• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.173-181
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• 2007

Purpose: This study examined the awareness and attitudes of parents of 5th and 6th graders toward own children smoking. Method: The participants were 766 parents of 5th and 6th graders in 11 elementary schools located in J city. Data were collected through questionnaires, which were constructed to include parents' recognition of harms to their own children cause by smoking, factors which influence their children to smoke, and parental supportive strategies to prevent smoking. Result: The percentage of parents who answered that they did not know if their children were smoking was 94.8%, while the percentage of parents who answered that they knew that their children were smoking was 3.5%. Only 30% of parents had actually spoken with their children about the dangers of smoking. The mean parental recognition of the dangers of smoking was 3.16 points. Parental strategy for preventing and prohibiting smoking with the higher mean scores included forbidding children from entering bars and nightclubs which had the highest scores at 3.55 points; forbidding the sale of cigarettes to children was next at 3.54 points. Conclusion: To prevent children from smoking, the role and attitude of parents is crucial. But the study results show that the role of parental guidance in preventing underage smoking was insufficient and under appreciated. Therefore, more systematic educational programs on preventing underage smoking are essential for parents.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.694-700
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• 2005

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between peer and parental factors and smoking behavior of adolescents in urban cities and to investigate whether there are gender differences. Methods. A stratified and random cluster sampling design was used to obtain a cross-sectional sample of high school students in two urban cities. The sample consisted of 512 Korean adolescents (256 boys and 256 girls) aged 15 to 18 (mean age 16.7$\pm$.58). Self-reported questionnaire consisted of adolescent smoking behavior, peer smoking and alcohol use, parental smoking and alcohol use, father-mother-peer relationships and perceived social support from peers and parents. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the hypothesized model. Results. The findings showed that peer and parental factors accounted for $30.3\%$ of the variance in adolescent smoking and peer smoking was most strongly associated with adolescent smoking behavior (OR = 10.18). In addition, peer smoking (OR = 4.71), peer alcohol use (OR = 4.21), and peer relationships (OR = 1.03) were significantly associated with boys' smoking behavior. In girls, peer smoking (OR = 26.50) and parent smoking (OR = 5.48) were significantly associated with smoking behavior. Conclusions. Consistent with previous findings, peer smoking is a significant factor on adolescent smoking. Specifically, boys would be more influenced from peers than girls. Therefore, smoking prevention programs for adolescents might be focused on the social context such as, resisting to peer pressure and enhancing the self-efficacy to control.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3483-3489
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• 2013

Background: To identify the prevalence of different stages of smoking and differences in associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: Thos longitudinal study started in February 2011 and the subjects were 2552 form one students aged between twelve to thirteen years of from 15 government secondary schools of Kinta, Perak. Data on demographic, parental, school and peer factors were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. We examined the effects of peer, school and parental factors on the five stages of smoking; never smokers, susceptible never smokers, experimenters, current smokers and ex-smokers, at baseline. Results: In the sample, 19.3% were susceptible never smokers, 5.5% were current smokers 6% were experimenters and 3.1% were ex-smokers. Gender, ethnicity, best friends' smoking status, high peer pressure, higher number of relatives who smoked and parental monitoring were found to be associated with smoking stages. Presence of parent-teen conflict was only associated with susceptible never smokers and experimenters whereas absence of home discussion on smoking hazards was associated with susceptible never smokers and current smokers. Conclusions: We identified variations in the factors associated with the different stages of smoking. Our results highlight that anti-smoking strategies should be tailored according to the different smoking stages.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2615-2619
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• 2013

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of perceived parental attitudes on children's discernment of cigarettes. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 250 children attending grades 6, 7 and 8. Data were collected via a socio-demographic survey questionnaire, the Parental Attitude Scale (PAS) and the Decisional Balance Scale (DBS). Data analysis covered percentages, medians, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc tests using a statistical package. Results: There were 250 participants; 117 were male, 133 were female. The mean age was $13.1{\pm}0.98$ for the females and $13.3{\pm}0.88$ for the males. A statistically significant difference was found in the children's mean scores for 'pros' subscale on the Decisional Balance Scale (DBS) according to perceived parental attitudes (F=3.172, p=0.025). There were no statistically significant differences in the DBS 'cons' subscale scores by perceived parental attitudes. Conclusions: It was determined that while perceived parental attitudes affect children's views on advantages of smoking, they have no effect on children's views on its disadvantages.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.28-44
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to examine the associated risk factors for adolescent cigarette smoking. In February 1995, a total of 1793 students from 17 general high schools in Seoul were assessed with a self-completing questionnaire pertaining current smoking status and school.family.peer environmental factors. The results are as follows; 1. The overall proportion of current smoker among students in the study was 17.3%; 27.7% in males and 6.6% in females. 2. There was significant association between smoking status and all school environmental factors (ranks at school, satisfaction at school, study hours after school, extracurricular activity) examined. 3. Siblings smoking in males and family structure in females were significantly associated with the smoking status of students. 4. Functional aspect of family environmental factors, such as APGAR score, parental supervision, attachment to father or to mother were related to smoking status of students. 5. Association with friends who smoke was significantly associated with smoking status of students. 6. In males, association with friends who smoke, ranks at school, siblings smoking were significant positive predictors and APGAR score, parental supervision, attchment to mother were significant negative predictors. In females, association with friends whosmoke, ranks at school, satisfaction at school were significant positive predictors and parental supervision, attchment to father were significant negative predictors. These findings suggest that strategies that influence smoking behavior need to be directed not only to the individual student but also to their peer group, family and school environment.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.333-340
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• 2020

