• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.167-173
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• 2004

Strabismus is a misalignment of the eyes. It is divided into paralytic strabismus and non-paralytic strabismus. There are so many causes in paralytic strabismus, and the oculomotor nerve palsy is one of them. Many studies reported the etiology and clinical features of oculomotor nerve palsy. Common causes of oculomotor nerve palsy are idiopathic, vascula.; disease, aneurysm, head trauma, neoplasm and miscellaneous. Recently the proportion of traumatic cause has been increased, but the treatment is difficult as it used to be. In this case report, one case of traumatic oculomotor nerve palsy with zygomatic arch Fx and clavicle Fx were treated by herbal medicine and acupuncture. After Treatment, symptoms- ptosis, deviation of Lt. eye to downward & outward in primary position, diplopia, limited adduction & elevation & depression, dilated pupil without pupil reflex- were improved. There are so many hypothesises but no definite guide lines are established about the oriental medical treatment of oculomotor nerve palsy, so we expect the establishment of definite guide lines by further clinical studies.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.370-378
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this descriptive study was to investigate the administration patterns of sedatives and paralytic agents for mechanically ventilated patients. Method: The participants were 18 adult patients who received mechanical ventilation therapy for more than 1 day in the MICU. Collected data were type of injected medications, administration interval, injected amount, administration purpose and patient assessment by nurses. Result: Mean age of the patients was 61 years old. Seventy-two percent were male. Only 2 drugs (midazolam and norcuron) were administered to most of subjects. The type of medication administered was less heterogeneous than in previous studies. Most of the patients received sedatives and paralytics intermittently. Six different methods were used by nurses to administer sedatives and paralytics. The mean injection frequency was 9.3 times/day for sedatives and 10.8 times/day for paralytic agents. The most common purpose for administration of the drugs was full sedation of the patient (57%). Conclusion: Since a few patients received sedatives and paralytic agents higher than usual dose and a few Patients received those drugs lower than usual dose, nurses need to use proper protocols and guidelines for sedation to avoid oversedation and undersedation.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

To develop effective training methods for strengthening a weakened quadriceps femoris muscle in hemiplegic patients, we examined the effects of maximal isometric contraction of the nonparalyzed knee joint on the electromyographic activities of the paralytic muscle. An electromyogram (EMG) was used to record the electromyographic activities of the paralytic quadriceps femoris muscle in 27 hemiplegic patients. The maximal isometric contraction was measured for each subject to normalize the electromyographic activities. The maximal isometric extension and flexion exercises were randomly conducted when the knee joint angles of the nonparalyzed knees were $0^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, and $90^{\circ}$. The patients were encouraged to maintain maximal isometric contractions in both knee joints during each measurement, and three measurements were taken. A one-minute rest interval was given between each measurement to minimize the effects of muscle fatigue. An average from the three values was taken as being the root mean square of the EMG and was recorded as being the maximal isometric contraction. The electromyographic activity obtained for each measurement was expressed as a percentage of the reference voluntary contraction, which was determined using the values obtained during the maximal isometric contraction. The results of this study are summarized as follows: First, when the knee joint angle of the nonparalyzed knee was $0^{\circ}$, the electromyographic activities of the paralytic medial aspect of rectus femoris were related to measurement by a maximal isometric flexion exercise than by an extension exercise (p<.05). Second, when the knee joint angle of the nonparalyzed knee was $90^{\circ}$, the electromyographic activities of the paralytic lateral aspect of rectus femoris were related to measurement by a maximal isometric flexion exercise than by an extension exercise (p<.05). The results show that myoelectrical activities of paralytic quardriceps were not related to measurement angles and exercise directions of the nonparalized knee joint. Studies on various indirect intervention to improve muscular strength of patients with nervous system disorders of the weakened muscle should be constantly conducted.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.134-137
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• 2002

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

It confirmed the facilitated diffusion of $Na^+$ of frog bladder membrane which is a tissue membrane. The mechanism was explained in $Na^+$ channel model and its referred to the $Na^+$ channel obstruction ingredient which was contained in the reference to the $Na^+$ channel obstruction ingredient and son on, e.g., seaweed, shellfish, pufferfish, phytoplankton and chinese drug. Also, it introduces the result which studied from the barrier point of the application of the tissue biosensor to the trade friction on Korea or Japan pufferfish and the marine environment in the one with high dependance. It was possible for the poison quantity of small amount pufferfish toxin (TTX), paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) to be measured and also to measure poison quantity in the cultivation poisonous toxin phytoplankton individual. In future, as for this tissue biosensor, it expects that it is possible to contribute widely until environment watch and also monitoring to the scene.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.93-106
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• 1990

