• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficacy of a lactose- reduced synbiotic partial whey hydrolysate in formula fed infants presenting with colic and the impact of this dietary intervention in mean crying time and quality of life. Methods: Forty infants with infantile colic were treated during one month with parental reassurance and the intervention formula (partial whey hydrolysate, reduced lactose, Bifidobacterium lactis BB12 and galacto-oligosaccharides) and were compared to a control group of 20 infants with infantile colic treated with parental reassurance and a standard infant formula. Parents completed a quality of life (QoL) questionnaire assessing the burden of infantile colic. Wilcoxon test, t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used to compare QoL scores before and after intervention as well as between the intervention and control group. Results: At inclusion, duration of crying did not differ between both groups. Crying duration decreased with 2.7 hours (from 3.2 to 0.5 hours) in the intervention group while duration of crying decreased only with 1.2 hours in the control group (p<0.001). Stool composition became looser in the intervention group, but defecation frequency did not change. The median scores of the QoL questionnaire improved significantly in the intervention group for all parameters. In the control group, parameters improved significantly also but not for the parent-child and social interaction. The score changes were significantly greater in the intervention than in the control group. Conclusion: The intervention formula (partial whey hydrolysate, synbiotic, reduced lactose) significantly reduced the duration of crying and improved QoL of the parents and infants.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1779-1784
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• 2013

Although enzyme-hydrolyzed silk fibroin has been reported to enhance cognitive function before, it has been still unknown which peptides can improve memory. Here we report that amino acid sequences of three novel peptides were identified from fibroin hydrolysate. Fibroin hydrolysate was obtained by hydrolysis with protease after partial hydrolysis with 5M $CaCl_2$. Synthesized peptides derived from these sequences improved scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice. We confirmed this hydrolysate had effects that improved learning and memory abilities by performing the Rey-Kim test. From this hydrolysate of silk fibroin, amino acid sequences of eight peptides were identified by LC-MS/MS. Three peptides (GAGAGTGSSGFGPY, GAGAGSGAGSGAGAGSGAGAGY, and SGAGSGAGAGSGAGAGSGA) were synthesized to investigate whether they could improve memory. Passive avoidance test and Morris water maze test were performed, and all peptides showed memory-enhancing abilities on scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice. In this study, we identified three novel peptides that could improve memory, and that silk fibroin hydrolysate was a mixture of various active peptides that could enhance memory.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.917-922
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• 2009

This study investigated the effects of steaming on the antioxidative activities of ray hydrolysates in vitro. Based on the results of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, steamed ray hydrolysate possessed significantly higher antioxidative activities than raw ray hydrolysates (p<0.05). The 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity of steamed ray hydrolysate by pancreatin was slightly lower than raw ray hydrolysate at all concentrations. Raw ray hydrolysate displayed moderate hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, while steamed ray hydrolysate showed a greater increase in hydroxyl radical scavenging activity than raw ray hydrolysate at concentrations above 21.33 mg/mL, and it reached 58.21% at 42.67 mg/mL. The results of this study show that ray hydrolysates have potent free radical scavenging activities and reducing power, and the steaming has a partial impact on the antioxidative activity of ray hydrolysates.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.249-257
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• 2009

This study is conducted to partially purify an antioxidative peptide in a two-step gelatin hydrolysate from Alaska pollock surimi refiner discharge, which was obtained by sequential treatment with Pronase E and Flavourzyme. The two-step gelatin hydrolysate was fractionated using chromatographic methods. Based on the same protein concentration of each fraction, the antioxidative activities (85.1-95.4%) of positive fractions fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography were higher than those (27.2-87.8%) from gel filtration. Then, further purification of the positive fractions was performed. Among them, the partially purified A1C1L2G1 and A1C1L2G2 fractions showed 96.2% and 85.1% inhibition, respectively, of linoleic acid peroxidation. The A1C1L2G1 fraction was composed of 15 kinds of amino acids and the predominant amino acids were proline, glycine and alanine. The results obtained in this study suggested that the fraction partially purified through chromatographic methods from the two-step gelatin hydrolysate of Alaska pollock surimi refiner discharge could be useful as a supplementary source for improving health functionality.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.229-233
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• 2004

Partial desiccation of embryogenic calli cultures or somatic embryos leads to different physiological changes and maturation of somatic embryos, leading to improved plant regeneration. Embryogenic calli was induced from immature inflorescence segments and young leaf rolls of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum hybrids CoC-671) on Murashige and Skoog's basal medium enriched with different concentrations of 2,4-D ($1-4\;\cal{mg/l}$), L-glutamine ($100\cal{mg/l}$), malt extract ($100\cal{mg/l}$), casein hydrolysate ($1000\;\cal{mg/l}$) and coconut milk ($5\%$) and solidified with $0.2\%$ gel rite. The embryogenic calli were subjected to desiccation for 1-8 h. Desiccation of the calli for 6-7 h resulted in enhancement of plant regeneration frequency ($83-96\%$) as compared to control ($12\%$). Plantlets exhibited vigorous growth to maturity in the greenhouse. Partial desiccation of embryogenic calli offers as a simple method for improving plant regeneration frequency in sugarcane.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.136-141
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• 2009

