• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.79-89
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• 2018

Purpose - This research aims to investigate the factors that influence consumer's overseas online shopping behavior. Consumers adopt overseas online shopping as a new buying way and more and more consumers prefer overseas online shopping than traditional shopping ways. Consumers' behaviors in this shopping experience can be different from other shopping experiences. With the increase of overseas online shopping, we need to find antecedents and results of overseas online shopping. Especially there would be positive or negative factors which influence overseas online shopping motivation. To find the relationship, this study examines self-efficacy and impulsivity as major factors which influence overseas online shopping. We also suggest that several attitude factors increase self-efficacy and it is positively related to customer satisfaction. On the other hand, we assume that overseas online shopping factors influence impulsivity of buying and it will decrease customer satisfaction. Research design, data, and methodology - This empirical study data were collected from Korean people who experience overseas online shopping. The subjects for this study were confined to shoppers who used overseas online shopping within the past six months. A total of 267 responses were gathered. SPSS 23.0, PLS 2.0 software were used in the data analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to show sample characteristics. We examined reliability, validity test for constructs. All measurement items used seven-point scales(1= very strong disagree, 7 = very strongly agree) drawn from previously published papers. Partial Least Square method was applied to find the relationship between antecedent factors and dependent factors and hypotheses were estimated. Results - Results show that perceived superiority, perceived ease of use, perceived transaction safety, perceived behavioral control positively affect self-efficacy. Self-efficacy influences positively to consumer's post purchase satisfaction. Perceived monetary benefit and perceived uniqueness motivated impulse buying. This can make consumer's post purchase dissatisfaction. Conclusions - This paper attempted to confirm the existence of both the positive and negative faces of overseas online shopping. The result reveals that self-efficacy is a major factor which may increase satisfaction in the overseas online shopping. Usually, we can think monetary benefit and uniqueness of products motivate overseas online shopping. But it can also intrigue impulse buying and negatively affect customer relationship. Therefore companies should provide enough products information to their potential customers and they might apply adequate processes such as recommendation, comparing systems to build long term relationship with their customers.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.173-185
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• 2015

This study aims to investigate the characteristics and types of car accidents and establish a prediction model by analyzing 456 car accidents having occurred in the 11 tunnels in Busan, through statistical analysis techniques. The results of this study can be summarized as below. As a result of analyzing the characteristics of car accidents, it was found that 64.9% of all the car accidents took place in the tunnels between 08:00 and 18:00, which was higher than 45.8 to 46.1% of the car accidents in common roads. As a result of analyzing the types of car accidents, the car-to-car accident type was the majority, and the sole-car accident type in the tunnels was relatively high, compared to that in common roads. Besides, people at the age between 21 and 40 were most involved in car accidents, and in the vehicle type of the first party to car accidents, trucks showed a high proportion, and in the cloud cover, rainy days or cloudy days showed a high proportion unlike clear days. As a result of analyzing the principal components of car accident influence factors, it was found that the first principal components were road, tunnel structure and traffic flow-related factors, the second principal components lighting facility and road structure-related factors, the third principal factors stand-by and lighting facility-related factors, the fourth principal components human and time series-related factors, the fifth principal components human-related factors, the sixth principal components vehicle and traffic flow-related factors, and the seventh principal components meteorological factors. As a result of classifying car accident spots, there were 5 optimized groups classified, and as a result of analyzing each group based on Quantification Theory Type I, it was found that the first group showed low explanation power for the prediction model, while the fourth group showed a middle explanation power and the second, third and fifth groups showed high explanation power for the prediction model. Out of all the items(principal components) over 0.2(a weak correlation) in the partial correlation coefficient absolute value of the prediction model, this study analyzed variables including road environment variables. As a result, main examination items were summarized as proper traffic flow processing, cross-section composition(the width of a road), tunnel structure(the length of a tunnel), the lineal of a road, ventilation facilities and lighting facilities.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.177-198
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• 2006

