• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.6-11
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• 2018

Purpose: The diagnosis of pelvic fractures pattern has become to be essential in the decision making of treatment modality and reducing morbidity and mortality in multiple trauma patients. Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) disruption can cause life-threatening massive arterial bleeding. This study aimed to determine a method of predicting the prognosis and treatment direction with pelvis X-ray alone in the emergency room. We investigated whether SIJ disruption can be used alone as a poor prognostic factor. Methods: We analyzed the medical records and radiologic examination results of 167 patients with pelvic fractures from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016 retrospectively. Patients with pathologic fractures, thoraco-abdominal bleeding, and acetabulum fractures and pediatric patients (n=63) were excluded. Factors related to the clinical manifestations and treatments, such as transfusion and surgery, were statistically compared. Results: The cross-sectional analysis showed that there was no correlation between SIJ injury and sex; there were statistically significant relationships between occurrences of shock, conjoined fractures, transfusion, and surgeries. The hospitalization period and partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time values increased. The logistic regression analysis showed that when an SIJ injury occurred, blood transfusion and hypotension possibilities increased. Conclusions: When pelvic fractures occur near the SIJ, blood transfusion and shock possibilities increase. Physicians must be aware of the high severity and poor prognosis of such fractures when these are diagnosed in the emergency room. And furthermore, the physician has to predict and prepare the intensive care and multidisciplinary approaches.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2006

Anticoagulant activities of a fermented edible brown alga, Laminaria ochotensis was investigated. L. ochotensis was fermented with 15% sugar (w/v) at $25^{\circ}C$ for 10 weeks. Anticoagulant activity was measured from the supernatant of algal mixture at biweekly intervals up to $10^{th}$ week by activated partial thromboplastin (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT) assay using citrated human plasma. Sample having high APTT activity $(6^{th}\;week)$ was filtered, ethanol precipitated and freeze-dried. The polysaccharide compound having anticoagulant activity was purified by DEAE ion exchange chromatography followed by Sepharose-4B gel filtration chromatography. Anticoagulant activity, polysaccharide concentration, and heparin like activity were determined for the collected fractions by APTT, $phenol-H_2SO_4$, and glycosaminoglycan assay, respectively. The anticoagulant activity assay showed that the activity was increased up to $6^{th}$ week, and decreased thereafter. The concentration of our purified compound was $31.0{\mu}g/ml$ and showed higher APTT activity than commercial heparin. At the same concentration of $31.0{\mu}g/ml$, the heparin showed 186.5 sec activity while our purified compound showed an activity of 386 sec. Single spot on agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the compound was purified and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) results revealed that the molecular mass of the purified polysaccharide compound was between 60 and 500 kDa. Therapeutic interest of the algal polysaccharide as an anticoagulant has recently been in highlighted. This purified anticoagulant compound from fermented L. ochotensis can be used as a model for anticoagulant agent or could be developed as an anticoagulant agent. This study can be extended to identify the structure and chemical composition of the purified polysaccharide, and to establish a relationship between structure and the function of the identified anticoagulant compounds.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.862-871
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• 1995

This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of ginseng intakes in modifying serum lipid profiles and plasma clotting factors. The participants in this study were 47 normal healthy volunteers(men 24, women 23) with an age range of 35-49 years and a mean age of 41 years residing in Taejon. Based on the diet intakes, subjects were classed into one of three groups : control, vegetarian, and ginseng consumed over 3-4 years. There was no significant difference in their physical characteristics. Dietary calorie intakes were not significantly different in subjects. The ratio of energy intake in the control and ginseng consumed group was 63-64% : 20-21% : 15-16%(Cho : Fat : Pro), but 70-73% : 13-14% :14-15%(Cho : Fat : Pro) in the vegetarians. The intakes of animal food in the vegetarian was significantly lower than the control and ginseng consumed group in men. The ratio of P/S(1.27) was the highest in the vegetarians. Venous blood samples were taken for serum lipid profiling, plasma clotting assay and platelet function. The concentration of serum triglyceride in the men ginseng group is significantly lower than those of the men control group. Serum lipid profiles values of the men ginseng group, such as total cholesterol and phospholipid were lower those of the men control group, but higher those of the men vegetarian group. the serum lipid profile in the women were not significant, but total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL cholesterol levels in the ginseng groups were low. The concentration of HDL cholesterol was not significantly different. Platelet cell count and platelet aggregation were low in the ginseng groups. APTT(Activated Partial thromboplastin time) was significantly elongated in ginseng groups in the normal range. In seems that the major beneficial effects of ginseng intakes in especially men were on the blood concentrations of triglyceride, total cholesterol and elongation of plasma clotting time.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.219-224
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• 2001

