• Computers and Concrete
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.603-620
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• 2013

This paper improves genetic programming (GP) and weight genetic programming (WGP) and proposes soft-computing polynomials (SCP) for accurate prediction and visible polynomials. The proposed genetic programming system (GPS) comprises GP, WGP and SCP. To represent confined compressive strength and strain of circular concrete columns in meaningful representations, this paper conducts sensitivity analysis and applies pruning techniques. Analytical results demonstrate that all proposed models perform well in achieving good accuracy and visible formulas; notably, SCP can model problems in polynomial forms. Finally, concrete compressive strength and lateral steel ratio are identified as important to both confined compressive strength and strain of circular concrete columns. By using the suggested formulas, calculations are more accurate than those of analytical models. Moreover, a formula is applied for confined compressive strength based on current data and achieves accuracy comparable to that of neural networks.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.473-491
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• 2013

The primary objectives of this paper are to describe the buckling patterns and to determine the squash load of steel plate-concrete (SC) walls. The major variables in this study were the width-thickness (B/t) ratio and yield strength of surface steel plates. Six SC walls were tested, and the results include the maximum strength, buckling pattern of steel plates, strength of headed studs, and behavior of headed studs. Based on the test results, the effects of the B/t ratio on the compressive strength are also discussed. The paper also presents recommended effective length coefficients and discusses the effects of varying the yield strength of the steel plate, and the effects of headed studs on the performance of SC structures based on the test results and analysis.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.290-307
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to estimate adverse effect on compression strength of corrugated fiberboard containers due to vibration during distribution process. Distribution environment such as road conditions and compression strength of corrugated fiberboard containers for selected agricultural products were studied. We found that increasing humidity does not effect significantly on natural frequencies of boxes, but results in accelerative effect to decrease compression strength of boxes. Box structures and product types also effect on loss of compression strength greatly.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1999년도 학회창립 10주년 기념 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.89-92
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the capability to use with cement admixture materials because Paper Sludge Ash consists of Si, Ca and Al which are chief content in Pozzolan. For the derivation of Pozzolanic reaction in Paper Sludge Ash, it is measured compressive strength on cement mortar which is replaced mixing of Paper Sludge Ash and inorganic admixture ; ie, gypsum, lime and slaked lime, regularly. In the result of test, the strength decrease remarkably when cement is only replaced with Paper Sludge Ash, but the strength is almost equal when cement is replaced with Paper Sludge Ash is mixed with inorganic admixture material in proportions of 5~15%. Consequently, It is possible to use Paper Sluge Ash with admixture materials of cement.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.69-78
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• 1998

Papers loaded with 10-40% $TiO_2$ by dry weight were calendered under the various combinations of calendering conditions such as calender type, linear pressure, and roll temperature. After being calendered, light scattering coefficient, surface roughness, density, and tensile strength of the papers were measured and the results were summerized as follows: 1. To increase the light scattering coefficient of $TiO_2$-highly-loaded paper further by calendering, the calender roll pressure and temperature should be kept low. Under these conditions, the physical strength of the paper was not significantly affected. 2. At low roll temperature, soft nip calender and machine calender type showed the same relationship between paper density and its roughness. At high roll temperature, soft nip calender type gave much lower roughness than machine calender type at the same density. 3. At high roll temperature of both calenders, the density as well as the tensile strength of the TiO$_2$-loaded paper was increased significantly.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.80-87
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• 2011

This research was performed to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of Chanhoji manufactured with the traditional method. This research would provide a basic information for its application in the manufacture of Korean-style house. A piece of Changhoji was manufactured to have a weight of 3.75 g. The weight was increased with the basic weight and no increase was not found on its density. The strength properties of Changhoji are superior to a copying paper, and the quality showed the first grade in Korean Standard (KS M 7301). The air resistance varied with the thickness from 2 to 19 seconds, but it showed better performance than a copying paper having 38 seconds. This research would be used for the practical use in understanding the ventilation and lightening properties of windows and doors in Korean-style house.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.509-526
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• 2018

The direct strength method adopted by the AISI Standard and AS/NZS 4600 is an advanced design method meant to substitute the effective width method for the design of cold-formed steel structural members accounting for local instability of thin plate elements. It was proven that the design strength formula for the direct strength method could predict the ultimate strength of medium strength steel welded section compressive and flexural members with local buckling reasonably. This paper focuses on the modification of the direct strength formula for the application to high strength and high performance steel welded section columns which have the nominal yield stress higher than 460 MPa and undergo local buckling, overall buckling or their interaction. The resistance of high strength steel welded H and Box section columns calculated by the proposed direct strength formulae were validated by comparison with various compression test results, FE results, and predictions by existing specifications.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.69-75
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigated the application of mixed resins for corrugated container board. The corrugated container board yields a sandwich structure in which a linerboard material is glued to a corrugated medium . Now, manufacturing corrugated container boards don't provide sufficient strength, and result in box failure during shipping . Therefore improvement of box strength is necessary . In this study, we intend to improve box strength by improving corrugated medium strength with mixed resins and to find the optimum treatment condition of this resins. First, we tried to mixed resins as Starch+CMC, Starch_Irea, CMC+Urea, Second, investigated to applicability of this resins for corrugated medium , and the third, measured tensile index, burst index, and edgewise compression index on liner, medium paper, and single faced corrugated container board. In this test results, we obtained that the improvement ratios of tensile index in liner and medium paper were approximately 80-185%, 60-118% , respectively. The respecting improvement ratios of edgewise compression index of single faced corrugated container board was approximately 91-124%, relatively. In addition, we concluded that optimum condition in mixing ratio was 1 :3 with CMC + Urea and the ap[plication amounts was 9% on materials. Fro manufacture of corrugated container board, optimum condition in mixing ratio was 1 : 3 with 5% CMC +Urea , because of considering to improvement of strength on cost.

• 폴리머
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.620-625
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• 2014

Polyvinyl alcohol/polyamide-epichlorohydrin(PVA/PAE) 복합 지력증강제 처리에 따른 종이의 건조 및 습윤인장강도와 표면특성 변화를 살펴보았다. PVA/PAE 복합 지력증강제를 사용하는 경우, PVA와 PAE를 각각 첨가제로 사용하는 것에 비하여 건조 및 습윤 인장강도 증가와 함께 치수안정성이 우수해 짐을 알 수 있었으며 이는 PVA와 PAE의 물리적인 가교에 의한 결과로 해석할 수 있었다. PVA/PAE의 복합화는 PAE 지력증강제 처리에 의하여 발생하는 종이의 표면 거칠기의 증가를 최소화하며 동시에 사이징도 증가시켜 종이 인쇄 시 색농도 증가에 기여함을 알 수 있다.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표논문집
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• pp.40-48
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• 2004

Paper tube industry for synthetic fiber packaging has approximately 200 billion won of market size in Korea, while any significant research has not done yet about physical characteristics of paper tubes. This study was conducted to find out a adequate structure of paper tubes by changing compositions of paperboards, size of tubes, and makers. Parallel compression strength was not only rely on compositions of paperboards, but also largely impacted by structural design of paper tubes.