This study purposed to offer basic data for safety education of the dental laboratory technology after the investigation of how much the students in the dept. of dental laboratory technology are aware of the danger of each instrument, equipment or laboratory procedure that they use during laboratory and how much they demand safety education for this. The objects for this study were 423 students who were in the dept. of dental laboratory technology. In this regard, four colleges which have the dept. of dental laboratory technology were randomly selected to do a questionnaire survey. SPSS 12.0 was used to analyze the collected data. The results were as follows: As for satisfaction with their major, the respondents answered Satisfied (59.1%), Average (35.5%) and Dissatisfied (5.4%). In terms of the production process of a partial denture, they considered casting, polishing the casting body, polishing denture and burn out were most dangerous in order. As for the production process of a full denture, what they regarded as the most dangerous in order was polishing denture, deflasking and wax wash. Regarding the laboratory procedures of porcelain material, casting, trimming casting body, polishing porcelain material and burn out were the most dangerous procedures that they perceived. With regard to materials for use, alcohol, polishing, metal and wire were the most dangerous ones they thought. As for the handling characteristics of each material, small towns showed a higher demand for safety of the handling characteristics of alcohol. In terms of school year and sex, juniors and girls had higher scores in the demand for safety of the handling characteristics of acid. Regarding the handling characteristics of each equipment and instrument, all of small towns, juniors and girls showed the highest demand for safety of the handling characteristics of alcohol lamps. With regard to scores in the demand for safety of other characteristics, all of small towns, juniors and girls had the highest demand for safety of emergency treatment. Concerning the demand for safety education by the completion of safety education, in terms of each material, highest was the demand for safety of acid from the group which completed safety education. In regard to equipments and instruments, when it came to the demand for safety of the handling characteristics of casting machine, the educated group's demand for safety of acid was higher. Regarding other characteristics, the group which was not educated gained higher scores in the demand for safety of emergency treatment. 11. In all areas(materials, machines and others), small towns, girls and juniors showed higher scores in the demand for safety. Based on the above results, it was found that when students conduct the laboratory of dental technology, they would think that many materials, instruments or equipments for use are very dangerous. However, safety education was not fully given to them. Regarding the scores in the damned for safety education, the highest was 4.16 and the lowest was 3.43, which suggests that the scores were generally very high. In this regard, it is necessary to continue delivering a systematic safety education of materials, equipments or instruments used during the laboratory of dental technology. Therefore, through the analysis of each material, instruments or facility used in every laboratory and each process, safety accident types and accident risk factors should be investigated to develop educational materials for this. Moreover, it is required to open safety education as a single course of study or insert safety contents of all materials and machines into the class of dental laboratory instrument or dental materials for the purpose of a systematic and thorough safety education to prevent a safety accident during laboratory.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.23-37
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• 2005

The factors affecting the long-term design strength of geogrid can be classified into factors on creep deformation, installation damage, temperature, chemical degradation and biological degradation. Especially, creep deformation and installation damage are considered as main factors to determine the long-term design strength of geogrid. Current practice in the design of a reinforced soil structures is to calculate the long-term design strength of a geosynthetic reinforcement damaged during installation by multiplying the two partial safety factors, $RF_{ID}$ and $RF_{CR}$. This method assumes that there is no evaluation of synergy effect between installation damage and creep deformation of geogrids. This paper describes the results of a series of experimental study, which are carried out to assess the combined effect of the installation damage and the creep deformation for the long-term design strength of geogrid reinforcements. A series of field tests was carried out to assess installation damage of various geogrids with respect to different fill materials, and then creep tests are conducted to evaluate the creep deformation of both undamaged and damaged geogrids. The results indicated that the tensile strength reduction factors, RF, considering the combined effect between the installation damage and the creep deformation is less than that calculated by the current design method.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.77-89
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• 2004

While limit states design (LSD) is currently the standard structural design practice, it is relatively new in the geotechnical design. Adoption of LSD far geotechnical design is an international trend. In the present study, various LSD codes from the United States, Canada, and Europe were reviewed. A simple first-order-second-moment (FOSM) reliability analysis was performed to determine theoretically the ranges of load and resistance factor values for representative loads and foundation bearing capacity, respectively. In order for foundation design to be consistent with current structural design practice, it would be desirable to use the same loads, load factors and load combinations. The values of load factor, obtained from the FOSM analysis, were found to be generally consistent with those given in the codes, whereas the values of resistance factor indicated overall lower ranges due to high values of coefficient of variation used in the analysis. Since the degree of uncertainties included in bearing capacity of foundations varies with the methods used to estimate the bearing capacity, different values of resistance factor should be used fur different methods. For the purpose, continuous efforts are needed to be made first to accurately identify and quantify the uncertainties in the methods.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 2023

