• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.339-348
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the parental authority and the parental child-rearing behavior. The subjects of this study were 380 children from an elementary school in SEOUL. Statistical analysis of the data was by MANOVA, the simutaneous confidence interval. The results were as follows : 1) There were sex differences on children's perception of parental authority. 2) There was no differences between the sex on children's perception of parental child-rearing behavior. 3) There were relationships on children's perception of parental authority and parental child-rearing behavior.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.45-60
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• 1987

This research examined children's perception of parental authority within three different types of rules : moral, social-conventional, and personal issue. Specifically, two major aspects of parental authority-legitimacy and obedience-were explored. The subjects of this study were 120 children from an elementary school in Kwangju. There were 40 subjects (20 males and 20 females) in each of three age groups: 7-, 9-, and 11- year-olds. The subjects were administered an interview individually. Based on Tisak (1986) open-ended questions concerning three family rules (moral rule, social-conventional rule, personal issue) were administered. Responses to the assessment questions were coded as positive or negative. Responses to the judgment conception questions were coded into 7 categories : Other's Walfare, Social Coordination, Personal choice, Deservedness of Punishment for Wrongdoing, Existence of Authority, Conflicting Personal Interest and Authority, and Personal Development. Statistical analysis of obtained data was by percentage and ${\chi}_2$ test using log linear procedure. The results were as follows : (1) There was a significant main effect of type of rule on the children's assessment regarding legitimacy and obedience of parental authority. The children (average 96%) stated that it was all right for parents to make rules prohiliting an act when it pertained to moral and social conventions. However, the majority of the children (average 40%) stated that it was not right for parents to regulate personal issues. (2) There was a significant interaction effect between type of rule and age. (3) There was a significant main effect of rules on the children's judgment conception of parental authority. (4) There was a significant interaction effect between rules and ages on children's judgment conception of parental authority.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was (1) to investigate and order the levels of parental authority concepts established by Damon, and (2) to investigate the relationship between the development of parental authority concepts and the child's age and sex. The subjects of this study were 120 children from an elementary school in Seoul. There were 40 subjects (20 males and 20 females) in each of three age groups: 8-, 10-, and 12- year-olds. The subjects were interviewed individually using Damon's(1977) open-ended questions concerning family rules. Responses to the assessment questions were coded as positive or negative, and responses to the judgement concept questions were coded into 6 levels. Statistical analysis of obtained data was by percentage, Spearman correlation using an ordinal scale, two-way analysis of variance, and Duncan test. The results showed that (1) the developmental levels of parental authority concepts established by Damon conformed to an ordinal scale, and (2) the development of parental authority concepts was related to child's age but not to child's sex.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.130-145
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to investigate parental authority by sex and age of child. The subjects of this study were 546 elementary school and middle school children in Seoul. The instrument was the Parent Authority Scale (김경희, 1991). Statistical analysis of the data was by two-way multivaliate analysis of variance, simultaneous confidence interval and structure coefficients. There were sex and age differences in children's perception of parental authority. There was a significant interaction effect between children's sex and age on parental authority.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1115-1124
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• 2008

Although parent-child relationships are fundamental aspects of human development across all societies, this relationship is also shaped in significant ways by culture. Therefore, the present study sought to determine whether adolescent autonomy was predicted in a similar or differential manner by several parent-adolescent variables consisting of parenting behavior, parental authority, and parents' educational attainment in samples of Chinese and American adolescents. The sample for this study included 418 Chinese adolescents and 226 American adolescents. Utilizing structural equation modeling, the results revealed that the effect of paternal authority on adolescent autonomy development is indirect, with the indirect effect being mediated by the authoritative parenting behaviors for both cultural groups. Therefore, the analyses for Chinese and European American youth generated similar association patterns, such that parenting behaviors served as a mediator in the relationship between paternal authority and adolescents' autonomy development. The significance of this present study is to contribute to existing knowledge in the field of adolescent development and to the literature on how parental behaviors and authority in collectivistic societies and individualist societies influence adolescent development.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to measure perceiving extent on father and mother's authority - domain perceived by child and the some materials for bringing up authority - domain in according to the sex and development level of child. The study subjects were children of 3rd elementary schools and 3rd middle schools at Cheong - ju city Chungcheongbuk - do and duration for investigation was from Sept. 24, '97 to Sept. 28, '97. The measuring sample was "Parents' Authority Index" by Kim, Kyeong - hee(1990). The Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, t - test and ANOVA using the SPSSWIN program. The conclusion of this study were as follows; 1. The perceptive extent regarding parents' authorities has shown very voluntary differences in identity authority. It has shown voluntary differences ligitimacy authority and competency authority as well. 2. In the father's authority - domain based on the child's sex, girl group recognized higher than boy group for the ligitmacy authority as a elementary school students. 3. In the father's authority - domain aspect based on child's developing level, for the ligitmacy authority boy group showed most voluntary difference. In the mother's authority based on child's developing level, all of boy and girl group recognized highly exchange authority with a voluntary difference. 4. In concering the correlation of each authority - domains to father and mother percevied by children, it was shown the highest within identical realm.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.225-241
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• 1988

