• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.55
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• pp.1-29
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of household income on children's academic achievement, and to identify the mediating effects of parental time and material investment in the relationship between the two variables. We utilized the third-wave data of the "Seoul Panel Study of Children Surveys(SPSC, 2006)". The major findings of the present study are as follows. First, the results show that household income has a positive influence on children's academic achievement. Second, parental material investment fully mediates the influence of household income on children's academic achievement. Among the variables representing parental material investment, the mediating effects of "purchasing of cognitively stimulating materials" and "participating in extracurricular activities' are found to be statistically significant. However, the two variables representing parental time investment ("parent activities with child out of home" and "parent involvement in school") do not have any significant influence on children's academic achievement. These results indicate that the influence of household income on children's academic achievement can be better explained by parental material investment rather than parental time investment. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.107-121
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to develop a sexuality education program for early adolescents. The overall goals of the program were to not only increase knowledge and skirts, but also to improve the awareness of healthy sex in order to promote premarital abstinence, parent-teen communication and parental awareness of the importance of parental roles and responsibilities in prevention of sexual problems of the early adolescent. The program consisted of six sessions: puberty changes during adolescence, the meaning of sexuality, sexual drives in dating relationships, understanding of the risks associated with early sexual involvement and support for postponing sexual activities, managing and avoiding sexually risky situations, the importance of communications with parents about issues related to sexuality. The program evaluation had three steps: pre-test, immediate post-test and two month follow-up post test. The results showed that the program had a significantly positive effect on the improvement of adolescent's knowledge about sex, and attitudes and behaviors toward sex, particularly in the immediate post-test. At the two month follow-up assessment, the effect of the program still remained strong, though there was a sight and partial reduction which was not statistically significant. Most of the program participants expressed a high level of satisfaction with the program. Parental involvement appeared to be effective as well. Recommendations for further study include: to re-evaluate the curriculum for various other participants. In addition, further study which would compare post-test results of these participants with a comparison group of peers who did not receive the program would be valuable. The author believes that the program can be used in implementing specific subjects (sessions) in new settings, as well as implementing the entire package of the program.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.22-33
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• 1997

The objective of this study is to understand disordered parent-child relationships of Reactive Attachment Disorder(RAD) systematically through the mother’ internal working model of child. In this study, RAD mothers’internal representations of the child were compared with mothers’of control group and association between mothers’ representation classifications and children’ attachment classifications was examined. Also individual differences in mother-child interaction by mothers’representation classifications was observed. The subjects of this study were 40 2-5 year-old children and their mothers, 20 attachment disordered dyads and 20 normal dyads of control group. Mothers were interviewed using the Working Model of the Child(Zeanah, Benoit & Barton 1986) to classify internal representations of child. Children’ attachment patterns were assessed by the Strange Situation Procedure. For observation of motherchild interaction, Each dyad was seen in DPICS devised by Eyberg and Robinson(1983). The results of the study were as follows：1) Among RAD group, 55% of mothers were classified as disengaged and 45% classified as distorted, while all mothers of control group were classified as balanced. In rating scales, there were significant differences in all 3 representation classifications in Intensity of involvement and Coherence. In Intensity of involvement disengaged representations had the lowest score and distorted representations had the lowest score in Coherence. 2) Mothers’representation classifications were related to children’ attachment classifications. All mothers of control group whose children were classified as secure were classified as balanced. Among RAD’ mothers, by contrast, 82% of mothers classified as disengaged had children classified as anxious-avoidant, 56% of mothers classified as distorted had children classified as disorganized / disoriented and 33% of mothers classified as distorted had children classified as anxious-resistant. 3) There were individual differences in mother-child interactions by mothers’representation classifications. In the child-centered play, mothers classified as disengaged used discriptive statement, reflective statement and discriptive-reflective question less than balanced mothers. Mothers classified as distorted used direct command and indirect command more than balanced mothers. In the clean-up task, mothers classified as disengaged and distorted used direct command and indirect command more than balanced mothers. The results of this study suggest that parents’working model of the child is an important factor to understand parent-child attachment relationships and their interactions. The understanding of parents’ working model of the child is thought to enrich our understanding of disordered parent-child relationships and to provide useful informations for specific and successful treatments.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.96-107
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• 2001

