• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.352-356
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• 2015

Basal cell adenoma (BCA) is a rare, benign neoplasm that most frequently arises in the parotid gland. We treated a 54-year-old female patient with BCA that had developed in the deep portion of the left parotid gland. The patient presented with gradual facial swelling with no other symptoms. We performed a total parotidectomy to excise the mass, but we preserved the facial nerve. Histopathology revealed a well-encapsulated mass. The tumor was composed of islands of comparatively uniform, small, dark, basaloid epithelial cells in the stroma. Histologic and immunohistochemical studies concluded that the BCA tumors were mostly trabecular. Postoperatively, there was no facial nerve weakness, and the tumor did not recur during the 24-month follow-up period.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.108-112
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• 2000

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma(EMC) is a rare low grade malignant salivary gland neoplasm that most commonly occurs in the parotid gland but can also arise in minor salivary glands. It is a distinct neoplasm characterized by tubular and solid growth patterns and a dual cell population including an inner larger of cuboidal to columnar epithelial cells which are peripherally bounded by a layer of myoepithelial cells with distinctly clear cytoplasm. The clinical course is characterized by a high incidence of local recurrence and not infrequent distant metastasis. The differential diagnosis included acinic cell tumor, adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma and pleomorphic adenoma. We report a case of EMC of left parotid gland in a 55-year-old woman.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 1986

The author examined fifty cases of sialolithiasis diagnosed in the Dept. of Oral Radiology in SNUH by conventional radiography and sialography, and analyzed patient's age, sex, location, radio density, numbers, shapes, and relation with ducts and parenchymas. 1. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The average age of patients was 38.6 years in submandibular sialolithiasis, and 39.2 years in parotid sialolithiasis. 2. There was slightly higher incidence in males (58.0%) than in females (42.0%). 3. Salivary stones were found to be much more in the submandibular gland and duct (82.0%) than in the parotid gland and duct (18.0%). 4. Of 62 submandibular salivary stones, 33 (53.2%) occurred in the main duct, 25 (40.3%) occurred in the hilum, and 4 (6.5%) occurred in the parenchyma. Of 18 parotid salivary stones, 9(50.0%) occurred in the main duct, 5(27.8%) occurred in the parenchyma, and 4(22.2%) occurred in the hilum. 5. Of the submandibular salivary stones, the number of radiopaque type was 45 (75.8%), and the number of radiolucent type was 17 (24.2%). Of the parotid salivary stones, the number of radiopaque type was 12 (66.7%), and the number of radiolucent type was 6(33.3%). 6. The single type was 30 cases (73.2%) in submandibular gland, 6 cases (66.7%) in parotid gland, and the multiple type was 11 cases (26.8%) in submandibular gland, and 3 cases (33.3%) in parotid gland. 7. Round shape was 35 cases (43.8%), ovoid shape was 22 cases (27.5%), irregular shape was 17 cases (21.3%), and cylindrical shape was 6 cases (7.5%).

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.129-132
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• 2013

