• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.131-145
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• 1995

This paper presents a method for solving project planning problem which the opinions of experts greatly disagree in each activity processing time. Triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs) are used to represent activity times of experts. And we introduce a pessimistic project planning with major TFNs and an optimistic project planning with minor. TFNs, and illustrate the approach using a combination of the existing composite and the comparison methods, which is used to solve the complex project planning problem.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.22-39
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the school location and site planning direction for land use planning of public land development. And this research proposed the direction of small park in school. So this research present the implication on urban planning and design for architecture, park-school complex. This study perform the relationship analysis on location of school and park. The result follows as this : 1) land use planning : Location and space of park-school must be checked in advance. Schools and parks are placed together. The park is located south of the school. 2) school site planning : Small field for dynamic activity is needed in school. The character of small park in school is relationship of educational programs. 3) management : CCTV is installed at school. Bright lights are placed in school. This result will be used in decision-making-process of land use planning, public land development construction, urban design and city policy.

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.19-38
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of neighborhood sports activity facilities on the exercise time and subjective health level using the National Sport Participation Survey data(2013-2015) in Seoul, Korea. We conducted path analysis including exercise time, subjective health level and various environmental factors. From the survey data, we extracted individual's characteristics including subjective health and exercise time. In addition, we calculated physical environment variables of neighborhood units. The results of this study are as follow. First, most of moderating variables such as gender, age, income and job showed expected relationships with exercise time or subjective health level. Second, the perceived level regarding neighborhood sports facilities such as public sports facilities had a strong positive association with exercise time and subjective health level. Third, the area of public sports facility, neighborhood park and the number of schools had positive effects on the exercise time and subjective health level. Lastly, land use mix and the number of intersections showed a positive effects on exercise time. To sum up, the results indicated that public sports facility, neighborhood park and perceived environment on neighborhood sports facility are critical factors of residents' exercise time and subjective health level.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.359-366
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• 2013

Although many research efforts have been conducted to address the effect of crew members' work skills (e.g., technical and planning skills) on work performance (e.g., work duration and quality) in construction projects, the relationship between skill and performance has generated a great deal of controversy in the field of management (Inkpen and Crossan 1995). This controversy can lead to under- or over-estimations of the overall project schedule, and can make it difficult for project managers to implement appropriate managerial policies for enhancing project performance. To address this issue, the following aspects need to be considered: (a) work performances are determined not only by individual-level work skill but also by the group-level work skill affected by work team members, each member's role, and any working behavior pattern; (b) work planning has significant effects on to what extent work skill enhances performance; and (c) different types of activities in construction require different types of work, skill, and team composition. This research, therefore, develops a system dynamics (SD) model to analyze the effects of both individual-and group-level (i.e., multi-level) skill on performances by utilizing the advantages of SD in capturing a feedback process and state changes, especially in human factors (e.g., attitude, ability, and behavior). The model incorporates: (a) a multi-level skill evolution and relevant behavior development mechanism within a work group; (b) the interaction among work planning, a crew's skill-learning, skill manifestation, and performances; and (c) the different work characteristics of each activity. This model can be utilized to implement appropriate work planning (e.g., work scope and work schedule) and crew management policies (e.g., work team composition and decision of each worker's role) with an awareness of crew's skill and work performance. Understanding the different characteristics of each activity can also support project managers in applying strategic work planning and crew management for a corresponding activity, which may enhance each activity's performance, as well as the overall project performance.

• 시스템엔지니어링워크숍
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• s.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 2003

In this study, we have analyzed the cost of korea high-speed railway system. The predicted cost in planning phase and adjustment data to 5th year are collected. Then, predicted cost is compared with adjustment in year/item/system base. We make a project history table for criteria to review project history and research & development activity. We have developed CBS(cost breakdown structure) and allocated adjustment data to them. It is shown that cost prediction related to research & development activity in planning phase is relatively correct.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.176-181
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• 2001

Due to the increasing complexity to handle conflicts and interruptions caused by resource failures and rush orders, shop control is obliged to redesign its organization according to the changing demands of the manufacturing control. These demands are leading to the development of decentralization and gradually to their permanent optimization. As a result, a powerful modeling method which can be adapted efficiently is required. The use of agent theory enables specific modeling of the relevant shop planning activities. The planning activities are modeled in a so-called activity modeling through the definition of three classes of agents; Plan Agent, Manufacturing System Agent and Control Agent as well as the description of the cooperative relationship among these agents. On the basis of the activity model the agent-based shop control method is developed which emphasizes the distributed problem-solving and the cooperation with relevant agents.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2012

