental policy decision making and implementation of policy. These social values of citizen science make many countries develop promoting policies of citizen science. The korean government also has introduced some citizen science projects. However there are some obstacles, such as low participation of citizen and scientists in projects which the government has to overcome in order to promote citizen science. It is important that scientists could recognize values of citizen science through the successful government driven citizen science projects and the evaluation tool of scientific career could be modified in order to promote scientist's participation. The project management should be well planned to intensify citizen participation. The government should prepare open data policy which could support a data reliability of the community-led monitoring projects. It is also desirable that a citizen science network could be made with the purpose of sharing best practices of citizen science.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.378-390
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate what are objects in environmental education and to develop the teaching model for environmental education. The major objects of environmental education is how to teach students who not only take knowledge/skill, but also change their behavior with responsibility for environment. In order to change students' behaviors for environment, Hungerford recommended that teachers have teaching strategies with recognition, evaluation, and adaptation. Also, McCarthy developed teaching model to engage immediate personal meaning, to raise intellectual awareness of a concept, to enhance skills that students can use in their lives, and to foster personal adaptations. Based on the Hungerford's teaching strategies, and Mccarthy's 4MAT system, a teaching model is developed to encourage thinking skill, problem-solving ability, interesting, and participation in the class. The basic steps of the teaching model in this study are experience/recognition, knowledge/skill, evaluation, and adaptation/new experience and 8 sub-steps for instructional methodologies are developed to match of all students' learning style types in a classroom. This model will make it possible to raise the efficiency of instruction, and contribute to changing students who have responsibilities for their environmental behaviors. This model will be supplemented in schools, and applied to developing other instructional issues.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 2009

Consumer education which changes human value and attitude to attain practice is necessary to solve the problem of environmental, social, and economical sustainability resulted from material and present-oriented consumption and decrease the effect of consumption on the sustainabilities. However, since the present consumer education is biased toward a traditional viewpoint of economical consumption, management of allowances, and rational purchase and its teaching method still stays on memorizing, cramming and one sided lecture, consumer education containing a key value of sustainable development have not been carried out successfully, Specifically, the consumer education in an elementary school treats mainly just on environmental conservation and economical knowledge even though quite much time is arranged in every school year. So, complement of contents such as understanding of relation between natural resources and consumption and the role and responsibility of a consumer is required to emphasis the sustainable development. In this work, a student-oriented educational drama programme for consumer education is developed with respect to an familiar theme of resources such as water, wood, food, and electricity. Educational drama is an efficient teaching method for consumer education of an elementary school student since it makes students experience virtual situation and produce an interest and active participation. How to execute consumer education in an elementary school textbook was analyzed and an educational drama programme was developed and applied, and finally, the programme was qualitatively improved. The paper survey on five teachers practicing the present programme reveals that is it can be affirmatively evaluated since it is familiar to students and leads to their interests and participation. Consequently, it can be confirmed that the present programme can be effective to perform consumer education for sustainable development.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2007.10b
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• pp.54-59
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to study the development of city parks in Japan since the 1970's. The result of investigation is as follows; (1) Regarding research of city parks since 1970, applying the qualification theory III, The researches of the park were divided into the categories as follows; ( i ) children's playground, (ii) the spatial function of green tracts of land, (iii) the evaluation of actual use viewpoint , (iv) the historical viewpoint, ( v ) the natural environment protection viewpoint, and (vi) the social capital, citizen's participation and park management viewpoint. (2) the researches of the actual use viewpoints are increasing. This trend shows that the research viewpoints have been shifted from the individual using to the various subjects of using. (3) The researches of the historical viewpoint, researches focusing on Asia are increasing. This trend shows that the research viewpoints have been shifted to the relationship between the planning and the realization. (4) The research on the natural environmental protection viewpoints has seen a large expansion from the evaluation of forest in parks. (5) The social capital, citizen's participation and park management viewpoint were increased, as well as community development and the spreading effect.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.304-316
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• 2021

