• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.30-39
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• 2003

In this paper, we carried out the performance evaluation of HM-Net(Hidden Markov Network) speech recognition system for Korean speech databases. We adopted to construct acoustic models using the HM-Nets modified by HMMs(Hidden Markov Models), which are widely used as the statistical modeling methods. HM-Nets are carried out the state splitting for contextual and temporal domain by PDT-SSS(Phonetic Decision Tree-based Successive State Splitting) algorithm, which is modified the original SSS algorithm. Especially it adopted the phonetic decision tree to effectively express the context information not appear in training speech data on contextual domain state splitting. In case of temporal domain state splitting, to effectively represent information of each phoneme maintenance in the state splitting is carried out, and then the optimal model network of triphone types are constructed by in the parameter. Speech recognition was performed using the one-pass Viterbi beam search algorithm with phone-pair/word-pair grammar for phoneme/word recognition, respectively and using the multi-pass search algorithm with n-gram language models for sentence recognition. The tree-structured lexicon was used in order to decrease the number of nodes by sharing the same prefixes among words. In this paper, the performance evaluation of HM-Net speech recognition system is carried out for various recognition conditions. Through the experiments, we verified that it has very superior recognition performance compared with the previous introduced recognition system.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.885-890
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• 2003

This study was conducted to estimate the growth curve parameters of 253 heads of F2 population produced by inter-crossing F1 from Korean Native boars and Landrace sows, and to estimate the effects of Leptin receptor gene(LEPR) on their growth characteristics. Growth curve parameters were estimated from nonlinear regression using Gompertz model individually. Average mature weight and average maturing rate estimated were 179.69${\pm}$4.40kg and 0.3103${\pm}$0.0043, respectively. The effect of sex was insignificant for all the parameters estimated from Gempertz model(p〉.05), and the effect of calving group was significant for mature weight and maximum growth rate at inflection point (p〈.05). The effect of LEPR genotype were significant for all the growth curve parameters(p〈.05). According from the results of the least squares means of growth curve parameters by LEPR genotypes, mature weight and point of inflection were highest in genotype AA in which the maturing rate was the lowest, and were lowest in genotype DD in which maturing rate was the highest, reversely.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.1001-1008
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• 2005

This study examined the effect of corn processing with varying rumen undegradable protein (RUP) on feed intake, milk yield, its composition and, blood characteristics in Holstein cows during the transitional period (21 days pre partum to 21 days post partum). Twenty Holstein cows were randomly assigned to four diets (five cows/diet), ground corn with 30 % RUP (GCR30), ground corn with 40 % RUP (GCR40), flaked corn with 30 % RUP (FCR30), and flaked corn with 40 % RUP (FCR40). The processed corn with varying RUP was fed in total mixed rations (TMR) to cows. Dry matter intake (DMI) was higher with 40 % RUP diet than with 30 % RUP diet, resulting in higher protein and energy intake by cows during pre and post partum (p＜0.05). However, it was not affected by corn processing during pre and post partum. Similarly milk yield was higher with 40 % RUP diet than with 30 % RUP diet. and milk yield was affected by corn processing at RUP 30 % level. Corn processing did not affected the milk fat and protein contents in dairy cows. The concentration of blood non esterified fatty acid (NEFA) were effected by RUP level with flaked corn, however, it was non-significant with RUP levels when given with ground corn. It is concluded that increasing RUP from 30 % to 40 % in iso-nitrogenous diet could increase milk yield in dairy cows during the transitional phase.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.868-873
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• 2004