The purpose of this study is to find the difference between the parents generation and that of the children in the disciplinary methods by means of parental social population variation. With these purpose in mind, the problems have been suggested like following: 1) what are the general differences of between the two generations of parents and children in disciplinary method? 2)What are the general differences of the views between those two generations according to sex? 3) What are the general differences between the parents generation and the child generation according to age? 4) What are the general differences between the parents generation and the child generation according to education level? 5) What are the general differences between the parents generation and the child generation according to income level? In order to solve these problems, questionnaries were distributed on this appendix 374parents (father: 177, mother: 197) who have the children. Questionnaires were compose on "Parents Inventory" of Radke were employs, classfied five measures. To test and verifying the above hypothes, the following five measures. were used. 1) Philosophy of authority (authoritarian vs. democratic) 2) Parental restrition (strict and stubbon vs. democratic) 3) Severity of punishment (severity vs. mildness) 4) Parent-child rapport 9desirable vs. undesirable) 5) Relative responsibility of father and mothehr towards child disciplinary (equal vs. differ) The result of this study is like follows: 1) In general comparison of two generations, tends to be more democratic in the philosophy of authority, more relaxed and easygoing in the parental restroction, more severe in the severity of punishment, and good rapport in the parent-child rapport than grandparents generation and the responsibility of father don't change but that of mother tends to augment in child disciplinary 2) In comparison of two generation according to sex, the mother showed more democratic in the philosophy of authority and closely perceive her parents in the parent-child rapport as compared with the father. 3) In comparison of two generation according to age, the younger parents showed more relaxed attitudes towards the child disciplinary, the perception better relations of their parents in the parent-child rapport. 4) In the comparison of two generations according to education level the more educated parents showed the more relaxed and easygoing attitude towards in the parental restriction. 5) In comparison of two generation according to income, as the parents of large income generally (not always) showed easygoing than their previous generation in the parental restriction, and they perceive that they have a good one in parent-child rapport. This study caused by the some difficult problem required futher investigation on the result of two generations the problems happened in the inner unitary of items. And, it proposed some problems which constitutes the problems of the proper interpretation of the results between two generations brought about discordance of items between tow generations

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.43-54
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• 2009

The main purpose of this study was to explore the variables predicting mothers' parenting attitudes in Korean-Japanese multi-cultural families in comparison to Korean families. Differences in parental beliefs, life-satisfaction and parenting attitudes between these two groups were also examined. Data were collected via questionnaires from 110 Japanese and 168 Korean mothers of young children. Results revealed that mothers' beliefs on value of child and parental role, life-satisfaction and parenting attitudes were different across the families. Costed-concept of child and low life-satisfaction predicted 'shaming' and 'coercive' parenting for Japanese mothers whereas parental role beliefs as an 'authority' figure predicted 'shaming' parenting for Korean mothers. Life-satisfaction was most influential to predict 'affectionate-rational' parenting for both group.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.3
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• pp.79-88
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• 1976

In Ecorea Lrynasty, the authority all officers a compulsary obligatic.~ to learn the Nyo-I~.'z~\ulcorneruzngd er the custody of a super1 iscr o; Letters wino -1 a\ulcorner the ~ejponsible officer to train ci~ril senants. The Nyo-Kjli ilg was possible to interpret the pious love of ci I illans to the~re lders as a mutual ethics between the parental ber~ec;~lc nce and the filial piety of inferiors which n-as far superior to the traditional cthic; that was laid on an firm obligation of inieri~rs to tEei:- elders. The filial piety as a lovc for elders mean2 a mutual harrn~n:a~n d show\ulcorner a berieiolent conduct as an influence of a political morality. Thc heaer-o!erLt conduct was developed as a political morality of Confucius originated from the filial piety of Confucius based on a moral policj . Such a kenerolent conduct is to become a main spring to effect a mutual tie betn-een the king and his people as a national system of the Confucian theory. In i*

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.219-232
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• 2006

The purpose of this research is to develop and validate an instrument that can be used to measure critical aspects of a parent's attitude and behavior that influence child development and adaptation. This instrument is named Parenting Style Inventory and self-reporting assessment of parent for preschoolers. We reported findings from 578 preschooler's care-givers. Five factors were extracted from 55 items developed for preschooler version and finally 29 items were selected. Subscales were empathy, respect, parental authority, coerciveness, perfectionism. Internal consistency of these subscales were .77, .86, .70, .74, .68 relatively. Empathy, respect and authoritative scales were regarded as the basic dimensions of parent's behavior. For clinical validation, we divided the preschooler care-giver sample into 8 groups according to scores of the basic dimensions and compared the 8 groups with parenting stress and parenting self-efficacy scores. The results indicated that three basic factors would have different effects on parental experiences and satisfaction. We suggested the clinical implication and limitation of this instrument.