Objectives: By comparing and analyzing the legal system for risk assessment in South Korea with other advanced countries, the study is designed to identify the key elements of risk assessment and seek improvement measures while focusing on solutions to the execution of risk assessment violations. Methods: The study started with an awareness of the need to improve the legislation on the risk assessment of businesses in Korea. In order to reflect this problem consciousness in Korea's industrial safety and health legislation, risk assessment legislation in Japan, Britain, Germany, and Korea was analyzed in comparative terms through the literature. Results: Unlike the other advanced countries, the concept of risk assessment is defined in Korea in a broad sense that includes measures to reduce risk, and risk assessment in the manufacturing and design stages is not institutionalized. In the case of worker participation, there is a problem regarding effectiveness. It is problematic that compared to the other foreign countries there is a possibility that general risk assessment will be neutralized because it is recognized as a uniform general risk assessment for a particular risk assessment, as well as inadequate risk assessment. Conclusions: The areas diagnosed with problems compared to the legislation in other advanced countries should be improved by revising laws and administrative rules and supplementing the explanatory guidelines, etc. by referring to the legislation of these countries. In particular, the issue of enforcement for violations of risk assessment must be improved in order to ensure the effectiveness of risk assessment.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2020

This study starts from the awareness of the problem that consumers are isolated from the standing spray product planning, and thus suggests effective designs and methods to the new standing spray design process. The ultimate purpose of this study is to suggest practicable new standing spray design outputs. Service design is based on customer experience, and thus it is intangible, process-centered and based on various relations. Applying the service design to the development of new standing spray designs has the following significance. (1) Service design is an effective method for maximizing customer-centered experience. The customer-centered method of service design promotes practicability of new standing spray design. (2) Service design solves various problems by mediating opinions among various stakeholders. Effective and practicable solutions could not be found for new standing spray design despite various efforts that had been made for a long time. Since each step of the process is approached separately, it is necessary to take an overview of the whole process like service design. (3) Service design lays stress on process in which stakeholders participate. Participation and collaboration among stakeholders in the new standing spray design process will improve their satisfaction and enthusiasm to implement the new system.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.79-89
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• 1986

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data in solving the environmental problem and in environmental education to University-students by searching the consciousness of Universitystudents' attitude toward and general views on the environmental protection. Out of total of 34 universities located in Seoul I randomly selected 11 universities and I again selected 700 university-students to answer my questionnaires. After that the questionnaires were added up by using computer. The major findings of this study are as follows 1. Regarding the overall conditions of the environmental pollution in our country, 91.1% of respondents marked "serious". 2. In suffering from Air pollution, 38.9% of respondents frequently suffered and 36.1% of them always suffered. Only 25.0% of total respondents represented their dislike about so-called "pollution-giving industries", which they do not wish to introduce for the sake of environmental protection. 3. In the source of information concerning the environment, 48.3% of them from the Television, 34.9% them from the newspaper. 4. In the attitude toward the participation for environmental protection, 28.0% of respondents expressed spontaneous attitude. 79.1% of total respondents have the basic desire to establish anti-pollution facilities and only 9.1% of total respondents have replied the ultimate responsibilities of enviironmental pollution. 5. Finally, only 13.3% of total respondents expressed their opinion that hte government officials willingly comply with students' request for better environmental protection and reflect them on their basic policies, and 32.1% of them said that the concerned government officials' attitude were positove and friendly toward the civilians, and 30.6% of them expressed their opinion that those concerned government officals ate holding professional and technicals know-which are necessaty and enough to the concerned field.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.453-464
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• 2023

To this day, conflicts have intensified between managers who want to preserve biosphere reserves and citizen who want to develop them. Based on this problem, this study seeks to investigate the establishment of a forum for communication between various stakeholders and to promote the economic development of local communities while preserving biodiversity. First, in terms of conservation, the results indicated that Gyeonggi Province and Namyangju City highly valued direct conservation activities in biosphere reserves, whereas Pocheon and Uijeongbu City highly valued indirect conservation functions through management or monitoring. Second, in terms of development, it was found that there were differences in the roles, perceptions and responsibilities with respect to biosphere reserves among the different layers of government: the central government agency, the Cultural Heritage Administration, the metropolitan government, Gyeonggi-do, and the local governments, Pocheon, Namyangju, and Uijeongbu. Third, in terms of logistical support, which serves as a function for communication and practical participation among management entities, the results suggested that it was necessary to establish a comprehensive decision-making organization for efficient management and operation and to provide opportunities for active participation. The study can be utilized as a basic reference for developing efficient communication by management entities in protected areas with similar challenges.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.137-146
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• 2011