Renal dysfunction could be developed as the secondary disease of liver cirrhosis. Delayed or suppresed lipid peroxidation by the treatment with physiological active substances could be explained as the antioxidative and protective effect in tissue damage. In this study, we investigated an antioxidative effect and renal function improvement of Hovenia dulcis in liver fibrosis(cirrhosis) induced rats. The female Sprague-Dawley rats (180∼210 g) were divided into 3 groups (Normal, AC: CCl₄ mixture treated group, AC-HV: CCl₄ mixture+ Hovenia dulcis treated group) and renal damage was developed by CCl₄ mixture administration in 4 weeks (0.8 ㎖/rat). The tissue of kidney and liver and sera were used for quantitative measurement of enzyme activity, MDA and Hyp. The histological change and gene expression of collagen α1(III) mRNA and a1(IV) mRNA were observed by Masson's trichrome staining and RT-PCR. As a result, the clinical biochemical parameters of liver function (AST and ALT) in sera of AC-HV group showed significantly 46.4% and 104.8% lower (p<0.005), and the level of ALP and BUN as the parameter of protein urine and azotemia showed 17.8 % and 25.8 % lower than in AC group. In AC-HV group, the concentration of MDA in kidney and liver was decreased significantly 15.8% and 21.3% when compared with AC group (p<0.01 -0.005). The content of Hyp in kidney of AC-HV group is merely higher than in AC group, in contrast to liver tissue. The expression of collagen α1(III) mRNA and collagen α1(IV) mRNA was decreased in AC, but both of collagen mRNA in normal and AC-HV group expressed fast similar. More massive lipid droplets, thicker collagen fiber bundles in portal triads and more formation of portal central septum were observed in the liver of AC group than in AC-HV group. In conclusion, CCl₄ mixture intoxication could be developed not only liver fibrosis(cirrhosis) but also renal dysfunction by the massive lipid peroxidation and suppression of interstitial collagen and basement membrane collagen synthesis. And the water extract of Hovenia dulcis may be possessed the antioxidative and protective effect and improvement of kidney function in renal dysfunction induced rats.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 2009

Background : Constipation is one of the most common disorders in Korea and Western countries. It may be related with life style, diet, physical activity, age, stress and gender, and particularly premenopausal women experience constipation more often than men due to the significant prolongation of the mean colonic transit in women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a probiotic on constipation in loperamide-induced constipated rats. Materials and Methods : The rats were divided into 3 groups. Constipation was induced by administration of loperamide for 5 days, and the excreted amount as well as the number of feces was observed. Lactic acid bacteria as a probiotic were administered orally every day for 5 days. Results : The results showed that loperamide administration induced severe experimental constipation in rats. The amount of feces was decreased and the number of pellets was increased by loperamide. The water content in the feces as a parameter of constipation was also decreased by loperamide. On the other hand, the dry weights of feces were not significantly different among the groups. It represents that the amount of food consumption might have been similar among the groups, and constipation was caused by delayed intestinal movement. Conclusion : Probiotic administration for 5 days in rats partly alleviated or prevented the constipation induced by loperamide.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 2013

Outbreak of animal infectious diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease, avian influenza are becoming prevalent worldwide. For prevent the further infection, tremendous numbers of the infected or culled stocks are buried around farm. This burial method can generate a wide range of detrimental components such as leachate, nutrient, salt, and pathogenic bacteria, consequently. In this study, for the stabilization of livestock carcasses leachate, advanced oxidation processes utilizing the Fenton reaction was investigated in lab-scale experiments for the treatment for $COD_{Cr}$ of livestock carcass leachate. $COD_{Cr}$ reduction by the Fenton oxidation was investigated response surface methodology using the Box-Begnken methods were applied to the experimental results. A central composite design was used to investigate the effects of the independent variables of pH ($x_1$), dosage of $FeCl_2{\cdot}4H_2O$ ($x_2$) and dosage of $H_2O_2$ ($x_3$) on the dependent variables $COD_{Cr}$ concentration ($y_1$). A 1 M NaOH and $H_2SO_4$ was using for pH control, $FeCl_2{\cdot}4H_2O$ was used as iron catalyst and NaOH was used for Fenton reaction. The optimal conditions for Fenton oxidation process were determined: pH, dosage of $FeCl_2{\cdot}4H_2O$ and dosage of $H_2O_2$ were 3, 0.6 g (0.0151 M) and 7 mL(0.259 M), respectively. Statistical results showed the order of significance of the independent variables to be pH > initial concentration of ferrous ion > initial concentration of hydrogen peroxide.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.469-480
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• 2016