Biological activities of enzymatic hydrolysate of spirulina (EHS) were investigated. EHS showed no significant effects on the growth-stimulating activity for lactic-acid bacteria and antioxidant activity. EHS showed slight in vitro growth-inhibitory effects (15% at 1.42 mg/L) on a human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). In addition, the anticoagulant activities of EHS were measured based on three different pathways: common, intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. As an indication of anticoagulant activity on common pathway, thrombin time (TT) of EHS (100 mg/L) was measured as 155.6 sec. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) for intrinsic pathway of EHS (1,000 mg/L) was measured as 95.8 sec. Prothrombin time (PT) based on extrinsic pathway of EHS (1,000 mg/L) was measured as 10.6 sec. These data showed that EHS have influences on anticoagulant factors of common pathway and intrinsic pathway. Consequently it was found that EHS could be used as a functional food for blood circulation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.1032-1037
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• 2009

The present experiment was conducted to study the effects of partial replacement of spray-dried porcine protein (SDPP) or fish meal with soybean and shrimp protein hydrolysate (SSPH) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical parameters in weaned pigs. Two hundred and forty 21${\pm}$2 d old pigs ((Pietrain${\times}$Duroc)${\times}$(Landrace${\times}$Large Yorkshire)) with initial weight of 6.9${\pm}$0.5 kg were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments with six replicates per treatment and eight piglets per replicate. The control diet (T1) contained 2% SDPP and 6% fishmeal, and SDPP for experimental diets T2 and T3 was replaced with 1% and 2% SSPH, respectively, on an iso-nitrogenous basis. The fishmeal for experimental diets T4 and T5 was replaced with 1% and 2% SSPH, respectively, also on an iso-nitrogenous basis. The experimental period was 21 days. The results showed that weaned piglets fed the diets containing 1% and 2% SSPH as a replacement for SDPP had similar average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed/gain (F/G), diarrhea rate and serum biochemical indices e.g. blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total serum protein (TP), albumin to globulin ratio (A/G), globulin (GLO), serum glucose (GLU), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) to those fed the control diet during 0-10 d and 0-21 d of the experiment. The substitution of 1% SSPH on an iso-nitrogenous basis for fish meal appeared to be beneficial for ADG (p = 0.59) and ADFI (p = 0.23) of piglets during the overall period. The digestibility of calcium was higher (p<0.01) in pigs fed diets containing SSPH than on the control diet. Addition of 1% SSPH on an iso-nitrogenous basis for fish meal could increase the digestibilities of dry matter and energy of the diet. Dietary replacement of fish meal with 1% and 2% SSPH had no effect on the concentrations of BUN, TP, A/G, GLO, GLU, and IgG. In conclusion, dietary SDPP or fish meal could partially replace SSPH without any adverse effect on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical parameters in weaned piglets.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1791-1800
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• 2004

Angiotensin I, a model decapeptide, was glycosylated and partially hydrolyzed with HCl (6 N, 80 $^{\circ}C$, 4 h), aminopeptidase, and carboxypeptidase Y. A single peptide mass map obtained from truncated peptides in the partial acid hydrolysate of angiotensin and its glycosylation product mixture by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry enabled sequencing of angiotensin by a combinatorial procedure. MALDI-TOF and electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometric results indicate that both the N-terminal amino group of aspartic acid and the guanidinium group of the second residue arginine are glycosylated.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of synbiotic formula with partial whey hydrolysate and high magnesium content in infants presenting with functional constipation. Methods: Sixty-five infants with functional constipation were included. Forty infants were treated during one month with parental reassurance and the intervention formula and were compared to a control group of 25 infants treated with parental reassurance only. Parents completed a quality of life (QoL) questionnaire at baseline and during the last week of the study. Results: At inclusion, stool characteristics and QoL were similar in both groups. The control group was slightly older than the intervention group ($7.5{\pm}3.9$ vs. $6.2{\pm}3.6$ weeks). At onset, stool composition was "hard and tight" (Bristol stool scale 1 and 2) in all infants. After one month, stool composition remained unchanged in the control group except in two infants that developed "creamy" stools (Bristol stool scale type 3 and 4). In the intervention group, stools remained "hard and tight" in 27.5%, and became "creamy" in 47.5%, "loose" (Bristol stool scale type 5) in 22.5% and "watery" (Bristol stool type 6 and 7) in 2.5%. The benefit of the intervention formula was estimated to be "very important" in 70%. The median scores for QoL improved significantly in the intervention group for all parameters and for one in the control group. Conclusion: The intervention formula significantly improved functional constipation resulting in a better QoL of the parents and infants.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.149-154
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• 2019

The World Health Organization recommends that infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life to provide optimal nutrition in this critical period of life. After this, infants should receive nutritionally adequate and safe complementary foods while breastfeeding continues for up to 2 years of age or beyond. For nonbreastfed infants, infant formula is an available option to provide the nutrition needed. Infant formula is usually prepared from industrially modified cow's milk and processed to adjust for the nutritional needs of infants. However, cow's milk is one of the most common causes of food allergy, affecting 2%-5% of all formula-fed infants during their first year of life. One strategy to prevent cow's milk allergy in nonbreastfed infants is the use of partially hydrolyzed formula (pHF) in high-risk infants, which are infants born in families with atopic disease. However, based on an epidemiological study, approximately half of the infants who develop allergy are not part of the at-risk group. This is because the non-at-risk group is significantly larger than the at-risk group and the non-at-risk infants have approximately 15% risk of developing allergies. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of partially hydrolyzed whey formula (pHF-W) in nonbreastfed infants and determine whether pHF-W can prevent atopic disease in high-risk infants and can be used as routine starter formula regardless of the allergy risk status.