Recent research indicates that the new mothers want to learn about childrearing, and have burden in care of infants. Also it indicates that the new mothers say the lack of confidence and knowledge about infant care. This study was a prospective longitudinal reseach developing parent role education program and evaluating the effectiveness of this program for mother-infant interaction, childrearing environment and infant development. Longitudinal quasi-experimental design was used. The subjects were the healthy infants weighing over 2,500gm at birth, whose gestational age was more than 37weeks, and their mothers. The sample consisted of 19 mother-infant dyads for intervention group and 18 dyads for control group. Data were collected from March 15th to December 14th in 1999. For the intervention group received programmed education that was consisted of discharge education, telephone counselling, and home visiting for maternal education. The data were analyzed using chi-square test and t-test to test the equivalence of two groups, and the effectiveness of intervention program. This study was focused on the results of six months time point. The results were as follows: 1. There was significant difference in the mean score of mother-infant interaction(NCAST) between two groups. Intervention group showed higher scores in the subscales of sensitivity to cues, cognitive growth fostering, and caregiver total. 2. There was no significant difference in the mean score of child rearing environment (HOME) between two groups of six-month-infants. But when each subscale of HOME was examined, intervention group showed higher scores in the dimensions of opportunities for variety in daily stimulation, maternal involvement with child, and emotional, verbal response. 3. Six-month-infants of the intervention group showed significantly higher GQ in the Griffiths mental development scale. In conclusion, the maternal education program was effective in promoting the mother-infant interaction, organizing the childrearing environment, and fostering the infant development. These results were very meaningful that we found parent role education necessary for normal infants' mothers, and nurses can make a great contribution in promoting health of infants and mothers.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.1273-1289
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to use the parent of the infant status and their media perception (3-7 five years) the infants' media use by examining the situation looking at the parents' use of media that cause impact on infants' media use parents will be validated accordingly to seek the solutions for the media and the involvement of infants perception. U City and 14 practitioners in preschool infants aged 5-7 target parents from 1307 people based in September 2014, a survey was conducted two months until October. This study was a mixed Methods for quantitative analysis of all the results and qualitative analysis of the results. Results for media use quantitative analysis of the results and impact parents have on infants' media use their media usage status of the parents and the media use of infants by their perceived status has been subjected to frequency analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis, parents perception results. Analysis of the solution for the immersion of the media and the infants unit of analysis was used for componential analysis. Through this study, parents would like to establish a plan to take advantage of essential educational content in the media and sought ways for the correct use of infants in the media and practice at home.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.35-51
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to synthesize research findings on the relationship between parenting efficacy and the variables related to it, as well as to produce results using meta-analysis. The following questions guide this study : Which variables are frequently conducted in research related to parenting efficacy? What is the effect size of each variable? The 65 studies whose results are analyzed in this paper were collected via a search for investigations focusing on 'parenting efficacy'. The studies were used for meta-analysis in which eleven variables were selected. The results of the analysis indicate that a large effect size is produced by the parenting stress in a negative direction. A higher than medium effect size occurs on the basis of parenting beliefs in a negative direction. A higher than medium effect size is also caused by the father's involvement in child care and social support. A medium effect size is produced on the basis of children's temperament, and a small effect size is the result of the mother's academic background, parenting knowledge, and parent's income. There is no relationship between parenting efficacy and children's gender.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 1999

Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a multifunctional protein that catalyzes the catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione with electrophilic compounds. It exists in a variety of isoenzy-matic froms with a wide range of substrate specificity and plays a pivotal role in detoxification of various drugs. In order to elucidate the GST-${\pi}$'s involvement of multidrug resistance (MDR) in drug-resistant tumor cell lines, we determined GST-${\pi}$ content by "1 step sandwich method". Consequently, adriamycin resistant cells of MCF-7 (MCF-7/ADM) have 7-fold increase of GST-${\pi}$ content than that of MCF-7 cells, while its {TEX}$IC_{50}${/TEX} was 116-fold greater than parent cell line. By northrn blotting, we compared whether MCF-7/ADM cells express GST-${\pi}$ mRNA. The GST-${\pi}$ mRNA expression in these cells was not inducible, but constitutive when treated for 24 h with a concentration of 0, 20, 200, and 2000 nM of adriamycin, respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that GST-${\pi}$ may not be directly associated with multidrug resistance in these human cancer cell lines.ell lines.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.36-39
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• 2014

Treatment of complex aneurysms usually entails not only direct clipping but also alternative treatment modality. We recently experienced a case of vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm and obtained good treatment outcomes. Our case suggests that the endovascular segmental occlusion with posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) to PICA side anastomosis might be a good treatment option in patients with complex vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms. A 45-year-old woman has a left vertebral dissecting aneurysm with dizziness. Based on the aneurysmal morphology and the involvement of PICA, the patient underwent side to side anastomosis of the PICA. This was followed by the endovascular segmental coil occlusion. The aneurysmal sac was completely obliterated. At a 2-year follow-up, the patient achieved a good patency of both PICA. In conclusion our case suggests that the endovascular segmental occlusion of the parent artery followed by PICA to PICA bypass surgery through a midline suboccipital approach is a reasonable multimodal treatment option in patients with complex vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.53-57
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• 2020

This article reviews a wide range of literature on the standards and process of child custody evaluation in the US, and proposes custody evaluation standards appropriate to Korea. Custody evaluation refers to the process of making psychiatric and psychological evaluations of each parent and the child during a custody dispute and presenting to the family court a report of custody evaluation with the aim of safeguarding the best interests of the child. In the past, it was thought that children arethe fathers' possessions or that younger children should be raised by the mother; however, currently, custody rights are evaluated in accordance with the principle of the best interests of the child. The principle is all-encompassing and vague and hence, the court makes increasingly more requests to mental health professionals for custody evaluation. Since the Seoul Family Court introduced the expert consultation system in 2017, the involvement of mental health professionals in child custody decisions has increased in Korea. Custody evaluators should try to be neutral and find the objective facts, keeping in mind that their role is to aid the court in making a custody decision.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.818-830
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the parents listening guidance program, which allows the parents to understand their hearing impaired children and how to listen at home, on the communication skills of the hearing impaired children. The research subjects were 3 hearing impaired children who did not accompany with the intellectual, emotional and behabioral problems, and the listening guidance has been performed for their parents for 3 months through the listening guidance program. The changes in the communication skills in the hearing impaired children were observed comparing before and after the education. In the results, first, the receptive language skill of the hearing impaired children was improved after than before the parents listening guidance. Second, the expressive language skill of the hearing impaired children was improved after than before the parents listening guidance, too. Third, in the communication behavior of the hearing impaired children, the phonation and the speech production were increased together with the gesture after the parents listening guidance. In conclusion, it is deemed that the parents listening guidance program would have positive influence on the communication behavior of the hearing impaired children.