The present study aims to develop a real-time surface image velocimeter (SIV) using an Android smartphone. It can measure river surface velocity by using its built-in sensors and processors. At first the SIV system figures out the location of the site using the GPS of the phone. It also measures the angles (pitch and roll) of the device by using its orientation sensors to determine the coordinate transform from the real world coordinates to image coordinates. The only parameter to be entered is the height of the phone from the water surface. After setting, the camera of the phone takes a series of images. With the help of OpenCV, and open source computer vision library, we split the frames of the video and analyzed the image frames to get the water surface velocity field. The image processing algorithm, similar to the traditional STIV (Spatio-Temporal Image Velocimeter), was based on a correlation analysis of spatio-temporal images. The SIV system can measure instantaneous velocity field (1 second averaged velocity field) once every 11 seconds. Averaging this instantaneous velocity measurement for sufficient amount of time, we can get an average velocity field. A series of tests performed in an experimental flume showed that the measurement system developed was greatly effective and convenient. The measured results by the system showed a maximum error of 13.9 % and average error less than 10 %, when we compared with the measurements by a traditional propeller velocimeter.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.333-339
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• 2016

Technology to optimize and utilize the use and supply of the electric power between consumer and supplier has been on the rise among the smart grid power market network in electric power demand management based on the Internet. Open Automated Demand Response system protocol, which can deliver Demand Response needed in electric power demand management to electricity supplier, system supplier and even the user is openADR 2.0b. This paper used the most credible, cosmopolitanly proliferated EPRI open source and analysed the variety of security vulnerability that developed VEN and VTN system may have. Using the simulator for attacking openADR protocol, the VEN/VTN system that has been implemented as EPRI open source was conducted to attack in a variety of ways. As a result of the analysis, we were able to get the results that the VEN/VTN system has security vulnerabilities to the parameter tampering attacks and service flow falsification attack. In conclusion, if you want to implement the openADR2.0b protocol system in the open or two-way communication environment smart grid network, considering a variety of security vulnerability should be sure to seek security technology and services.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.171-179
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• 2013

An automated ultrasonic velocity measurement system adopting pulse-echo-overlap (PEO) method has been constructed, which is known to be a precise and versatile method. It has been applied to velocity measurements for 5 kinds of engineering plastic cores and compared to first arrival picking (FAP) method. Because it needs multiple reflected waves and waves travel at least 4 times longer than FAP, PEO has basic restriction on sample length measurable. Velocities measured by PEO showed slightly lower than that by FAP, which comes from damping and diffusive characteristics of the samples as the wave travels longer distance in PEO. PEO, however, can measure velocities automatically by cross-correlating the first echo to the second or third echo, so that it can exclude the operator-oriented errors. Once measurable, PEO shows essentially higher repeatability and reproducibility than FAP. PEO system can diminish random noises by stacking multiple measurements. If it changes the experimental conditions such as temperature, saturation and so forth, the automated PEO system in this study can be applied to monitoring the velocity changes with respect to the parameter changes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.1150-1156
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• 2014

This trail was conducted to study the effect of L-proline on the growth performance, and blood parameter in the weaned lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged pigs. Thirty six pigs ($9.13{\pm}0.85$ kg) were assigned randomly to dietary treatments in a $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement in a 20-d growth assay. Factors were intraperitoneal injection with saline or LPS, and three dietary L-proline supplement levels (0%, 0.5%, or 1.0%). On d 10, blood samples were collected at 3 h after LPS (100 ${\mu}g$ LPS/kg body weight [BW]) or saline injection. On d 20 of the trial, all pigs were orally administrated D-xylose (0.1 g/kg BW) at 2 h, and blood samples were collected at 3 h after LPS or saline injection. As a result, dietary supplementation with 0.5% proline had a tendency to increase average daily gain (ADG) in piglets during d 10 to 20 (p = 0.088). Without LPS challenge, dietary supplementation with 1.0% proline had no effect on growth hormone (GH) concentrations on d 10 (p>0.05), but decreased it after LPS challenge (p<0.05). There was LPS challenge${\times}$proline interaction for GH concentrations on d 10 (p<0.05). Dietary supplementation with 1.0% proline decreased glucagon concentration on d 10 after LPS challenge (p<0.05). In addition, dietary supplementation with proline increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity significantly on d 10 and 20 (p<0.05), and 1.0% proline increased heat shock proteins-70 concentration on d 10 (p<0.05). Moreover, proline supplementation increased diamine oxidase (DAO) concentrations after LPS challenge (p<0.05). There was LPS challenge${\times}$proline interaction for DAO (p<0.05). Furthermore, dietary supplementation with 1.0% proline increased the D-xylose level when no LPS challenge (p<0.05). These results indicate that proline supplementation could improve growth performance, increase SOD activities, and has a positive effect on the gastrointestinal tract digestibility in early weaned pigs.