In general, bridges are facilities installed for the purpose of easily passing through sections such as valleys and rivers. Railway bridges that run through downtown areas are damaged due to external factors such as earthquakes and collisions with passing vehicles, resulting in serious human casualties. This can cause serious human and properties damage, such as functional paralysis in downtown areas. Depending on the degree of damage, repair work such as partial repair or full replacement is in progress for the bridge where the collision occurred. When damage or deformation occurs due to collision, the repair method is determined according to the degree of deformation and the degree to which the load capacity of the bridge is affected by the deformation. In this study, a numerical analysis review was performed on the repair work for the local deformation caused by the collision of a vehicle on an old railway bridge installed and in operation in an urban area. To this end, a structural safety review of the bridge for local deformations caused by vehicle collisions was conducted. In this paper, a repair method for the accident bridge was presented based on the analysis results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.3
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• pp.589-599
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• 2021

Purpose To analyze the success and complication rates and factors associated with technical failure of the ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous thrombin injection of femoral artery pseudoaneurysms caused by vascular access. Materials and Methods Records of 30 patients with post-catheterization femoral artery pseudoaneurysms who had been treated with US-guided percutaneous thrombin injections in the department of radiology between March 2009 and June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The lesion was diagnosed based on US or contrast-enhanced CT. The characteristics of the patients and their lesions were analyzed. Results The mean patient age was 67.8 years. The mean diameter of the pseudoaneurysmal sac was 20.88 mm (5-40 mm). Twenty patients (66.6%) obtained complete thrombosis after the primary injection, while 10 patients (33.3%) obtained partial thrombosis. The number of patients with a low platelet count (< 130 k/µL) was significantly higher in the partial thrombosis group than in the complete thrombosis group (p = 0.02). No substantial procedure-related complications were found in any patient. Conclusion The US-guided percutaneous thrombin injection is considered an initial treatment option for pseudoaneurysms caused by vascular access because of its safety and efficacy.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.643-660
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• 2013

In the present work, the capacity ratings of steel truss bridges have been carried out incorporating dynamic effect of moving vehicles and its accumulating effect as fatigue. Further, corrosion in the steel members has been taken into account to examine the rating factor. Dynamic effect has been considered in the rating procedure making use of impact factors obtained from simulation studies as well as from codal guidelines. A steel truss bridge has been considered to illustrate the approach. Two levels of capacity ratings- the upper load level capacity rating (called operating rating) and the lower load level capacity rating (called inventory rating) were found out using Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) method and a proposal has been made which incorporates fatigue in the rating formula. Random nature of corrosion on the steel member has been taken into account in the rating by considering reduced member strength. Partial safety factor for each truss member has been obtained from the fatigue reliability index considering random variables on the fatigue parameters, traffic growth rate and accumulated number of stress cycle using appropriate probability density function. The bridge has been modeled using Finite Element software. Regressions of rating factor versus vehicle gross weight have been obtained. Results show that rating factor decreases when the impact factor other than those in the codal provisions are considered. The consideration of fatigue and member corrosion gives a lower value of rating factor compared to those when both the effects are ignored. In addition to this, the study reveals that rating factor decreases when the vehicle gross weight is increased.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.5 no.1 s.15
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

The objective of pavement design, just as with the design of other structures, is to obtain the most economical designs at specified levels of reliability. Methods that yield designs with different levels of reliability are undesirable, and over the course of time design approaches in the U.S. and Europe have converged toward the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) format in order to assure uniform reliability. At present the LRFD format has been implemented in concrete, steel, wood and bridge design specifications. In this paper, reliability theories are used to illustrate the development of an LRFD format for Mechanistic-Empirical (M-E) design of flexible pavements as an alternative of its reliability module. It is shown in this paper that ten candidate pavement sections designed with a reliability level using the AASHTO design guide (1986) do not have uniform structural reliability in terms of pavement mechanistic distress such as fatigue cracking and the uniform reliability can be achieved by using the LRFD format.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.185-188
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• 2008

Fiber reinforced polymer(FRP) bars are proving to be a valuable solution in the corrosion problem of steel reinforced concrete structures. As such, a number of guidelines for their use have been developed. These guidelines are primarily based on modifications to existing codes of practice for steel reinforced concrete structures. These guidelines are also similar in that though the design equations are presented in the partial factor formats that are often used in probability based design, they are not true probabilistic codes. Instead, they typically make use of already existing design factors for loads and resistances. Thus, when concrete structures reinforced FRP bars are designed, the structural reliability levels are not known. This paper investigates uncertainties of concrete beams reinforced with GFRP bars. Also, the structural reliability levels are evaluated for the flexural failure mode.