• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.52-56
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• 2000

The objective of this study was to compare occurrence of the shipping fever associated with vaccination and mass medication in Korean Native Cow. Lack of vaccination (Pasteurella haemolytica, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhea, parainfluenza 3, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus) and mass medication before and after transportation, 67% of gram-negative cocci were detected. However, with vaccination and mass medication, only 33% of Gram-negative cocci were detected. When antimicrobial susceptibility for the detected bacterium was tested, apramycin, ampicillin, amilacin, clindamycin, gentamycin, kanamycin, penicillin, and streptomycin were resistant, whereas tylocin, amoxicillin, linocospetin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, oxalinic acid, and cefotaxime were susceptible. Morbidity and average therapeutic effect were 33% and 1.0time with vaccination and mass medication and were 78% and 5.3 times without vaccination and mass medication, respectively. Therefore, the results suggest that shipping fever would be considerably decreased with vaccination including mass medication before and after transportation.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.266-275
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• 2005

목 적 : 바이러스는 소아 하기도 감염증의 가장 흔한 원인으로 소아에서 흔히 이환되어 모세기관지염, 폐렴, 크룹, 기관 기관지염 등의 하기도 감염을 일으키는 원인 바이러스들로서 이들의 유행 시기 및 임상 양상을 조사하여 각 질환의 특성을 알아 보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1998년 9월부터 2003년 5월까지 한림대학교 한강성심병원과 강남성심병원 소아과에 급성 호흡기 감염증으로 입원했던 환아 10,630명 중 총 4,554례에서 비인두 흡인물을 채취하여 바이러스 배양 및 단일 클론 항체를 이용한 면역 형광 검사법으로 881례(19%)에서 호흡기바이러스가 분리되었다. 그 중 모세기관지염, 폐렴, 크룹, 기관 기관지염 등의 급성 하기도 감염증으로 진단 받은 837례의 의무기록을 후향적으로 고찰하였다. 결 과 : 1) RSV가 485례(55%)로 가장 많았고, PIV 152례(17%), FluA 114례(13%), ADV 79례(9%), FluB 51례(6%) 순이었다. 2) 발생시기는 RSV의 경우 연중 발생하였고, 주로 11-12월에 많았다. PIV 매년 4-6월에 최고치를 이루었고, FluA는 매년 11-12월부터 다음해 1월까지 발생하였으나, 2002년 1월과 11월에 가장 많았다. FluB는 매년 3-4월에 유행하였고, 그 중 2002년 4월에 최고치를 이루었다. ADV는 연중 비슷하게 발생하였다. 3) 남녀 성별 비는 3 : 2로 남아가 더 많았고, 중앙연령은 9개월이었다. 4) 임상적 진단에는 세기관지염 395례(47%), 폐렴 305례(36%), 크룹73례(9%), 기관 기관지염 64례(8%)의 순이었고, RSV의 경우 세기관지염이 280례(60%)였다. 5) 임상증상 및 징후에는 각 바이러스 모두 기침(96%), 가래(83%), 비루(65%), 발열(61%)이 많았고, ADV는 설사(23%)가 다른 바이러스에 비해 많았다. 6) 청진 소견으로 천명음이 들렸던 경우는 RSV가 55%로 많았고, 수포음은RSV(47%), ADV(43%), FluA(40%) 순이었다. 건성수포음은 FluB가 49%로 많았으며, 협착음은 PIV가 27%로 높았다. 7) 말초 혈액 백혈구 수는 전체 62%에서 정상이었고, 36%에서 증가하였다. 적혈구 침강 속도는 30%에서 증가하였고, C 반응 단백은 20%에서 양성이었다. 8) 방사선 소견은 고찰이 가능하였던 803례 중 각 바이러스 모두 정상 소견이 557례(69%)로 가장 많았고, 특징적으로 하인두 확장은 PIV에서 31례(21%)로 현저하게 많았다. 결 론 : 소아에서 급성 하기도 감염증의 중요한 원인을 차지하는 호흡기 바이러스는 각각 발생시기 및 유행 양상에서 차이를 보였으나, 임상 양상은 서로 비슷하였고, 배양검사 결과가 확인되기 이전에 정확한 원인 바이러스를 예측하고 규명하기에는 어려운 점이 있었다. 이에 질병을 예측할 수 있는 신속한 진단법들이 개발되어 항바이러스제제를 적절한 시기에 선택하고 또한 예방접종시기를 예측하는데 도움이 되어야겠다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.209-214
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• 2017