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is the second-most common skin cancer and represents 20% of all skin cancers. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma often spreads to the parotid gland through lymph nodes, but, direct invasion of an adjacent organ may also occur. We present the case of 78-year-old man with ulcerated mass on the right infra-auricular area. The histopathologic finding was squamous cell carcinoma. There was no evidence of distant metastasis, but the mass was found to invade the superficial lobe of the right parotid gland. The mass was widely excised and superficial parotidectomy was performed while preserving the facial nerve. The defect was covered by primary closure. Postoperative radiotherapy was performed. At 20 months after surgery, our patient had no facial palsy, local recurrence, or metastasis. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma involving the parotid gland is an aggressive, rapidly advancing lesion, which if not recognized and treated early will result in high morbidity and mortality. Squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland has shown that patients who receive adjuvant radiotherapy have a lower recurrence rate and a higher survival rate than patients treated with surgery alone. The role of elective neck dissection remains controversial.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.233-244
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the gene frequency in parotid salivary proteins according to salivary blood components and salivary blood types. Parotid and whole saliva were collected from 160 healthy Korean adults (from 20 years of age to 43). They were divided by blood type(Q,B, AB,O type). Each group contained 40 adults respectively. They were tested to the salivary secretory blood components and parotid acidic protein(Pa), proline-rich protein(Pr) and double band protein(Db) were analyzed to evaluate the distribution of phenotype using alkaline slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results were as follows : 1. In parotid saliva, the salivary blood substances were not found. In whole saliva, secretory type was 21.9% and non-secretory type was 78.1%. : In A type blood group, secretory type 87.5% and non-secretory type 12.5%. In B type blood group, secretory type 82.5% and non-secretory type 17.5%. In AB type blood group, secretory type 85% and non-secretory type 15%. In O type blood group, secretory type 57.5% and non-secretory type 42.5%. 2. The gene frequency of parotid acidic protein(Pa) were Pa+=0.160, Pa-=0.840 and proline-rich protein(Pr) were Pr1=0.781, Pr2=0.219 and double-band protein(Db) were Db+=0.019, Db-=0.981. 3. The difference between phenotype of Pa, Pr, Db proteins and salivary secretory blood components was not statistically significant. (P>0.05) 4. The difference between phenotype of Pa, Pr, Db proteins and blood types was not statistically significant.(P>0.05)

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.151-155
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• 2012

Purpose: Basal cell adenoma of the salivary gland is an uncommon type of monomorphic adenoma. The most frequent location is parotid gland. It usually appears as a firm, mobile and slow-growing mass. Originally the term "basal cell adenoma" is described as a benign salivary gland tumor comprised of uniform appearing basaloid cells which are arranged in solid, trabecular, tubular, and membranous patterns. But the myxoid and chondroid mesenchymal like component as seen in pleomorphic adenoma is lacking in basal cell adenoma. We report a case of basal cell adenoma of parotid gland with review of the literatures. Methods: The 59-year-old female patient was referred to our department with a painless palpable mass in the left preauricular region for about 1 year. Movable and nontender subcutaneous mass was palpable. There was no evidence of cervical metastasis in computed tomography and ultrasonography. On fine needle aspiration cytology, pleomorphic adenoma was suspected. Under general anesthesia, superficial parotidectomy including tumor was performed. The biopsy result was basal cell adenoma. Results: Long-term follow-up for 54 months showed favorable result without evidence of recurrence except for temporary facial nerve weakness right after the surgery. Conclusion: Basal cell adenoma is the third most frequent benign tumor of the salivary gland, following pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin's tumor, although the incidence is low. The typical clinical feature of the basal cell adenoma is slowly growing, asymptomatic, and freely movable parotid mass. Basal cell adenoma should be also considered as a differential diagnosis of the parotid gland benign tumor.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.203-208
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• 1999

Purpose: This study was to investigate the age and sex differences of the fractal dimension of the normal parotid glands in the digitized CT images. Materials and methods: The six groups. which were composed of 42 men and women from 20 s. 40' sand 60' s and over were picked. Each group contained seven people of the same sex. The normal parotid CT images were digitized. and their fractal dimensions were calculated using Scion Image PC program. Results: The mean of fractal dimensions in males was 1.7292(±0.0588) and 1.6329(±0.0425) in females. The mean of fractal dimensions was 1.7617. in young males 1.7328 in middle males, and 1.6933 in old males. The mean of fractal dimensions was 1.6318. in young females 1.6365 in middle females. and 1.6303 in old females. There was no statistical difference in fractal dimension between left and right parotid gland of the same subject(P>0.05). Fractal dimensions in male were decreased in older group(P<0.05) and larger than female in same age group(P<0.05). But fractal dimensions in female had a tendency to decrease in older group but no statistical difference between ages(P>0.05). Conclusions: The fractal dimension of parotid glands in the digitized CT images will be useful to evaluate the age and sex differences.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of four-field box whole brain radiotherapy (FB-WBRT) with tilting baseplate by comparing bilateral WBRT (B-WBRT). Methods and Materials: Between March 2016 and September 2018, 20 patients with brain metastases underwent WBRT using the four-field box technique. WBRT is performed with a dose of 30 Gy in 10 fractions daily. Two computed tomography simulations per person were performed. One was in the traditional supine position for B-WBRT and the other by applying the tilting acrylic supine baseplate to elevate the head by 40° for FB-WBRT. The B-WBRT used the field-in-field technique, which is the most commonly used method in our institution. The FB-WBRT comprised anterior, posterior, and bilateral beams. A wedge was applied in anterior and posterior fields to compensate for skull convexity. Results: The average of Dmean of both parotid glands was 10.2 Gy (range, 3.8 to 17.8 Gy) in B-WBRT and 5.4 Gy (range, 2.0 to 11.7 Gy) in FB-WBRT (p < 0.05). Compared to B-WBRT, FB-WBRT reduced the mean dose of the right and left parotid glands from 10.1 Gy to 4.9 Gy and from 10.4 Gy to 5.8 Gy, respectively (p < 0.05). Further, V₅, V₁₀, V₁₅, V₂₀, and V₂₅ for the parotid gland decreased significantly in FB-WBRT (p < 0.05). The Dmax and Dmean of lens decreased according to the dose-volume histogram. Conclusion: Compared to B-WBRT, FB-WBRT with a tilting baseplate is a simple and effective method that takes feature of noncoplanar beam to protect the parotid gland.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.663-666
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• 2009