본 연구는 학교 밖 청소년의 흡연여부에 따른 건강 및 심리적 특성을 확인하고, 부모 양육태도가 흡연에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사 연구이다. 본 연구는 서울과 충남 지역에 있는 학교 밖 지원센터에 등록되어 있는 282명을 연구 대상자로 선정하였으며, 2018년 3월부터 2018년 6월까지 설문지를 통해 자료 수집하였다. 자료 분석을 위하여 x²-test, 독립표본 t-test, 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과를 살펴보면, 학교 밖 청소년의 흡연에 성별, 아버지 교육수준, 음주, 성관계 경험, 부모의 양육태도가 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 부모의 양육태도 점수가 높은 집단에서 흡연의 가능성이 높아졌다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 부모 양육태도를 고려한 학교 밖 청소년의 흡연 예방 및 금연프로그램을 개발하는데 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.552-561
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing lifetime smoking and current smoking among adolescents in South Korea. Methods: Hierarchical logistic regression was conducted based on complex sample analysis using statistics from the 10th (2014) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey. The study sample comprised 72,060 adolescents aged 12 to 18. Results: The significant factors influencing adolescent lifetime smoking were female gender, older age, higher stress, higher weekly allowance, lower economic status, living apart from parents, parental smoking, sibling smoking, peer smoking, observation of school personnel smoking, and coed school compared to boys' school. The significant factors influencing adolescent current smoking were female gender, older age, higher stress, higher weekly allowance, both higher and lower economic status compared to middle economic status, living apart from parents, parental smoking, sibling smoking, peer smoking, observation of school personnel smoking, and coed school compared to boys' school. Conclusion: Factors identified in this study need to be considered in programs directed at prevention of adolescent smoking and smoking cessation programs, as well as policies.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권12호
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• pp.55-67
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between adolescent risk behaviors and correlates of risk behaviors. Questionnaires were completed by 955 high school freshmen in the Daegu${\cdot}$Kyungpook area and included measures of risk behaviors, coping, self-esteem, social competence, attitudes toward risk behaviors, parental attachment, autonomy, parental monitoring, and peers' risk behaviors. The major findings were as follows. (1) Parental attachment, autonomy, and appropriate parental monitoring were positively correlated with adolescent coping, self-esteem, social competence, and peers' desirable behaviors, but were negatively associated with peers' risk behaviors and attitudes toward risk behaviors. (2) Of all the variables, peers' risk behaviors and favorable attitudes toward smoking had the greatest influence on adolescent drinking and smoking, following by favorable attitudes toward drinking, social competence, and gender (3) Similar to adolescent drinking and smoking, of all the variables, peers' risk behaviors had the greatest influence on adolescent delinquency, following by favorable attitudes toward smoking and gender.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a child-parent secondhand smoke(SHS) prevention program(C-PSHSPP). Methods: The participants were parents whose children were attending daycare centers located in S city. The institutions were selected using two-stage cluster sampling and data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were performed using SPSS version 18.0. Results: Number of cigarettes smoked per day, rate of smoking when with child decreased significantly. Parental awareness on SHS and scores on changes of experiential process increased significantly. Conclusions: From these results, it is suggested that the C-PSHSPP has beneficial effects in decreasing parental daily smoking amount at the same time increasing parental awareness on SHS and importance of smoking cessation. Therefore, C-PSHSPP can be recommended as a SHS intervention program for preschool children.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권14호
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• pp.5847-5852
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• 2015

Background: Smoking behavior is related to numerous factors, including psychosocial parameters. This study investigated the association between family context factors and smoking among male adolescents. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, school-based study was conducted during 2014. The study sampled 900 students from intermediate and secondary schools in Madinah City, Saudi Arabia. Data concerning smoking status, sociodemographic, parental and friends' smoking behavior, and family factors were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. These data were employed to estimate the prevalence of smoking using appropriate statistical analyses including multivariate logistic regression. Results: Of 900 students, 870 completed the study questionnaire (96.7%). Of the respondents, 181 students (20.8%, 95% CI=18.1%-23.5%) were current smokers, and a much higher prevalence was observed among adolescents with most or all of their friends smoking (48.1%) and those living with neither parent (47.4%). The adjusted risk of smoking increased significantly among adolescents who lived with neither parent (OR=3.3; 95% CI=1.1-9.2) and among those who reported little or no parental supervision (OR=1.5; 95% CI=1.0-2.1). Conclusions: Family context factors are associated with an increased risk of smoking behavior among male adolescents in Saudi Arabia.