Antiphospholipid syndrome is a thrombotic disorder characterized by the association of arterial and venous thrombosis with the antibodies directed toward phospholipids. The presence of these antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) has been shown to be related to several clinical and analytical alterations. We experienced one case of lupus nephritis with positive antiphospholipid antibodies in a 10-year-old girl whose chief complaint was persistent microscopic hematuria. We report this case with a brief review of related literatures. (J. Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2001 ;5 : 219-24)

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.156-160
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• 2007

We evaluated the newly developed plastic sodium citrate tubes for routine coagulation test by direct comparison with glass citrate theophylline adenosine dipyridamole (CTAD) tubes. Blood was drawn from 100 patients into glass CTAD tubes and plastic sodium citrate tubes. After collection, samples were centrifuged at 1500 ${\times}$g for 15 min at $22^{\circ}C$. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen were measured by using the Coagrex-800 (IRC, Japan). We used comparison plot by linear regression model and difference plot graphs to compare the results of the independent measurements of PT, aPTT, fibrinogen between glass CTAD tubes and plastic sodium citrate tubes. On the comparison study between glass CTAD tubes and plastic sodium citrate tubes, the correlation coefficients (R) were 0.99 for PT, 0.97 for aPTT and 0.97 for fibrinogen. This results implicated good correlation of each parameter between two tubes. Although the difference plot graph analysis showed statistically significant differences between glass and plastic tubes for PT, aPTT and fibrinogen, the range of difference was acceptable according to the CLSI/NCCLS guideline. The plastic sodium citrate tubes showed good correlation with the glass CTAD tubes, so it can substitute glass citrate tube for routine coagulation tests.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.83-87
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• 2007

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is known to potentially prevent arteriosclerosis and hypertension, but its effects on platelet function are not clear. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro antithrombotic activities of the edible plant extract. Methanol extract of S. miltiorrhiza Bunge exhibited about 70% fibrinolytic activity compared to the plasmin control, and inhibited ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner with $IC_{50}$ values of 0.42 and 0.07 mg/mL, respectively. S. miltiorrhiza Bunge extract significantly prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) compared with control. Moreover, 0.05 mg/mL S. miltiorrhiza Bunge extract contained 87.3% l,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity. In conclusion, S. miltiorrhiza Bunge seemed to enhance antithrombotic activity due to its radical scavenging activity. Based on these data, further examination is required to determine the mechanism of platelet-dependent antithrombosis and the effect of polyphenols on platelet function.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.124-132
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• 2011

Background: Antiplatelet agent administration is critical in managing coronary-artery disease, but there is a concern regarding operation-related bleeding and an increase in blood transfusion in such, especially when delivering combined antiplatelet agents. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the administration of antiplatelet agents on off-pump coronary-artery bypass surgery (OPCAB). Methods: From March 2003 to December 2009, 49 patients who had undergone OPCAB were collected retrospectively. The patients were divided into three groups according to the administration of antiplatelet agents before the OPCAB operation: 21 patients were given an aspirin agent (group 1), 19 patients were given combined agents (aspirin+clopidogrel) (group 2), and nine patients were not given any antiplatelet agent (group 3). The three groups' perioperative hematologic and coagulation profiles, including their platelet counts, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, prothrombin times, and aPTTs (activated partial thromboplastin times), and their postoperative bleeding, related complications, transfusion requirements, and operation times, were compared. Results: The operation time in group 2 was 4.3 hours, longer than those in the two other groups, and urgent operation was significantly most frequent in group 2 (63%). The amount of blood loss and the number of patients who received blood transfusion were not different in the three groups. The perioperative hemoglobin level, hematocrit, platelet count, prothrombin time, and aPTT were also not significantly different among the three groups. Conclusion: The continuous administration of antiplatelet agents to the patients in this study did not increase their postoperative bleeding or operation-related complications. Therefore, OPCAB may well be considered even if combined antiplatelet agents are being administered.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.82-88
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• 2007