Wild raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis) may play a role transmitting several pathogens to humans and pet animals. Information concerning the incidence of rabies, canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus (CPV), canine adenovirus type 2 (CAdV-2), canine parainfluenza virus type 5 (CPIV-5), and canine herpesvirus (CHV) is needed in wild raccoon dogs. In total, 62 brain samples of raccoon dogs were examined for rabies virus (RABV) and CDV, and 49 lung samples were screened for CDV, CAdV-2, CPIV-5, and CHV. No RABV, CAdV-2, CPIV-5, or CHV was identified, but nine CDV antigens (8.1%, 9/111) were detected. Moreover, 174 serum samples from wild raccoon dogs were screened for antibodies against the five major viral pathogens. The overall sero-surveillance against CDV, CPV, CAdV-2, CPIV-5, and CHV in wild raccoon dogs was 60.3%, 52.9%, 59.8%, 23.6%, and 10.3%, respectively. Comparisons of the sero-surveillance of the five pathogens showed that raccoon dogs of Gyeonggi province have slightly higher sero-positive rates against CDV, CPV, and CHV than those of Gangwon province. These results indicate high incidences of CDV, CPV, and CAdV-2 in wild raccoon dogs of two Korean provinces and a latent risk of pathogen transmission to companion and domestic animals.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권12호
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• pp.470-473
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this prospective case-control study was to survey the detection rate of respiratory viruses in children with Kawasaki disease (KD) by using multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and to investigate the clinical implications of the prevalence of respiratory viruses during the acute phase of KD. Methods: RT-PCR assays were carried out to screen for the presence of respiratory syncytial virus A and B, adenovirus, rhinovirus, parainfluenza viruses 1 to 4, influenza virus A and B, metapneumovirus, bocavirus, coronavirus OC43/229E and NL63, and enterovirus in nasopharyngeal secretions of 55 KD patients and 78 control subjects. Results: Virus detection rates in KD patients and control subjects were 32.7% and 30.8%, respectively (P=0.811). However, there was no significant association between the presence of any of the 15 viruses and the incidence of KD. Comparisons between the 18 patients with positive RT-PCR results and the other 37 KD patients revealed no significant differences in terms of clinical findings (including the prevalence of incomplete presentation of the disease) and coronary artery diameter. Conclusion: A positive RT-PCR for currently epidemic respiratory viruses should not be used as an evidence against the diagnosis of KD. These viruses were not associated with the incomplete presentation of KD and coronary artery dilatation.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.102-113
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• 2003

목 적 : 바이러스는 소아 하기도 감염증의 가장 흔한 원인으로 소아에서 흔히 이환되어 모세기관지염, 폐렴, 크룹, 기관 기관지염 등의 하기도 감염을 일으키는 원인 바이러스들의 유행 및 임상 양상을 조사하기 위해 본 연구를 시작하였다. 방 법 : 1998년 9월부터 2002년 8월까지 한림대학교 한강성심병원 소아과에 급성 호흡기 감염증으로 입원했던 환아 중 총 913례에서 비인두 흡인물을 채취하여 바이러스 배양 및 단일 클론 항체를 이용한 면역 형광 검사법으로 251례(27%)에서 호흡기바이러스가 분리되었다. 그 중 모세기관지염, 폐렴, 크룹, 기관 기관지염 등의 급성 하기도 감염증으로 진단 받은 208례의 의무기록을 후향적으로 고찰하였다. 결 과 : 1) RSV가 122례(58%)로 가장 많았고, PIV 30례(14%), INFB 21례(11%), INFA 20례(10%), ADV 15례(7%) 순이었다. 2) 발생시기는 RSV의 경우 1998년 12월과 1999년 11월에 많이 발생하였다. PIV는 연중 비슷하였고, INFA는 1999년 3월과 2000년 1월에 많이 검출되었다. INFB는 2002년 4월에 많이 발생하였고, ADV는 2000년을 제외하고는 연중 비슷하게 검출되었다. 3) 남녀 성별비는 1.8 : 1로 남아가 더 많았고, 중앙연령은 10개월이었다. 4) 임상적 진단에는 세기관지염 88례(43%), 폐렴 87례(42%), 크룹19례(9%), 기관 기관지염 14례(6%)의 순이었고, RSV의 경우 세기관지염이 70례(58%)였다. 5) 임상증상 및 징후에는 각 바이러스 모두 기침(93%), 비루(83%), 가래(74%), 발열(56%)이 많았고, ADV의 경우 발열(89%), 호흡곤란(56%)이 다른 바이러스에 비해서 높았다. 6) 청진 소견으로 천명음이 들렸던 경우는 RSV가 69%, INFA가 45%로 많았고, 건성수포음은 PIV가 52%, INFB가 38%로 많았으며 수포음은 ADV에서 89%로 높았다. 7) 말초 혈액 백혈구 수는 전체 59%에서 정상이었고, 39%에서 증가하였다. 적혈구 침강 속도는 73%에서 증가하였고, C 반응 단백은 21%에서 양성이었다. 8) 방사선 소견은 고찰이 가능하였던 206례 중 각 바이러스 모두 정상 소견이 가장 많았고, 과팽창은 RSV에서 많았다. 폐문 부위 기관지 침윤과 폐경화는 ADV에서 많았고, 하인두 확장은 PIV에서 현저하게 많았으며, 그 외 무기폐 소견도 있었다. 결 론 : 소아에서 급성 하기도 감염증의 중요한 원인을 차지하는 호흡기 바이러스는 각각 발생시기 및 유행양상이 다르고 임상 양상에서도 차이를 보였으나, 이에 더욱 많은 보고와 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 본다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제80권4호
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• pp.358-367
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• 2017