In this research, food waste source reduction model for apartment was investigated. In spite of prohibition of direct landfill of food waste and continuous efforts made by government and local government, food waste production increases steadily. Recycling ratio of the food waste increases every year, but its products have many problems like low quality, stability, salt, odor etc. Household occupies 63.3% of whole food waste production and this is subject to be a key factor to control food waste. We surveyed S apartment in Kwangju city as a model case, in which administrative office and women's association adopted clean plate eating, separation of raw food waste and earth worm composting as a series of method for source reduction and recycling inside the apartment. With the help of residents' participation and practice, food waste production decreased 15.6% from 0.31 g/capita/day in 2007 to 0.26 g/capita/day in 2009 (domestic average 0.30 g/capita/day). Separation of raw food waste and its composting using earth worm were very effective, and were subject to resolve the problems of present food waste treatment technologies. And earth worm composting was very useful in environmental, economical, societal and educational aspects. Instead of economical incentive, educational programs about food value, environmental problem and critical method for food waste separation were more effective for promotion of source reduction. From the analyses on the process and success factors in this model, we could conclude that leader's role was one of the key factors for the settlement of source reduction, and that was to understand the seriousness of the food waste and to seek solution, to test techniques, and to practice by oneself. Furthermore, networking and collaboration among residents, local government, NGO and local press promoted residents' participation, and it was through various education and investigation. Finally, source reduction and self recycling model of food waste in the apartment, that applies separating raw food waste and earth worm composting based on the collaboration among residents, local government, NGO, and local press, should be disseminated, and environmental policy also should be changed to make it possible.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.89-114
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• 2011

Environmental disputes not only possess the special characteristics of collectivity and plural value relativity but it also possesses the unique features of difficulty to prove cause and effect as well as the structural maldistribution of evidence and information. Therefore, the positive resolution of an environmental dispute can be brought about more easily with the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) which can take the form of talks, compromises, as well as arbitration or mediation rather than through a trial process. Such being the case, this paper first looks into the problems and effectiveness of the arbitration system of environmental lawsuits and then takes an even closer look at Korea's environmental dispute arbitration system and finally offer some reform methods. In Korea, the environmental dispute arbitration system was implemented in 1991 and has been executed since then. Although this system does have positive features such as the high rate of coming to an agreement between the involved parties but unfortunately, most of the cases rely on decisions based on right and wrong which cannot but be far away from the intentions of the ADR system. It is heavily centered around claims regarding psychological compensation regarding noise and vibrations and the ratio of the actual amount of compensation is comparatively lower than the requested amount. In addition, with the limits in organization and manpower, it leads to a lack of professionalism as well as the problem of low usage with the low awareness rate. As reform measures against the aforementioned problems, this paper suggests the following. First, in order to activate the arbitration process more fully, it proposes aggressive usage of compulsory arbitration as well as submission to arbitration, while at the same time raising ADR professionals to fill in the missing gaps. Secondly, in order to overcome the problem of concentration of related cases, making representative lawsuits of environmental organizations would be a good idea. It also states that in order to make the compensation amount more realistic, it should go out of the across-the-board decision making process and reach a decision about the compensation amount that takes the individual situation's dispute into consideration. In order to boost the professionalism of the environmental dispute arbitration, it is necessary to reform the organization and manpower such as expanding the number of members of full standing, and increasing the professionalism of the examiners. Also, to increase the usage rate of the ADR system, the paper suggests stationing a civilian consultant regarding environment, or activating the compulsory arbitration which is the premise for public participation on the part of the residents.