Urban parks are progressing but are in chaos in the twenty-first century. Therefore the purposes of this study are to consider critically and classify the new paradigm of urban parks. Urban parks are one of the space products, and progressing aspects can be divided into three parts; supply, demand and market aspects. In the abstract, urban parks' progress represents process, openness or voidness, general and cultural ecology, productivity, experience program, identity or sense of place, carriers of urban regeneration, urban infrastructure, community space, multi-layered activity, active space, communication with urban space, tool of low carbon strategy and consilience. But urban parks have come under increased criticism about the long period development on trees growth, covering open space, limitation of general and cultural ecology, production, activity programs, identity and community space, visible urban regeneration, economic validity, urban sprawl, not using as the low carbon strategy, and finally negative consilience with contiguous fields. We collected these critical consideration about progressing urban parks, and proposed urban agricultural park as one of the alternative urban parks. This is closely connected with sustainable region development, low-carbon society, local food, well-being, Lohas paradigm and amenity of urban life.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.75-88
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• 1987

The purpose of this survey was to measure the health Service activity of the public Health Nurses and analyze the related factors influencing to their activities. The subjects of this study were 75PHN in Health Centers, Chung Buk area and survey was conducted from 15th, October to 30th, November, 1986. The results of this study were as follows; 1. General characteristics of PHN : $\cdot\;45.3\%$ of total respondents was in 30-39 age group and their average age was 34.9. $\cdot\;85.3\%$ of them were married women. $\cdot$ Their educational level was almost Nursing High School and Nursing College $(98.7)\%$. 2. Total performance average of health service activities was 2.031. Among the 11 health service categories, health service planning (2.859) and administrative service (2.489) were the most active service area. And among the specific activity items about the health service categories, the highest performed activities were. 'record & report' in health service planning (3.333 : mean), 'case finding & enrolling' in prenatal care (2.627), 'examination of health condition; in postnatal care (2.497), 'personal counselling & education' in family planning (2.560) and 'vaccination & personal education' in well-baby care (2.480). 3. There were significant difference between the performed degree of activities in department of Health Center(P<0.01). The highest health service planning activity was performed by the nurses in TB clinic and maternal care activities were carried out by MCH Center nurses. 4. PHNs in MCH Center were more active than the nurses in Health Center, which services were especially maternal and well-baby care. Their total activity score was 2.302 while 1.860 was of the nurses in Health Center. There were significant difference between their activities (P<0.01).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.13-27
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• 2019

This study shows the changes in the space created by the planning and leisure activities of Hangang River Park, focusing on the Yeouido portion of the Hangang River Park, which has the most users and the greatest degree of planning. The relationship between planning, behavior, and space changes are explained based on Giddens's Structural Theory. As research material, Hangang River Park plans and satellite photos were interpreted and newspaper articles were used to identifying the space changes and their causes, and a model of the space changes was derived through the application of the theory. The flow of space change in the Yeouido portion of the Hangang River Park due to planning and leisure activities is as follows. In the 1970s, the first sports spaces are made due to need from residents near the riverside, but huge plans for the utilization of the entire space were not realized. In the 1980s, leisure spaces were planned and developed through a comprehensive plan. Various sports spaces were built, but the environment of the spaces became a slum. In the 1990s, various leisure activities were revitalized due to the revision of the legal system, regulations on the usage of space, and space maintenance, and from the late 1990s, ecological issues arose along the Hangang River. In the 2000s, there was an overall space improvement project directed by two comprehensive plans, and cultural and ecological issues appeared in the Hangang River Park plans. However, actual leisure spaces were developed along with the promotion of large-scale activities. Regarding the structuration theory, elements of interaction, modality, and structure are the aspects of space changes in the Yeouido portion Hangang River Park. As the flow of the space change, the proportions of the comprehensive plan and the individual plans were similar. The comprehensive plan was influenced by the change of public businesses and the proliferation of large-scale activities. Individual plans were influenced by the user's activities and opinions. However, both plans were influenced by the users and suppliers. The leisure space of the Hangang River Park can be viewed as a social space, in terms of the structuring as a theory due to the user repeatedly changing the use of the space. The purpos of this study is to investigate the changes in the Hangang River Park space through planning and leisure activities. Through this study, we can understand the characteristics of the Hangang River Park in planning the leisure activity space.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.29-38
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• 2009

Natural dyes seem to be more profitable on human and environment, and recently they could be considered as a better alternative to synthesized dyes. The aim of the current work was to investigate the dyeing property and antimicrobial activity of commercial cotton fabrics dyed with kumazasa (usually called in japan) which is known as conventional japan bamboo leaves. Actually, the dyeability and antimicrobial property of dyed fabric with natural mordant/dyeing was compared with synthetic mordant/dye process. The results of this study obtained are as follows. The apparently colour of kumazasa leaves extract dyed fabrics showed with light green or slightly yellow-green. In colorfastness to washing, ${\Delta}E$ and K/S values of dyed fabrics with natural chitosan as mordant used was shown to be more excellent results, than was synthetic mordant used. However, the decrease rate was recorded nearly 50% when washing repeated 20 cycles. In result of antimicrobial effect for bacteria, the dyed fabrics didn't show the significant antimicrobial activity to the both dyed with and without mordant. Results of this investigation considered that low-cost, natural, bio-mordant are relatively effective in natural coloration.