Background: Bacterial pneumonia occurring after respiratory viral infection is common. However, the predominant bacterial species causing pneumonia secondary to respiratory viral infections other than influenza remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to know whether the pathogens causing post-viral bacterial pneumonia vary according to the type of respiratory virus. Methods: Study subjects were 5,298 patients, who underwent multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction for simultaneous detection of respiratory viruses, among who visited the emergency department or outpatient clinic with respiratory symptoms at Ulsan University Hospital between April 2013 and March 2016. The patients' medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Results: A total of 251 clinically significant bacteria were identified in 233 patients with post-viral bacterial pneumonia. Mycoplasma pneumoniae was the most frequent bacterium in patients aged <16 years, regardless of the preceding virus type (p=0.630). In patients aged ${\geq}16years$, the isolated bacteria varied according to the preceding virus type. The major results were as follows (p<0.001): pneumonia in patients with influenza virus (type A/B), rhinovirus, and human metapneumovirus infections was caused by similar bacteria, and the findings indicated that Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia was very common in these patients. In contrast, coronavirus, parainfluenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus infections were associated with pneumonia caused by gram-negative bacteria. Conclusion: The pathogens causing post-viral bacterial pneumonia vary according to the type of preceding respiratory virus. This information could help in selecting empirical antibiotics in patients with post-viral pneumonia.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.62-72
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• 2023

목적: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) 발생 이후 인간 코로나바이러스를 포함한 호흡기 바이러스의 패턴에 변화가 있을 것으로 생각되어, COVID-19 발생 이전 경기도 명지병원에 급성 호흡기 감염증으로 입원한 소아청소년을 대상으로 바이러스 감염의 패턴을 보고하였다. 방법: 2017년 1월부터 2019년 12월까지 급성 호흡기 감염증으로 명지병원에 입원한 18세 이하 소아청소년을 대상으로 하였고 real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) 결과를 바탕으로 후향적으로 의무기록을 고찰하였다. 결과: 총 3,557명 중에서 중복감염 포함하여 3,686건의 바이러스가 검출되었고 평균 양성률은 78.6%이었으며 여름에 비해 겨울에 PCR 양성률이 높았다. 파라인플루엔자바이러스, 메타뉴모바이러스, 보카바이러스는 4-6월에 주로 검출되고, 인간엔테로바이러스는 7-9월에, 호흡기세포융합바이러스와 인플루엔자바이러스는 겨울철에 주로 검출되었다. 진단별로 인두편도염에서는 아데노바이러스가 가장 많았고 폐렴에서는 호흡기세포융합바이러스가 가장 많이 검출되었다. 인간 코로나 바이러스는 겨울철에 주로 검출되었으며, 크루프 환자 중에서 3번째 높은 빈도로 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구결과가 이전에 보고되었던 소아청소년의 호흡기 바이러스 역학과 크게 다르지 않았다. 또한 COVID-19 발생 이후 호흡기 바이러스 패턴 비교 연구에 도움이 되고자 COVID-19 발생 이전 호흡기 바이러스 역학정보를 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.182-190
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• 2017