Purpose: Primary malignant lymphomas of the salivary glands are uncommon. The parotid gland was most frequently involved, followed by the submandibular gland, minor salivary gland and sublingual gland. The most common subtype is mucosa - associated lymphoid tissue(MALT) lymphoma. We experienced a case of salivary MALT lymphoma involving parotid gland duct, so report a case with a review of the literature. Methods: A 65 year old female presented with a palpable mass on the left side of her cheek. There was no clinical or laboratory evidence of pre - existing autoimmune disease. Preoperative facial and neck CT with contrast showed $2.1{\times}1.7cm$ sized, ill defined, homogeneous low density mass near left masseter muscle, and no evidence of other enlarged lymph nodes. Results: At operation, a yellowish oval shaped mass was found slightly adhered to middle portion of the parotid gland duct, meaduring $2{\times}1.5{\times}0.7cm$. Microscopic finding showed that centrocyte - like cells, monocyte B cells and plasma cells were diffusely infiltrated. Immunophenotyping was preformed on fixed section. The majority of the small cells were immunoreactive for the B cell marker CD20. Based on the typical histological findings supported by immunostaining, the mass was defined as MALT lymphoma. Conclusion: We report that very rare case of MALT lymphoma involving parotid gland duct in 65 year old female patient was experienced with clinical characteristics, histologic features and references.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 2003

Background: Surgical management of recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland has a considerable risk of facial nerve injury and a high re-recurrence rate. To obtain more insight into the issue of recurrent pleomorphic adenoma and more specifically to evaluate our experience and results of treatment, a retrospective study was carried out. Materials and Methods: During the period from 1989 to 2002, the medical records of 14 patients who underwent a operation for recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland were reviewed retrospectively. The initial operation for parotid tumor, clinical features of recurrence, reoperation after recurrence, po stop complication were analysed. Results: The male to female ratio was 6 : 9. Median age of the patients at the time of the initial operation was 33 years and at the time of the reoperation was 43 years. The median interval until recurrence was 105 months (6-252 months). The initial operations performed were excision or enucleation in 10 patients, superficial parotidectomy in 3 patients, total parotidectmy in 1 patients. The thirteen patients were underwent reoperation (8 superficial parotidectomies, 3 total parotidectomies, 1 neartotal parotidectomy, 1 wide excision). The facial nerve paralysis after the reoperation occured in 6 patients but all of them were recovered from 3 months to 1 year after surgery. Conclusion: In the management of pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland, excision or enucleation is to be avoided due to the higher recurrence rate and superficial or total parotidectomy with preservation of the facial nerve are to be preferred. Because the risk of facial nerve injury during operation for the recurrent tumor was higher than initial surgery, more careful surgical procedure is mandatory for preserving the facial nerve.