From the EtOAc fraction of Eugenia caryophyllata, four compounds were isolated through activity-guided silica gel column chromatography, From the result of spectroscopic data including NMR, MS and IR, the chemical structures of the compounds were determined as 1-allyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybezene acetate (eugenol acetate, 1), 1-allyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybezene (eugenol, 2), $3{\beta}-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic$ acid (oleanolic acid, 3) and $2{\alpha}$, $3{\beta}-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic$ acid (maslinic acid, 4). Compounds 3 and 4 were isolated for the first time from this plant. Also, compounds 1, 2 and 3 exhibited relatively high platelet aggregation inhibitory activity with the $IC_{50}$ values of 0.24, 0.09 and 0.07 mM, respectively. Compound 2 significantly prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) with the value of $124{\pm}11.2$ seconds as compared to the control with the value of $37.5{\pm}2.2$ seconds at the concentration of 50 ${\mu}g/ml$. Compounds 1 and 3 revealed inhibitory activity on farnesyl protein transferase (FPTase) with the $IC_{50}$ values of 0.49 and 0.24 mM and compounds 1 and 2 highly inhibited the growth of rat-H-ras cells with the $Gl_{50}$ values of 6.63 and 5.70 ${\mu}M$, respectively.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.353-358
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• 2016

The generation and collection of cigarette smoke (CS) is a prerequisite for any toxicology study on smoking, especially an in vitro CS exposure study. In this study, the effects on blood and vascular function were tested with two widely used CS preparations to compare the biological effects of CS with respect to the CS preparation used. CS was prepared in the form of total particulate matter (TPM), which is CS trapped in a Cambridge filter pad, and cigarette smoke extract (CSE), which is CS trapped in phosphate-buffered saline. TPM potentiated platelet reactivity to thrombin and thus increased aggregation at a concentration of $25{\sim}100{\mu}g/mL$, whereas 2.5~10% CSE decreased platelet aggregation by thrombin. Both TPM and CSE inhibited vascular contraction by phenylephrine at $50{\sim}100{\mu}g/mL$ and 10%, respectively. TPM inhibited acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation at $10{\sim}100{\mu}g/mL$, but CSE exhibited a minimal effect on relaxation at the concentration that affects vasoconstriction. Neither TPM nor CSE induced hemolysis of erythrocytes or influenced plasma coagulation, as assessed by prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Taken together, CS affects platelet activity and deteriorates vasomotor functions in vitro. However, the effect on blood and blood vessels may vary depending on the CS preparation. Therefore, the results of experiments conducted with CS preparations should be interpreted with caution.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.475-478
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• 2007

A 4-year-old spayed female, Yorkshire terrier dog with a history of petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages on the face, trunk and hind limb was referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Cheju National University. The complete blood count revealed a marked thrombocytopenia ($96{\times}10^3/{\mu}l$). The biochemical profile showed only slightly increased glucose. The coagulation profile such as prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time, was within the reference range. In Giemsa staining, there were no endoparasites like as Babesia spp. on the RBC. This case was diagnosed as a idiopathic thrombocytopenia in a Yorkshire terrier dog. She was treated with prednisone (1 mg/kg BW, IM q 12 h) and cephalosporin (10 mg/kg BW, IM, q 12 h). When rechecked on day 6, the platelet was within reference range ($507{\times}10^3/{\mu}l$) and also petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages on the body were gradually improved without any complications. The dose of prednisone was decreased to 0.5 mg/kg BW, q 24 h. On day 17, we finished treatment because all the clinical signs, blood and serum chemistry were reference range and platelet count was dramatically increased.