Background: Respiratory viruses play a significant role in the etiology of acute respiratory infections and exacerbation of chronic respiratory illnesses. This study was conducted to identify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children with acute viral lower respiratory infections. Methods: This study investigated 1,168 children diagnosed with acute viral lower respiratory tract infections (RTIs) between January 2012 and December 2014. Specimens of respiratory viruses were collected using a nasopharyngeal swab and analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and analyzed the clinical features of children hospitalized for acute lower respiratory infections. Results: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the main cause of infection in children aged <5 years, was the most commonly detected pathogen in children with bronchiolitis and pneumonia, and resulted in high proportions of children requiring oxygen treatment and intensive care unit admission. Rhinovirus was preceded by RSV as the second most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia, and was detected most frequently in the children aged ${\geq}6$ years. In addition, asthma was predominantly caused by rhinovirus in children aged ${\geq}6$ years, whereas croup was mostly caused by parainfluenza virus in those aged <5 years. Rhinovirus infection (p<0.001) and history of asthma (p=0.049) were identified as significant risk factors for readmission within a month. Conclusion: We identified the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of respiratory viruses in children with acute lower respiratory infections during the last 3 years. Our findings may provide useful clinical insight to comprehend the acute viral lower RTIs in children.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.269-276
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• 2009

Viruses are the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in infants and young children and are a major public health problem in this age group. Viruses were identified in 54.9-70.4% of hospitalized infants and children with LRTIs in Korea. The viral pathogens identified included respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) A and RSV B, influenza (Inf) A, Inf B, parainfluenza (PIV)1, PIV2, human bocavirus (hBoV), human rhinovirus (hRV), adenovirus (ADV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), human coronavirus (hCoV)-OC 43, hCoV-229E, hCoV-NL63, hCoV-HKU1, and human enterovirus (hEV). Coinfections with ${\geq}$2 viruses were observed in 11.5-22.8% of children. The occurrence of LRTIs was the highest in the first year of life. The specific viruses are frequently associated with specific clinical syndromes of LRTIs. LRTIs caused by RSV were predominant among younger infants. hRV accounted for a larger proportion of LRTIs in young infants than ADV and hBoV. hMPV was frequently detected in children >24 months old. The number of hMPV infections peaked between February and May, whereas hRV was detected throughout the year. Thus far, hCoV is a less common respiratory pathogen in cases of ALRI and URI in Korean children.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.521-532
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• 2008

The prevalence of major calf disease was investigated in 117 Holstein dairy calves in Chonnam area. All of them were moved in the College experimental farm which is operated in intensive units. clinical signs were daily examined throughout two months after the introduction of the College farm. Among calves, 92 cases(78.6%) died in the two months after the introduction in it. Outbreaks of respiratory and alimentary diseases were their main causes of their fatality. The incidence of respiratory disorders during the full period of the experiment was up to 42.8%, and the alimentary diseases were occurred 35.9% of the herd. Most of the mortality was related with respiratory(59.9%) and alimentary(52.1%) pathogens. Also calf mortality by combined infection claimed 6.6% among 100 morbidity cases. Principle pathogens to cause mortality were Pasteurella spp(44.4%), E coli(29.9%), bovine viral diarrhea virus(16.2%), IBRV(12.0%), respectively. Viruses also played as an important role in increasing calf morbidity to secondary respiratory bacterial pathogens. Pasteurella infection combined with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus(11 cases), parainfluenza virus type-3(9 cases), or bovine respiratory syncytial virus(7 cases) was appeared as major pattern to mortality. colibacillosis in causing enteritis was concurrently infected with BVD(19 cases), bovine coronavirus infection(14 cases), salmonellosis(5 cases), coccidiosis(5 cases) and clostridial infection(4 cases). Ninty-two cases to death were appeared to have 100% neutralizing antibodies to BCV; Among them, 73.8% had the neutralizing antibody level higher than 64. Calves with neutralizing antibodies higher than 16 to BVDV were 50%. The cases with neutralizing antibody level lower than 8 to BEFV were 89.4% that means the necessity of appropriate vaccination.