The Drosophila temperature-sensitive mutant shibire (shi) is paralyzed at restrictive temperature by a reversible block in synaptic transmission. To explore the functional relationship among shi gene products, viability and temperature-sensitive paralytic behavior were quantitaively analyzed for four shi alleles, shi$^{ts1}$, shi$^{ts2}$, shi$^{ts4}$, and shi$^{ST139}$, and their heteroallelic combinations. The hemizygous combination of shi alleles over deficiency was not completely lethal. shi$^{ts2}$ exhibited distinctively higher viability than other alleles. A novel behavior, bang sensitivity, was also found in shi/Df(1). This bang-sensitive paralytic behavior was compared with that of the typical bang-sensitive mutant flies. Heterozygotes, shi/+, are more severe in temperature sensitivity than deficiency hemizygotes, Df(1)/+. Heteroallelic combinations of shi were less sensitive to high temperature than homozygotes. Among all allelic combinations, shi$^{ts2}$/shi$^{ts4}$ showed an unexpected extreme reduction in temperature sensitivity. The results of allelic interactions among 4 shi alleles suggest that the shi mutations examined behave as antimorphic alleles and that the gene product of shi are likely to function in multimeric forms.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.74-77
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• 2001

In order to investigate the distribution of paralytic shellfish poison, we examined the toxicity during from February to October in 2000. Of 591 shellfish samples, $17(2.88\%)$ samples were detected. Scapgarca broughtonii was highest collected $14.29\%(2/14)$. In the monthly detection rate of PSP, April was highest $13.3\%(8/60)$, in the regional collecting rate, Cheon-nam coastal area was highest $3.82\%(10/262)$, and in cases of imported area, China was $8.3\%(1/12)$. Imported area as well as domestic area samples should be strengthen to examine enduringly.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1331-1338
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• 2009

Marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum producing paralytic shellfish toxins is responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). To investigate its temporal distributions in Chinhae Bay where PSP occurs annually, SYBR Green I based A. minutum-specific real-time PCR probe was developed on the LSU rDNA region. Assay specificity and sensitivity were tested against related species, and its specificity was further confirmed by sequencing of field-derived samples. Ten months field survey in 2008 (a total 100 surface water samples) by using the real-time PCR probe showed that A. minutum was detected at very low densities of 1-4 cells $L^{-1}$ in May and June being spring in Chinhae Bay, Korea.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.225-236
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• 1998

The literature review about bladder management method given to maintain and improve health of neurogenic bladder patients was done. Because the study of neurogenic bladder patients in nursing field is not enough, I tried to find report the study tendency through literature review, 1. There are five types of neurogenic bladder such as uninhibited neurogenic bladder, reflex neurogenic bladder, autonomous neurogenic bladder, sensory paralytic neurogenic bladder, and motor paralytic neurogenic bladder. 2. The accurate assessment of neurogenic bladder is done mainly through urodynamics and especially cystometrogram and urethrogram are used. 3. As the study of therapeutic management, the effect of Desmopressin, bladder auto-augmentation, incision of external urethral sphincter muscle, subarachnoid block and pudendal never block using phenol was studied. 4. For the study of general management, the effect of bladder training progam, intermittent catheterization and infection control has been studied but there has not been any obvious study in nursing field. Reviewed the study condition, it is necessary to develope bladder training program in order to increase life quality of neurogenic bladder patients.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.131-143
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• 2008

Objectives: Electroacupuncture has the effect of recovering paralytic nerves and muscles. To treat disproportional muscles of expression with electroacupuncture, it is essential that we know the correct point of paralytic muscle. Methods: We investigated 20 cases of patients with facial palsy sequelae. We measured nasolabial angles, checked grade of muscle palsy, and tested ENoG. Results: This study showed significant correlation between nasolabial angles with these muscle groups (zygomatic group I, zygomatic group II, orbicularis oris muscle). Conclusions: Disproportional facesare fixed by muscles of expression observed in facial palsy sequelae. We can treat muscular paralysis of these muscle groups with electroacupuncture for more complete recovery.